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Author | Tarkhov, M.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J. Ph.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast reset time of superconducting single photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 92 | Issue | 24 | Pages | 241112 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 429 | |||
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Author | Fetterman, H. R.; Tannenwald, P. E.; Clifton, B. J.; Parker, C. D.; Fitzgerald, W. D.; Erickson, N. R. | ||||
Title | Far-ir heterodyne radiometric measurements with quasioptical Schottky diode mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1978 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 33 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 151-154 |
Keywords | Schottky | ||||
Abstract | Frequency countings close to a phase locked zone in an electronic receiver show a 1/f power spectral density. The noise scaling versus the frequency deviation and the open loop gain are found from Adler's model of the phase locked loop. This fully agrees with experiments performed at 5 MHz on a receiver with a Schottky diode mixer and a low pass filter. The 1/f amplitude and frequency noise due to the whole set of (sub)harmonics is explained from a nonlinear mapping, with a coupling coefficient related to the structure of prime numbers. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 587 | |||
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Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Reker, S. F.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Vahtomin, Yu.; Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Direct detection effect in small volume hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 86 | Issue | 16 | Pages | 163503 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | HEB, mixer, direct detection effect | ||||
Abstract | We measure the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm)(0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electronbolometermixer at 1.6THz1.6THz. We find that the small signal sensitivity of the receiver is underestimated by 35% due to the direct detection effect and that the optimal operating point is shifted to higher bias voltages when using calibration loads of 300K300K and 77K77K. Using a 200GHz200GHzbandpass filter at 4.2K4.2K the direct detection effect virtually disappears. This has important implications for the calibration procedure of these receivers in real telescope systems. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 377 | |||
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Author | Delacour, C.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J.-Ph.; Pannetier, B.; Bouchiat, V.; de Lamaestre, R. Espiau; Villegier, J.-C.; Tarkhov, M.; Korneev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation with an atomic force microscope | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 90 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 191116 (1 t0 3) |
Keywords | SSPD | ||||
Abstract | The authors present a fabrication technique of superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation of niobium nitride ultrathin films. Narrow superconducting meander lines are obtained by direct writing of insulating niobium oxynitride lines through the films using voltage-biased tip of an atomic force microscope. Due to the 30nm resolution of the lithographic technique, the filling factor of the meander line can be made substantially higher than detector of similar geometry made by electron beam lithography, thus leading to increased quantum efficiency. Single photon detection regime of these devices is demonstrated at 4.2K. The authors thank J.-P. Maneval for stimulating discussions. This work has been partly supported by ACI Nanoscience from French Ministry of Research, D.G.A., by Grant No. 02.445.11.7434 of Russian Ministry of Education and Science, and by the European Commission under project “SINPHONIA,” Contract No. NMP4-CT-2005-16433. |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 423 | |||
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Author | Prober, D. E. | ||||
Title | Superconducting terahertz mixer using a transition-edge microbolometer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 62 | Issue | 17 | Pages | 2119-2121 |
Keywords | HEB mixer, NbN, TES | ||||
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Notes | Recommended by Klapwijk | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 244 | |||
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Author | Lindgren, M.; Zorin, M. A.; Trifonov, V.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Karasik, B. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
Title | Optical mixing in a patterned YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 65 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 3398-3400 |
Keywords | YBCO HTS HEB mixer, bandwidth | ||||
Abstract | Mixing of 1.56 µm infrared radiation from two lasers in a high quality YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film, patterned to parallel strips, was demonstrated. A mixer bandwidth of 18 GHz, limited by the measurement system, was obtained. A model based on nonequilibrium electron heating gives a good fit to the data and predicts an intrinsic mixer bandwidth in excess of 100 GHz, operating in the whole infrared spectrum. Reduction of bolometric effects and ways to decrease the conversion loss of the mixer is discussed. The minimum conversion loss is expected to be ~10 dB. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 251 | |||
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Author | Ekstörm, H.; Kollberg, E.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Yngvesson, S. | ||||
Title | Gain and noise bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometric mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 70 | Issue | 24 | Pages | 3296-3298 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, conversion loss, conversion gain, U-factor technique | ||||
Abstract | We have measured the noise performance and gain bandwidth of 35 Å thin NbN hot-electron mixers integrated with spiral antennas on silicon substrate lenses at 620 GHz. The best double-sideband receiver noise temperature is less than 1300 K with a 3 dB bandwidth of ≈5 GHz. The gain bandwidth is 3.2 GHz. The mixer output noise dominated by thermal fluctuations is 50 K, and the intrinsic conversion gain is about −12 dB. Without mismatch losses and excluding the loss from the beamsplitter, we expect to achieve a receiver noise temperature of less than 700 K. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 279 | |||
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Author | Il’in, K. S.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Ultimate quantum efficiency of a superconducting hot-electron photodetector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 3938-3940 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The quantum efficiency and current and voltage responsivities of fast hot-electron photodetectors, fabricated from superconducting NbN thin films and biased in the resistive state, have been shown to reach values of 340, 220 A/W, and 4×104 V/W, respectively, for infrared radiation with a wavelength of 0.79 μm. The characteristics of the photodetectors are presented within the general model, based on relaxation processes in the nonequilibrium electron heating of a superconducting thin film. The observed, very high efficiency and sensitivity of the superconductor absorbing the photon are explained by the high multiplication rate of quasiparticles during the avalanche breaking of Cooper pairs. |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1579 | |||
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Author | Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Laauwen, W. M.; Hajenius, M; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
Title | Low noise NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 4.3 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 91 | Issue | Pages | 221111 (1 to 3) | |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, NbN, contacts cleaning | ||||
Abstract | We have studied the sensitivity of a superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer mixer integrated with a spiral antenna at 4.3 THz. Using hot/cold blackbody loads and a beam splitter all in vacuum, we measured a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1300 K at the optimum local oscillator (LO) power of 330 nW, which is about 12 times the quantum noise (hnu/2kB). Our result indicates that there is no sign of degradation of the mixing process at the superterahertz frequencies. Moreover, a measurement method is introduced which allows us for an accurate determination of the sensitivity despite LO power fluctuations. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 584 | |||
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Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 84 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 1958-1960 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. We show experimentally that both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by more than a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature TN,DSB=950 K at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, uncorrected for losses in the optics. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 352 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Matvienko, V.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Currie, M.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K.; Zhang, J.; Słysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, Roman | ||||
Title | Sensitivity and gigahertz counting performance of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 84 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 5338-5340 |
Keywords | SSPD, NEP, QE | ||||
Abstract | We have measured the quantum efficiencysQEd, GHz counting rate, jitter, and noise-equivalentpowersNEPdof nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectorssSSPDsdin thevisible to infrared radiation range. Our 3.5-nm-thick and 100- to 200-nm-wide meander-typedevices(total area 10310mm2), operating at 4.2 K, exhibit an experimental QE of up to 20% inthe visible range and,10% at 1.3 to 1.55mm wavelength and are potentially sensitive up tomidinfrareds,10mmdradiation. The SSPD counting rate was measured to be above 2 GHz withjitter,18 ps, independent of the wavelength. The devices’ NEP varies from,10−17W/Hz1/2for1.55mm photons to,10−20W/Hz1/2for visible radiation. Lowering the SSPD operatingtemperature to 2.3 K significantly enhanced its performance, by increasing the QE to,20% andlowering the NEP level to,3310−22W/Hz1/2, both measured at 1.26mm wavelength. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 532 | |||
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Author | Li, T. F.; Pashkin, Yu. A.; Astafiev, O.; Nakamura, Y.; Tsai, J. S.; Im, H. | ||||
Title | High-frequency metallic nanomechanical resonators | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 92 | Issue | Pages | 043112(1)-043112(3) | |
Keywords | nanomechanical resonator, polycrystalline metal films | ||||
Abstract | We developed a technology to fabricate fully metallic doubly clamped beams working as nanomechanical resonators. Measured with a magnetomotive detection scheme, the beams, made of polycrystalline metal films, show as good quality as previously reported ones made of single crystal materials, such as Si, GaAs, AlN, and SiC. Our method is compatible with the conventional fabrication process for nanoscale electronic circuits and thus offers a possibility of easily integrating the beams into superconducting charge and flux qubits and single-electron transistors as well as coupling them to coplanar waveguide resonators. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 621 | |||
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Author | Tretyakov, Ivan; Ryabchun, Sergey; Finkel, Matvey; Maslennikova, Anna; Kaurova, Natalia; Lobastova, Anastasia; Voronov, Boris; Gol'tsman, Gregory | ||||
Title | Low noise and wide bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 98 | Issue | Pages | 033507 (1 to 3) | |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixer | ||||
Abstract | We report a record double sideband noise temperature of 600 K (5hν/kB) offered by a NbN hot-electron bolometer receiver at 2.5 THz. Allowing for standing wave effects, this value was found to be constant in the intermediate frequency range 1–7 GHz, which indicates that the mixer has an unprecedentedly large noise bandwidth in excess of 7 GHz. The insight into this is provided by gain bandwidth measurements performed at the superconducting transition. They show that the dependence of the bandwidth on the mixer length follows the model for an HEB mixer with diffusion and phonon cooling of the hot electrons. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 638 | ||
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Author | Il'in, K. S.; Lindgren, M.; Currie, M. A.; Semenov, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, Roman; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
Title | Picosecond hot-electron energy relaxation in NbN superconducting photodetectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 76 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 2752-2754 |
Keywords | NbN HEB detectors, two-temperature model, IF bandwidth | ||||
Abstract | We report time-resolved characterization of superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors using an electro-optic sampling method. Our samples were patterned into micron-size microbridges from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films deposited on sapphire substrates. The devices were illuminated with 100 fs optical pulses, and the photoresponse was measured in the ambient temperature range between 2.15 and 10.6 K (superconducting temperature transition TC). The experimental data agreed very well with the nonequilibrium hot-electron, two-temperature model. The quasiparticle thermalization time was ambient temperature independent and was measured to be 6.5 ps. The inelastic electron–phonon scattering time Ï„e–ph tended to decrease with the temperature increase, although its change remained within the experimental error, while the phonon escape time Ï„es decreased almost by a factor of two when the sample was put in direct contact with superfluid helium. Specifically, Ï„e–ph and Ï„es, fitted by the two-temperature model, were equal to 11.6 and 21 ps at 2.15 K, and 10(±2) and 38 ps at 10.5 K, respectively. The obtained value of Ï„e–ph shows that the maximum intermediate frequency bandwidth of NbN hot-electron phonon-cooled mixers operating at TC can reach 16(+4/–3) GHz if one eliminates the bolometric phonon-heating effect. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 856 | |||
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Author | Kataoka, T; Kajikawa, K.; Kitagawa, J.; Kadoya, Y; Takemura, Y. | ||||
Title | Improved sensitivity of terahertz detection by GaAs photoconductive antennas excited at 1560 nm | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 97 | Issue | Pages | 201110 (1-3) | |
Keywords | photoconductive antenna (PCA) | ||||
Abstract | The terahertz detection by photoconductive antennas (PCAs) based on low-temperature grown (LTG) GaAs with 1.5 μm pulse excitation was revisited. We found that the detection efficiency can be improved by a factor of 10 (20 dB) by reducing the excitation spot size and the gap length of the PCA, maintaining the low noise feature of the PCA on LTG GaAs. As a result, the signal-to-noise ratio higher than 50 dB was obtained at a reasonable incident power of 9.5 mW, suggesting that the scheme is promising for the detection of terahertz waves in practical time domain systems. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 904 | |||
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