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Author Sahu, Mitrabhanu; Bae, Myung-Ho; Rogachev, Andrey; Pekker, David; Wei, Tzu-Chieh; Shah, Nayana; Goldbart, Paul M.; Bezryadin, Alexey doi  openurl
  Title Individual topological tunnelling events of a quantum field probed through their macroscopic consequences Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Nature Phys. Abbreviated Journal (down) Nature Phys.  
  Volume 5 Issue Pages 503-508  
  Keywords phase slips, superconducting nanowires  
  Abstract Phase slips are topological fluctuations that carry the superconducting order-parameter field between distinct current-carrying states. Owing to these phase slips, superconducting nanowires acquire electrical resistance. In such wires, it is well known that at higher temperatures phase slips occur through the process of thermal barrier-crossing by the order-parameter field. At low temperatures, the general expectation is that phase slips should proceed through quantum tunnelling events, which are known as quantum phase slips. However, resistive measurements have produced evidence both for and against the occurrence of quantum phase slips. Here, we report evidence for the observation of individual quantum phase-slip events in homogeneous ultranarrow wires at high bias currents. We accomplish this through measurements of the distribution of switching currents for which the width exhibits a rather counter-intuitive, monotonic increase with decreasing temperature. Importantly, measurements show that in nanowires with larger critical currents, quantum fluctuations dominate thermal fluctuations up to higher temperatures.  
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  Notes Recommended by Klapwijk Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 928  
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Author Hadfield, Robert H. doi  openurl
  Title Single-photon detectors for optical quantum information applications Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Nature Photonics Abbreviated Journal (down) Nature Photonics  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages 696-705  
  Keywords SPD  
  Abstract The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in interest in new single-photon detector technologies. A major cause of this trend has undoubtedly been the push towards optical quantum information applications such as quantum key distribution. These new applications place extreme demands on detector performance that go beyond the capabilities of established single-photon detectors. There has been considerable effort to improve conventional photon-counting detectors and to transform new device concepts into workable technologies for optical quantum information applications. This Review aims to highlight the significant recent progress made in improving single-photon detector technologies, and the impact that these developments will have on quantum optics and quantum information science.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 678  
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Author Kawano, Yukio; Ishibashi, Koji url  doi
openurl 
  Title An on-chip near-field terahertz probe and detector Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Nature Photonics Abbreviated Journal (down) Nature Photon  
  Volume 2 Issue 10 Pages 618-621  
  Keywords single molecule, terahertz, THz, near-field, microscopy, imaging, 2DEG, GaAs/AlGaAs, detector, applications  
  Abstract The advantageous properties of terahertz waves, such as their transmission through objects opaque to visible light, are attracting attention for imaging applications. A promising approach for achieving high spatial resolution is the use of near-field imaging. Although this method has been well established in the visible and microwave regions, it is challenging to perform in the terahertz region. In the terahertz techniques investigated to date, detectors have been located remotely from the probe, which degrades sensitivity, and the influence of far-field waves is unavoidable. Here we present a new integrated detection device for terahertz near-field imaging in which all the necessary detection components — an aperture, a probe and a terahertz detector — are integrated on one semiconductor chip, which is cryogenically cooled. This scheme allows highly sensitive, high-resolution detection of the evanescent field alone and promises new capabilities for high-resolution terahertz imaging.  
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  ISSN 1749-4885 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 570  
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Author Wu, Ming C. openurl 
  Title Optoelectronic tweezers Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Photonics Abbreviated Journal (down) Nature Photon  
  Volume 5 Issue 6 Pages 322-324  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Using projected light patterns to form virtual electrodes on a photosensitive substrate, optoelectronic tweezers are able to grab and move micro- and nanoscale objects at will, facilitating applications far beyond biology and colloidal science.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 775  
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Author Wei, Jian; Olaya, David; Karasik, Boris S.; Pereverzev, Sergey V.; Sergeev, Andrei V.; Gershenson, Michael E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ultrasensitive hot-electron nanobolometers for terahertz astrophysics Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Nature Nanotechnology Abbreviated Journal (down) Nature Nanotech  
  Volume 3 Issue 8 Pages 496-500  
  Keywords HEB, Ti/NbN, single terahertz photons, detection  
  Abstract The submillimetre or terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum contains approximately half of the total luminosity of the Universe and 98% of all the photons emitted since the Big Bang. This radiation is strongly absorbed in the Earth's atmosphere, so space-based terahertz telescopes are crucial for exploring the evolution of the Universe. Thermal emission from the primary mirrors in these telescopes can be reduced below the level of the cosmic background by active cooling, which expands the range of faint objects that can be observed. However, it will also be necessary to develop bolometers – devices for measuring the energy of electromagnetic radiation—with sensitivities that are at least two orders of magnitude better than the present state of the art. To achieve this sensitivity without sacrificing operating speed, two conditions are required. First, the bolometer should be exceptionally well thermally isolated from the environment;

second, its heat capacity should be sufficiently small. Here we demonstrate that these goals can be achieved by building a superconducting hot-electron nanobolometer. Its design eliminates the energy exchange between hot electrons and the leads by blocking electron outdiffusion and photon emission. The thermal conductance between hot electrons and the thermal bath, controlled by electron–phonon interactions, becomes very small at low temperatures (10-16 WK-1 at 40 mK). These devices, with a heat capacity of 10-19 J K-1, are sufficiently sensitive to detect single terahertz photons in submillimetre astronomy and other applications based on quantum calorimetry and photon counting.		  
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  ISSN 1748-3387 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 576  
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Author Li, Mo; Pernice, W. H. P.; Xiong, C.; Baehr-Jones, T.; Hochberg, M.; Tang, H. X. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Harnessing optical forces in integrated photonic circuits Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal (down) Nature  
  Volume 456 Issue 7221 Pages 480-484  
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  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ s @ Serial 425  
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Author Taylor, F.W. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Atmospheric physics: Natural lasers on Venus and Mars Type Journal Article
  Year 1983 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal (down) Nature  
  Volume 306 Issue 5944 Pages 640-640  
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  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 457  
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Author Zhang, Qiang; Goebel, Alexander; Wagenknecht, Claudia; Chen, Yu-Ao; Zhao, Bo; Yang, Tao; Mair, Alois; Schmiedmayer, Jörg; Pan, Jian-Wei openurl 
  Title Experimental quantum teleportation of a two-qubit composite system Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal (down) Nat. Phys.  
  Volume 2 Issue 10 Pages 678-682  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS; quantum teleportation  
  Abstract Quantum teleportation, a way to transfer the state of a quantum system from one location to another, is central to quantum communication and plays an important role in a number of quantum computation protocols. Previous experimental demonstrations have been implemented with single photonic or ionic qubits. However, teleportation of single qubits is insufficient for a large-scale realization of quantum communication and computation. Here, we present the experimental realization of quantum teleportation of a two-qubit composite system. In the experiment, we develop and exploit a six-photon interferometer to teleport an arbitrary polarization state of two photons. The observed teleportation fidelities for different initial states are all well beyond the state estimation limit of 0.40 for a two-qubit system. Not only does our six-photon interferometer provide an important step towards teleportation of a complex system, it will also enable future experimental investigations on a number of fundamental quantum communication and computation protocols  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 795  
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Author Lu, Chao-Yang; Zhou, Xiao-Qi; Gühne, Otfried; Gao, Wei-Bo; Zhang, Jin; Yuan, Zhen-Sheng; Goebel, Alexander; Yang, Tao; Pan, Jian-Wei openurl 
  Title Experimental entanglement of six photons in graph states Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal (down) Nat. Phys.  
  Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 91-95  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Graph states-multipartite entangled states that can be represented by mathematical graphs-are important resources for quantum computation, quantum error correction, studies of multiparticle entanglement and fundamental tests of non-locality and decoherence. Here, we demonstrate the experimental entanglement of six photons and engineering of multiqubit graph states. We have created two important examples of graph states, a six-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state, the largest photonic Schrödinger cat so far, and a six-photon cluster state, a state-of-the-art `one-way quantum computer'. With small modifications, our method allows us, in principle, to create various further graph states, and therefore could open the way to experimental tests of, for example, quantum algorithms or loss- and fault-tolerant one-way quantum computation.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 796  
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Author Ursin, R.; Tiefenbacher, F.; Schmitt-Manderbach, T.; Weier, H.; Scheidl, T.; Lindenthal, M.; Blauensteiner, B.; Jennewein, T.; Perdigues, J.; Trojek, P.; Ömer, B.; Fürst, M.; Meyenburg, M.; Rarity, J.; Sodnik, Z.; Barbieri, C.; Weinfurter, H.; Zeilinger, A. openurl 
  Title Entanglement-based quantum communication over 144km Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal (down) Nat. Phys.  
  Volume 3 Issue 7 Pages 481-486  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Quantum entanglement is the main resource to endow the field of quantum information processing with powers that exceed those of classical communication and computation. In view of applications such as quantum cryptography or quantum teleportation, extension of quantum-entanglement-based protocols to global distances is of considerable practical interest. Here we experimentally demonstrate entanglement-based quantum key distribution over 144km. One photon is measured locally at the Canary Island of La Palma, whereas the other is sent over an optical free-space link to Tenerife, where the Optical Ground Station of the European Space Agency acts as the receiver. This exceeds previous free-space experiments by more than an order of magnitude in distance, and is an essential step towards future satellite-based quantum communication and experimental tests on quantum physics in space.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 797  
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Author Pirandola, Stefano; Mancini, Stefano; Lloyd, Seth; Braunstein, Samuel L. openurl 
  Title Continuous-variable quantum cryptography using two-way quantum communication Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal (down) Nat. Phys.  
  Volume 4 Issue 9 Pages 726-730  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Quantum cryptography has recently been extended to continuous-variable systems, such as the bosonic modes of the electromagnetic field possessing continuous degrees of freedom. In particular, several cryptographic protocols have been proposed and experimentally implemented using bosonic modes with Gaussian statistics. These protocols have shown the possibility of reaching very high secret key rates, even in the presence of strong losses in the quantum communication channel. Despite this robustness to loss, their security can be affected by more general attacks where extra Gaussian noise is introduced by the eavesdropper. Here, we show a `hardware solution' for enhancing the security thresholds of these protocols. This is possible by extending them to two-way quantum communication where subsequent uses of the quantum channel are suitably combined. In the resulting two-way schemes, one of the honest parties assists the secret encoding of the other, with the chance of a non-trivial superadditive enhancement of the security thresholds. These results should enable the extension of quantum cryptography to more complex quantum communications.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 798  
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Author Zurek, Wojciech Hubert openurl 
  Title Quantum Darwinism Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal (down) Nat. Phys.  
  Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 181-188  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Quantum Darwinism describes the proliferation, in the environment, of multiple records of selected states of a quantum system. It explains how the quantum fragility of a state of a single quantum system can lead to the classical robustness of states in their correlated multitude; shows how effective `wave-packet collapse' arises as a result of the proliferation throughout the environment of imprints of the state of the system; and provides a framework for the derivation of Born's rule, which relates the probabilities of detecting states to their amplitudes. Taken together, these three advances mark considerable progress towards settling the quantum measurement problem.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 799  
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Author Shor, Peter W. openurl 
  Title Quantum information theory: The bits don't add up Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal (down) Nat. Phys.  
  Volume 5 Issue Pages 247 - 248  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract A counterexample to the 'additivity question', the most celebrated open problem in the mathematical theory of quantum information, casts doubt on the possibility of finding a simple expression for the information capacity of a quantum channel.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 800  
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Author Hanneke, D.; Home, J. P.; Jost, J. D.; Amini, J. M.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J. openurl 
  Title Realization of a programmable two-qubit quantum processor Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal (down) Nat. Phys.  
  Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 13-16  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract The universal quantum computer is a device capable of simulating any physical system and represents a major goal for the field of quantum information science. In the context of quantum information, `universal' refers to the ability to carry out arbitrary unitary transformations in the system's computational space. Combining arbitrary single-quantum-bit (qubit) gates with an entangling two-qubit gate provides a set of gates capable of achieving universal control of any number of qubits, provided that these gates can be carried out repeatedly and between arbitrary pairs of qubits. Although gate sets have been demonstrated in several technologies, they have so far been tailored towards specific tasks, forming a small subset of all unitary operators. Here we demonstrate a quantum processor that can be programmed with 15 classical inputs to realize arbitrary unitary transformations on two qubits, which are stored in trapped atomic ions. Using quantum state and process tomography, we characterize the fidelity of our implementation for 160 randomly chosen operations. This universal control is equivalent to simulating any pairwise interaction between spin-1/2 systems. A programmable multiqubit register could form a core component of a large-scale quantum processor, and the methods used here are suitable for such a device.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 801  
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Author Trabesinger, Andreas openurl 
  Title Quantum mechanics: Shaken foundations Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal (down) Nat. Phys.  
  Volume 5 Issue 12 Pages 863  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 802  
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