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Cherednichenko, S., Kollberg, E., Angelov, I., Drakinskiy, V., Berg, T., & Merkel, H. (2005). Effect of the direct detection effect on the HEB receiver sensitivity calibration. In Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (pp. 235–239). Göteborg, Sweden.
Abstract: We analyze the scale of the HEB receiver sensitivity calibration error caused by the so called “direct detection effect”. The effect comes from changing of the HEB parameters when whey face the calibration loads of different temperatures. We found that for HIFI Band 6 mixers (Herschel Space Observatory) the noise temperature error is of the order of 8% for 300K/77K loads (lab receiver) and 2.5% for 100K/10K loads (in HIFI). Using different approach we also predict that with an isolator between the mixer and the low noise amplifiers the error can be much smaller.
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Гольцман, Г. Н., & Лудков, Д. Н. (2003). Сверхпроводниковые смесители на горячих электронах терагерцового диапазона и их применение в радиоастрономии. Изв. высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика, 46(8/9).
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Meledin, D., Pavolotsky, A., Desmaris, V., Lapkin, I., Risacher, C., Perez, V., et al. (2009). A 1.3-THz balanced waveguide HEB mixer for the APEX telescope. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., 57(1), 89–98.
Abstract: In this paper, we report about the development, fabrication, and characterization of a balanced waveguide hot electron bolometer (HEB) receiver for the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment telescope covering the frequency band of 1.25–1.39 THz. The receiver uses a quadrature balanced scheme and two HEB mixers, fabricated from 4- to 5-nm-thick NbN film deposited on crystalline quartz substrate with an MgO buffer layer in between. We employed a novel micromachining method to produce all-metal waveguide parts at submicrometer accuracy (the main-mode waveguide dimensions are 90×180 μm). We present details on the mixer design and measurement results, including receiver noise performance, stability and “first-light†at the telescope site. The receiver yields a double-sideband noise temperature averaged over the RF band below 1200 K, and outstanding stability with a spectroscopic Allan time more than 200 s.
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Cherednichenko, S., Drakinskiy, V., Berg, T., Kollberg, E. L., & Angelov, I. (2007). The direct detection effect in the hot-electron bolometer mixer sensitivity calibration. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., 55(3), 504–510.
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Burke, P. J., Schoelkopf, R. J., Prober, D. E., Skalare, A., Karasik, B. S., Gaidis, M. C., et al. (1999). Mixing and noise in diffusion and phonon cooled superconducting hot-electron bolometers. J. Appl. Phys., 85(3), 1644–1653.
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