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Author Cherednichenko, S.; Yagoubov, P.; Il'In, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. url  openurl
  Title Large bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers on sapphire substrates Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 245-257  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, fabrication process  
  Abstract The bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers has been systematically investigated with respect to the film thickness and film quality variation. The films, 2.5 to 10 mm thick, were fabricated on sapphire substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering. All devices consisted of several parallel strips, each 1 1.1 wide and 211 long, placed between Ti-Au contact pads. To measure the gain bandwidth we used two identical BWOs operating in the 120-140 GHz frequency range, one functioning as a local oscillator and the other as a signal source. The majority of the measurements were made at an ambient temperature of 4.5 K with optimal LO and DC bias. The maximum 3 dB bandwidth (about 4 GHz) was achieved for the devices made of films which were 2.5-3.5 nm thick, had a high critical temperature, and high critical current density. A theoretical analysis of bandwidth for these mixers based on the two-temperature model gives a good description of the experimental results if one assumes that the electron temperature is equal to the critical temperature.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 276  
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Author Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C-Y. E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov, B.; Cherednichenko, S. url  openurl
  Title Phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixers for submillimeter wavelengths Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 23-28  
  Keywords waveguide NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract The noise performance of receivers incorporating NbN phonon-cooled superconducting hot electron bolometric mixers is measured from 200 GHz to 900 GHz. The mixer elements are thin-film (thickness — 4 nm) NbN with —5 to 40 pm area fabricated on crystalline quartz sub- strates. The receiver noise temperature from 200 GHz to 900 GHz demonstrates no unexpected degradation with increasing frequency, being roughly TRx ,; 1-2 K The best receiver noise temperatures are 410 K (DSB) at 430 GHz, 483 K at 636 GHz, and 1150 K at 800 GHz.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 275  
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Author Ekström, H.; Kollberg, E.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Yngvesson, S. url  openurl
  Title Phonon cooled ultra thin NbN hot electron bolometer mixers at 620 GHz Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 29-35  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract We have measured the noise performance and gain bandwidth of 35 A thin NbN hot-electron mixers integrated with spiral antennas on silicon substrate lenses at 620 GHz. A double-sideband receiver noise temperature less than 1300 K has been obtained with a 3 dB bandwidth of GHz. The gain bandwidth is 3.2 GHz. A lower noise temperature of 1100 K has been achieved with an improved set-up. The mixer output noise dominated by thermal fluctuations is about 50-60 K, and the SSB receiver and intrinsic conversion gain is about -18 and -12 dB, respectively. Without mismatch losses and excluding the loss from the beamsplitter, we expect to achieve a receiver noise temperature of less than 700 K.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1604  
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Author Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Wang, Z.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Waldman, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Gershenzon, E. M. url  openurl
  Title NbN hot electron bolometric mixer for 2.5 THz: the phonon cooled version Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 258-271  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract We describe an investigation of a NbN HEB mixer for 2.5 THz. NbN HEBs are phonon-cooled de-. vices which are expected, according to theory, to achieve up to 10 GHz IF conversion gain bandwidth. We have developed an antenna coupled device using a log-periodic antenna and a silicon lens. We have demon- strated that sufficient LO power can be coupled to the device in order to bring it to the optimum mixer oper- ating point. The LO power required is less than 1 microwatts as measured directly at the device. We also describe the impedance characteristics of NbN devices and compare them with theory. The experimental results agree with theory except for the imaginary part of the impedance at very low frequencies as was demonstrated by other groups.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1605  
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Author Goltsman, Gregory N.; Vachtomin, Yuriy B.; Antipov, Sergey V.; Finkel, Matvey I.; Maslennikov, Sergey N.; Polyakov, Stanislav L.; Svechnikov, Sergey I.; Kaurova, Natalia S.; Grishina, Elisaveta V.; Voronov, Boris M. url  openurl
  Title Low-noise NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers for terahertz heterodyne receivers Type Conference Article
  Year 2005 Publication Proc. 9-th WMSCI Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. 9-th WMSCI  
  Volume 9 Issue Pages 154-159  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher International Institute of Informatics and Systemics Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 547  
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Author Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baryshev, A. M.; Barends, R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Callaos, N. url  isbn
openurl 
  Title Twin-slot antenna coupled NbN hot electron bolometer mixers for space applications Type Conference Article
  Year 2005 Publication Proc. 9-th WMSCI Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. 9-th WMSCI  
  Volume 9 Issue Pages 148-153  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher International Institute of Informatics and Systemics Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 9806560639, 9789806560635 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference 9th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1480  
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Author Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Jian, H.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Dickinson, J.; Waldman, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. url  openurl
  Title Measured results for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at 0.6-0.75 THz, 1.56 THz, and 2.5 THz Type Conference Article
  Year 1998 Publication Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 105-114  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1587  
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Author Svechnikov, S.; Verevkin, A.; Voronov, B.; Menschikov, E.; Gershenzon, E.; Gol'tsman, G. url  openurl
  Title Quasioptical phonon-cooled NbN hot electron bolometer mixers at 0.5-1.1 THz Type Conference Article
  Year 1998 Publication Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 45-51  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract The noise performance of a receiver incorporating spiral antenna coupled NbN phonon-cooled superconducting hot electron bolometric mixer is measured from 450 GHz to 1200 GHz. The mixer element is thin (thickness nm) NbN 1.5 pm wide and 0.2 i.um long film fabricated by lift-off e-beam lithography on high-resistive silicon substrate. The noise of the receiver temperature is 1000 K at 800-900 GHz, 1200 K at 950 GHz, and 1600 K at 1.08 THz. The required (absorbed) local-oscillator power is —20 nW.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1586  
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Author Gousev, Yu. P.; Olsson, H. K.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. url  openurl
  Title NbN hot-electron mixer at radiation frequencies between 0.9 THz and 1.2 THz Type Conference Article
  Year 1998 Publication Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 121-129  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract We report on noise temperature measurements for a NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron mixer at radiation frequencies between 0.9 THz and 1.2 THz. Radiation was coupled to the mixer, placed in a vacuum chamber of He cryostat, by means of a planar spiral antenna and a Si immersion lens. A backward-wave oscillator, tunable throughout the spectral range, delivered an output power of few 1.1W that was enough for optimum operation of the mixer. At 4.2 K ambient temperature and 1.025 THz radiation frequency, we obtained a receiver noise temperature of 1550 K despite of using a relatively noisy room-temperature amplifier at the intermediate frequency port. The noise temperature was fairly constant throughout the entire operation range and for intermediate frequencies from 1 GHz to 2 GHz.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1588  
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Author Yazoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Lipatov, A.; Svechnikov, S.; Gershenzon, E. url  openurl
  Title Quasioptical NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers with low optimal local oscillator power Type Conference Article
  Year 1998 Publication Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 131-140  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract In this paper, the noise perform.ance of NIN based phonon-cooled Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixers is investigated in the 0.55-1.1 THz frequency range. The best results of the DSB noise temperature are: 500 K at 640 GHz, 600 K at 750 GHz, 850 K at 910 GHz and 1250 K at 1.1 THz. The water vapor in the signal path causes a significant contribution to the measured noise temperature around 1.1 THz. The required LO power is typically about 60 nW. The frequency response of the spiral antenna+lens system is measured using a Fourier Transform Spectrometer with the HEB operating in a detector mode.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1589  
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Author Il'in, K. S.; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Currie, M.; Sobolewski, R. url  openurl
  Title Comparative study of the bandwidth of phonon-cooled NbN hot-electron bolometers in submillimeter and optical wavelength ranges Type Conference Article
  Year 1998 Publication Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 323-330  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract We report the results of the bandwidth measurements of NbN hot-electron bolometers, perfomied in the terahertz frequency domain at 140 GHz and 660 GHz and in time domain in the optical range at the wavelength of 395 nm.. Our studies were done on 3.5-nm-thick NbN films evaporated on sapphire substrates and patterned into ilin-size microbridges. In order to measure the gain bandwidth, we used two identical BWOs (140 or 660 GHz), one functioning as a local oscillator and the other as a signal source. The bandwidth we achieved was 3.5-4 GHz at 4.2 K with the optimal LO and DC biases. Time-domain measurements with a resolution below 300 fs were performed using an electro-optic sampling system, in the temperature range between 4.2 K to 9 K at various values of the bias current and optical power. The obtained response time of the NbN hot-electron bolometer to —100- fs-wide Ti:sapphire laser pulses was about 27 ps, what corresponds to the 5.9 GHz gain bandwidth.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1590  
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Author Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Birk, Manfred; Krocka, Michael; Mair, Ulrich; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B. url  openurl
  Title Terahertz heterodyne receiver with a hot-electron bolometer mixer Type Conference Article
  Year 2002 Publication Proc. Far-IR, Sub-mm, and mm Detector Technology Workshop Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. Far-IR, Sub-mm, and mm Detector Technology Workshop  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract During the past decade major advances have been made regarding low noise mixers for terahertz (THz) heterodyne receivers. State of the art hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers have noise temperatures close to the quantum limit and require less than a µW power from the local oscillator (LO). The technology is now at a point where the performance of a practical receiver employing such mixer, rather than the figures of merit of the mixer itself, are of major concern. We have incorporated a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer in a 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver and investigated the performance of the receiver. This yields important information for the development of heterodyne receivers such as GREAT (German receiver for astronomy at THz frequencies aboard SOFIA)[1] and TELIS (Terahertz limb sounder), a balloon borne heterodyne receiver for atmospheric research [2]. Both are currently under development at DLR.  
  Address Monterey, CA, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor Wold, J.; Davidson, J.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes 4 pages; Unconfirmed but cited in https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/1622/1/bedorf.pdf; There is a Program of the Workshop: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/7411055/far-ir-submm-mm-detector-technology-workshop-sofia-usra (there is no title of this article in the Program); There is also identical publication in Proc. ISSTT (Serial: 332, “A broadband terahertz heterodyne receiver with an NbN HEB mixer”). Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1829  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. url  openurl
  Title NbN hot electron bolometer mixers with superior performance for space applications Type Conference Article
  Year 2004 Publication Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics  
  Volume Issue Pages 11-17  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, applications  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Noordwijk Editor Armandillo, E.; Leone, B.  
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  Area Expedition Conference International workshop on low temperature electronics- WOLTE 6 - Noordwijk  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1496  
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Author Gol'tsman, G.; Maslennikov, S.; Finkel, M.; Antipov, S.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Polyakov, S.; Vachtomin, Y.; Svechnikov, S.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Nanostructured ultrathin NbN film as a terahertz hot-electron bolometer mixer Type Conference Article
  Year 2006 Publication Proc. MRS Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. MRS  
  Volume 935 Issue Pages 210 (1 to 6)  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract Planar spiral antenna coupled and directly lens coupled NbN HEB mixer structures are studied. An additional MgO buffer layer between the superconducting film and Si substrate is introduced. The buffer layer enables us to increase the gain bandwidth of a HEB mixer due to better acoustic transparency. The gain bandwidth is widened as NbN film thickness decreases and amounts to 5.2 GHz. The noise temperature of antenna coupled mixer is 1300 and 3100 K at 2.5 and 3.8 THz respectively. The structure and composition of NbN films is investigated by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy methods. Noise performance degradation at LO frequencies more than 3 THz is due to the use of a planar antenna and signal loss in contacts between the antenna and the sensitive NbN bridge. The mixer is reconfigured for operation at higher frequencies in a manner that receiver’s noise temperature is only 2300 K (3 times of quantum limit) at LO frequency of 30 THz.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0272-9172 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1440  
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Author Jiang, L.; Zhang, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. H.; Li, J.; Shi, S. C.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Kaurova, N. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Characterization of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer Type Conference Article
  Year 2005 Publication Proc. PIERS Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. PIERS  
  Volume 1 Issue 5 Pages 587-590  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract In this paper, we report the performance of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB (hot electron bolome-ter) mixer measured at 500 GHz. The quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB mixer is cryogenically cooled bya 4-K close-cycled refrigerator. Its receiver noise temperature and conversion gain are thoroughly investigatedfor different LO pumping levels and dc biases. The lowest receiver noise temperature is found to be approxi-mately 1200 K, and reduced to about 445 K after correcting theloss of the measurement system. The stabilityof the mixer’s IF output power is also demonstrated.  
  Address Hangzhou, China  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1931-7360 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1482  
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