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Author Voevodin, E. I.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G. url  openurl
  Title Energy-spectrum of shallow acceptors in Ge deformed strongly by a uniaxial pressure Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Sov. Phys. and Technics of Semiconductors Abbreviated Journal (down) Sov. Phys. and Technics of Semiconductors  
  Volume 23 Issue 8 Pages 843-846  
  Keywords Ge, crystallography  
  Abstract Проведены исследования спектров фототермической ионизации мелких акцепторов (В, Аl) в Ge, предельно сжатом вдоль кристаллографической оси [100]. Из данных измерений с учетом теории построен энергетический спектр примесей. Показано, что энергии большого числа уровней четных и нечетных состояний хорошо соответствуют расчету, выполненному для примесей в анизотропном полупроводнике с параметром анизотропии γ=m∗⊥/m∗∥>1.  
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  Notes Энергетический спектр мелких акцепторов в сильно одноосно деформированном Ge Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1692  
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Author Shangina, E. L.; Smirnov, K. V.; Morozov, D. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A. A.; Toropov, A. I.; Mauskopf, P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Concentration dependence of energy relaxation time in AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions: direct measurements Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Semicond. Sci. Technol. Abbreviated Journal (down) Semicond. Sci. Technol.  
  Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 025013  
  Keywords AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions  
  Abstract We present measurements of the energy relaxation time, τε, of electrons in a single heterojunction in a quasi-equilibrium state using microwave time-resolved spectroscopy at 4.2 K. We find the relaxation time has a power-law dependence on the carrier density of the two-dimensional electron gas, τε∝nγs with γ = 0.40 ± 0.02 for values of the carrier density, ns, from 1.6 × 1011 to 6.6 × 1011cm−2. The results are in good agreement with predictions taking into account the scattering of the carriers by both piezoelectric and deformation potential acoustic phonons. We compare these results with indirect measurements of the energy relaxation time from energy loss measurements involving Joule heating of the electron gas.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0268-1242 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1215  
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Author Morozov, D. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Lyakhov, V. A.; Goltsman, G. N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title A millimeter-submillimeter phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer based on two-dimensional electron gas in an AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Semicond. Abbreviated Journal (down) Semicond.  
  Volume 39 Issue 9 Pages 1082-1086  
  Keywords 2D electron gas, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, mixers  
  Abstract Experimental results obtained by studying the main characteristics of a millimeter-submillimeter wave mixer based on the hot-electron effect in a two-dimensional electron gas in a AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure with a phonon-scattering cooling mechanism for charge carriers are reported. The gain bandwidth of the mixer is 4 GHz, the internal conversion losses are 13 dB, and the optimum local-oscillator power is 0.5 μW (for a mixer area of 1 μm2). It is shown that a millimeter-submillimeter-wave receiver with a noise temperature of 1900 K can be developed on the basis of a AlGaAs/GaAs mixer. This mixer also appears to be promising for use in array receiver elements.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1063-7826 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1463  
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Author Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P. doi  openurl
  Title Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors with high internal quantum efficiency at telecom wavelengths Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Sci. Rep. Abbreviated Journal (down) Sci. Rep.  
  Volume 5 Issue Pages 10941 (1 to 11)  
  Keywords optical waveguides; waveguide integrated SSPD; waveguide SSPD; nanophotonics  
  Abstract Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) provide high efficiency for detecting individual photons while keeping dark counts and timing jitter minimal. Besides superior detection performance over a broad optical bandwidth, compatibility with an integrated optical platform is a crucial requirement for applications in emerging quantum photonic technologies. Here we present efficiencies close to unity at 1550nm wavelength. This allows for the SNSPDs to be operated at bias currents far below the critical current where unwanted dark count events reach milli-Hz levels while on-chip detection efficiencies above 70% are maintained. The measured dark count rates correspond to noiseequivalent powers in the 10–19W/Hz–1/2 range and the timing jitter is as low as 35ps. Our detectors are fully scalable and interface directly with waveguide-based optical platforms.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes PMID:26061283; PMCID:PMC4462017 Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ Serial 946  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Korneev, A. A.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Larionov, P. A.; Manova, N. N.; Florya, I. N.; Trifonov, A. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Smirnov, K. V.; Semenov, A. V.; Chulkova, G. M.; Goltsman, G. N. url  openurl
  Title IR single-photon receiver based on ultrathin NbN superconducting film Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Rus. J. Radio Electron. Abbreviated Journal (down) Rus. J. Radio Electron.  
  Volume Issue 5 Pages  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We present our recent results in research and development of superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). We achieved the following performance improvement: first, we developed and characterized SSPD integrated in optical cavity and enabling its illumination from the face side, not through the substrate, second, we improved the quantum efficiency of the SSPD at around 3 μm wavelength by reduction of the strip width to 40 nm, and, finally, we improved the detection efficiency of the SSPD-based single-photon receiver system up to 20% at 1550 nm and extended its wavelength range beyond 1800 nm by the usage of the fluoride ZBLAN fibres.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 8 pages Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ korneevir Serial 1043  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Smirnov, K.; Vachtomin, Y.; Divochiy, A.; Antipov, A.; Goltsman, G. url  openurl
  Title The limitation of noise equivalent power by background radiation for infrared superconducting single photon detectors coupled to standard single mode optical fibers Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Rus. J. Radio Electron. Abbreviated Journal (down) Rus. J. Radio Electron.  
  Volume Issue 5 Pages  
  Keywords NbN SSPD  
  Abstract We investigated the minimum level of the dark count rates and noise equivalent power of superconducting single photon detectors coupled to standard single mode optical fibers. We found that background radiation limits the minimum level of the dark count rates. We also proposed the effective method for reducing background radiation out of the required spectral range of the detector. Measured noise equivalent power of detector reaches 8.9×10-19 W×Hz1/2 at a wavelength of 1.55 μm and quantum efficiency 35%.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 14 pages Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1813  
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Author Semenov, A. V.; Devyatov, I. A.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Melnikov, A. P. url  openurl
  Title Derivation of expression for thermodynamic potential of “dirty” superconductor Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Rus. J. Radio Electron. Abbreviated Journal (down) Rus. J. Radio Electron.  
  Volume Issue 4 Pages  
  Keywords dirty superconductor, Usadel theory, thermodynamic potential  
  Abstract We derive a formula for thermodynamic potential of dirty superconductor which express it via isotropic quasiclassical Green functions of Usadel theory. Our result allows unify description of dynamic processes and fluctuations in superconducting nano-electronic devices.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 7 pages Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1824  
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Author Tretyakov, I. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Kardakova, A. I.; Seliverstov, S. V.; Petrenko, D. V.; Goltsman, G. N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Hot-electron bolometer mixers with in situ contacts Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Radiophys. Quant. Electron. Abbreviated Journal (down) Radiophys. Quant. Electron.  
  Volume 56 Issue 8-9 Pages 591-598  
  Keywords HEB mixers  
  Abstract We report on the latest achievements in the development of superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers for terahertz superheterodyne receivers. We consider application ranges of such receivers and requirements for the basic characteristics of the mixers. Main features of the mixers, such as noise temperature, gain bandwidth, noise bandwidth, and required local-oscillator power, have been improved significantly over the past few years due to intense research work, both in terms of the element fabrication quality and in terms of understanding of the physics of the processes occurring in the HEB mixers. Contacts between the superconducting bridge and the planar antenna play a key role in the mixer operation. Improvement of the quality of the contacts leads simultaneously to a decrease in the noise temperature and an increase in the gain bandwidth of a mixer.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0033-8443 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1170  
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Author Tretyakov, I. V.; Anfertyev, V. A.; Revin, L. S.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Vaks, V. L.; Goltsman, G. N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Sensitivity and resolution of a heterodyne receiver based on the NbN HEB mixer with a quantum-cascade laser as a local oscillator Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Radiophys. Quant. Electron. Abbreviated Journal (down) Radiophys. Quant. Electron.  
  Volume 60 Issue 12 Pages 988-992  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixer  
  Abstract We present the results of experimental studies of the basic characteristics and operation features of a terahertz heterodyne detector based on the superconducting NbN HEB mixer and a quantum cascade laser as a local oscillator operating at a frequency of 2.02 THz. The measured noise temperature of such a mixer amounted to 1500 K. The spectral resolution of the detector is determined by the width of the local-oscillator spectral line whose measured value does not exceed 1 MHz. The quantum-cascade laser could be linearly tuned with respect to frequency with the coefficient 7.2 MHz/mA within the limits of the current oscillation bandwidth.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0033-8443 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1307  
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Author Seliverstov, S. V.; Anfertyev, V. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Ozheredov, I. A.; Solyankin, P. M.; Revin, L. S.; Vaks, V. L.; Rusova, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Shkurinov, A. P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Terahertz heterodyne receiver with an electron-heating mixer and a heterodyne based on the quantum-cascade laser Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Radiophys. Quant. Electron. Abbreviated Journal (down) Radiophys. Quant. Electron.  
  Volume 60 Issue 7 Pages 518-524  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixer, QCL  
  Abstract We study characteristics of the laboratory prototype of a terahertz heterodyne receiver with an electron-heating mixer and a heterodyne based on the quantum-cascade laser. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility to use this receiver as a basis for creation of a high-sensitivity terahertz spectrometer, which can be used in many basic and practical applications. A significant advantage of this receiver will be the possibility of placing the mixer and heterodyne in the same cryostat, which will reduce the device dimensions considerably. The obtained experimental results are analyzed, and methods of optimizing the parameters of the receiver are proposed.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0033-8443 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1322  
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Author Ozhegov, R. V.; Gorshkov, K. N.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kiselev, O. S.; Kinev, N. V.; Filippenko, L. V.; Koshelets, V. P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Terahertz imaging system based on superconducting heterodyne integrated receiver Type Conference Article
  Year 2014 Publication Proc. THz and Security Applications Abbreviated Journal (down) Proc. THz and Security Applications  
  Volume Issue Pages 113-125  
  Keywords SIS mixer, SIR, THz imaging  
  Abstract The development of terahertz imaging instruments for security systems is on the cutting edge of terahertz technology. We are developing a THz imaging system based on a superconducting integrated receiver (SIR). An SIR is a new type of heterodyne receiver based on an SIS mixer integrated with a flux-flow oscillator (FFO) and a harmonic mixer which is used for phase-locking the FFO. Employing an SIR in an imaging system means building an entirely new instrument with many advantages compared to traditional systems.

In this project we propose a prototype THz imaging system using an 1 pixel SIR and 2D scanner. At a local oscillator frequency of 500 GHz the best noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of the SIR is 10 mK at an integration time of 1 s and a detection bandwidth of 4 GHz. The scanner consists of two rotating flat mirrors placed in front of the antenna consisting of a spherical primary reflector and an aspherical secondary reflector. The diameter of the primary reflector is 0.3 m. The operating frequency of the imaging system is 600 GHz, the frame rate is 0.1 FPS, the scanning area is 0.5 × 0.5 m2, the image resolution is 50 × 50 pixels, the distance from an object to the scanner was 3 m. We have obtained THz images with a spatial resolution of 8 mm and a NETD of less than 2 K.		  
  Address  
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  Publisher Springer Netherlands Place of Publication Dordrecht Editor Corsi, C.; Sizov, F.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-94-017-8828-1 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1368  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Marsili, F.; Bitauld, D.; Fiore, A.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Tarkhov, M.; Minaeva, O.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Gaggero, A.; Leoni, R.; Mattioli, F.; Lagoudakis, K.; Benkhaoul, M.; Levy, F.; Goltsman, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Superconducting photon number resolving counter for near infrared applications Type Conference Article
  Year 2008 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal (down) Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 7138 Issue Pages 713828 (1 to 5)  
  Keywords PNR SSPD; SNSPD; Nanowire superconducting single-photon detector, ultrathin NbN film, infrared  
  Abstract We present a novel concept of photon number resolving detector based on 120-nm-wide superconducting stripes made of 4-nm-thick NbN film and connected in parallel (PNR-SSPD). The detector consisting of 5 strips demonstrate a capability to resolve up to 4 photons absorbed simultaneously with the single-photon quantum efficiency of 2.5% and negligibly low dark count rate.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Spie Place of Publication Editor Tománek, P.; Senderáková, D.; Hrabovský, M.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number 10.1117/12.818079 Serial 1241  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Ozhegov, R.; Elezov, M.; Kurochkin, Y.; Kurochkin, V.; Divochiy, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vachtomin, Y.; Smirnov, K.; Goltsman, G. doi  openurl
  Title Quantum key distribution over 300 Type Conference Article
  Year 2014 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal (down) Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 9440 Issue Pages 1F (1 to 9)  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD applicatins, quantum key distribution, QKD  
  Abstract We discuss the possibility of polarization state reconstruction and measurement over 302 km by Superconducting Single- Photon Detectors (SSPDs). Because of the excellent characteristics and the possibility to be effectively coupled to singlemode optical fiber many applications of the SSPD have already been reported. The most impressive one is the quantum key distribution (QKD) over 250 km distance. This demonstration shows further possibilities for the improvement of the characteristics of quantum-cryptographic systems such as increasing the bit rate and the quantum channel length, and decreasing the quantum bit error rate (QBER). This improvement is possible because SSPDs have the best characteristics in comparison with other single-photon detectors. We have demonstrated the possibility of polarization state reconstruction and measurement over 302.5 km with superconducting single-photon detectors. The advantage of an autocompensating optical scheme, also known as “plugandplay” for quantum key distribution, is high stability in the presence of distortions along the line. To increase the distance of quantum key distribution with this optical scheme we implement the superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD). At the 5 MHz pulse repetition frequency and the average photon number equal to 0.4 we measured a 33 bit/s quantum key generation for a 101.7 km single mode ber quantum channel. The extremely low SSPD dark count rate allowed us to keep QBER at 1.6% level.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Orlikovsky, A. A.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ ozhegov2014quantum Serial 1048  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Semenov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ozhegov, R.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Coherent detection of weak signals with superconducting nanowire single photon detector at the telecommunication wavelength Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal (down) Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 10229 Issue Pages 0G (1 to 12)  
  Keywords SSPD mixer, SNSPD, coherent detection, weak signal detection, superconducting nanostructures  
  Abstract Achievement of the ultimate sensitivity along with a high spectral resolution is one of the frequently addressed problems, as the complication of the applied and fundamental scientific tasks being explored is growing up gradually. In our work, we have investigated performance of a superconducting nanowire photon-counting detector operating in the coherent mode for detection of weak signals at the telecommunication wavelength. Quantum-noise limited sensitivity of the detector was ensured by the nature of the photon-counting detection and restricted by the quantum efficiency of the detector only. Spectral resolution given by the heterodyne technique and was defined by the linewidth and stability of the Local Oscillator (LO). Response bandwidth was found to coincide with the detector’s pulse width, which, in turn, could be controlled by the nanowire length. In addition, the system noise bandwidth was shown to be governed by the electronics/lab equipment, and the detector noise bandwidth is predicted to depend on its jitter. As have been demonstrated, a very small amount of the LO power (of the order of a few picowatts down to hundreds of femtowatts) was required for sufficient detection of the test signal, and eventual optimization could lead to further reduction of the LO power required, which would perfectly suit for the foreseen development of receiver matrices and the need for detection of ultra-low signals at a level of less-than-one-photon per second.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Spie Place of Publication Editor Prochazka, I.; Sobolewski, R.; James, R.B.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Photon counting applications  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number 10.1117/12.2267724 Serial 1201  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Spectral sensitivity of narrow strip NbN superconducting single-photon detector Type Conference Article
  Year 2011 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal (down) Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 8072 Issue Pages 80720G (1 to 9)  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract Superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) is patterned from 4-nm-thick NbN film deposited on sapphire substrate as a 100-nm-wide strip. Due to its high detection efficiency, low dark counts, and picosecond timing jitter SSPD has become a competitor to the InGaAs avalanche photodiodes at 1550 nm and longer wavelengths. Although the SSPD is operated at liquid helium temperature its efficient single-mode fibre coupling enabled its usage in many applications ranging from single-photon sources research to quantum cryptography. In our strive to increase the detection efficiency at 1550 nm and longer wavelengths we developed and fabricated SSPD with the strip almost twice narrower compared to the standard 100 nm. To increase the voltage response of the device we utilized cascade switching mechanism: we connected 50-nm-wide and 10-μm-long strips in parallel covering the area of 10 μmx10 μm. Absorption of a photon breaks the superconductivity in a strip leading to the bias current redistribution between other strips followed their cascade switching. As the total current of all the strips about is 1 mA by the order of magnitude the response voltage of such an SSPD is several times higher compared to the traditional meander-shaped SSPDs. In middle infrared (about 3 μm wavelength) these devices have the detection efficiency several times higher compared to the traditional SSPDs.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Fiurásek, J.; Prochazka, I.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Photon Counting Applications, Quantum Optics, and Quantum Information Transfer and Processing III  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1387  
Permanent link to this record
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