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| Author | Terai, Hirotaka; Miki, Shigehito; Yamashita, Taro; Makise, Kazumasa; Wang, Zhen | ||||
| Title | Demonstration of single-flux-quantum readout operation for superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal  |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 97 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 3 |
| Keywords | SSPD | ||||
| Abstract | A readout circuit using superconducting single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuits has been developed to realize an independently addressable array of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). We tested the SFQ readout circuits by connecting with SSPDs. The error rates of readout circuits were below 10–5 for input signal amplitude of greater than 18.2 μA. Detection efficiencies (DEs) for single-photon incidents were measured both with and without the connection of a readout circuit. The observed DEs traced almost the same curves regardless of the connection of the readout circuit, except that the SSPD is likely to latch by connecting the readout circuit. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 654 | ||
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| Author | Gaggero, A.; Nejad, S. Jahanmiri; Marsili, F.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Bitauld, D.; Sahin, D.; Hamhuis, G. J.; Nötzel, R.; Sanjines, R.; Fiore, A. | ||||
| Title | Nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors on GaAs for integrated quantum photonic applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 97 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 3 |
| Keywords | SSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We demonstrate efficient nanowire superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs) based on NbN thin films grown on GaAs. NbN films ranging from 3 to 5 nm in thickness have been deposited by dc magnetron sputtering on GaAs substrates at 350 °C. These films show superconducting properties comparable to similar films grown on sapphire and MgO. In order to demonstrate the potential for monolithic integration, SSPDs were fabricated and measured on GaAs/AlAs Bragg mirrors, showing a clear cavity enhancement, with a peak quantum efficiency of 18.3% at λ = 1300 nm and T = 4.2 K. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 681 | ||
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| Author | Sprengers, J. P.; Gaggero, A.; Sahin, D.; Jahanmirinejad, S.; Frucci, G.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Beetz, J.; Lermer, M.; Kamp, M.; Höfling, S.; Sanjines, R.; Fiore A. | ||||
| Title | Waveguide superconducting single-photon detectors for integrated quantum photonic circuits | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 99 | Issue | 18 | Pages | 181110(1-3) |
| Keywords | optical waveguides, waveguide SSPD | ||||
| Abstract | The monolithic integration of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits, and single-photon detectors enables complex and scalable quantum photonic integrated circuits, for application in linear-optics quantum computing and quantum communications. Here, we demonstrate a key component of such a circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (~0%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (~0 ps), and response time in the ns range and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks, and modulators. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 847 | |||
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| Author | Inderbitzin, K.; Engel, A.; Schilling, A.; Il'in, K.; Siegel, M. | ||||
| Title | An ultra-fast superconducting Nb nanowire single-photon detector for soft x-rays | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. | |
| Volume | 101 | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, x-ray, Nb | ||||
| Abstract | Although superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are well studied regarding the detection of infrared/optical photons and keV-molecules, no studies on continuous x-ray photon counting by thick-film detectors have been reported so far. We fabricated a 100 nm thick niobium x-ray SNSPD (an X-SNSPD) and studied its detection capability of photons with keV-energies in continuous mode. The detector is capable to detect photons even at reduced bias currents of 0.4%, which is in sharp contrast to optical thin-film SNSPDs. No dark counts were recorded in extended measurement periods. Strikingly, the signal amplitude distribution depends significantly on the photon energy spectrum.VC |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ seleznev @ | Serial | 878 | ||
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| Author | Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
| Title | Waveguide-integrated single- and multi-photon detection at telecom wavelengths using superconducting nanowires | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 106 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 151101 (1 to 5) |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We investigate single- and multi-photon detection regimes of superconducting nanowire detectors embedded in silicon nitride nanophotonic circuits. At near-infrared wavelengths, simultaneous detection of up to three photons is observed for 120 nm wide nanowires biased far from the critical current, while narrow nanowires below 100 nm provide efficient single photon detection. A theoretical model is proposed to determine the different detection regimes and to calculate the corresponding internal quantum efficiency. The predicted saturation of the internal quantum efficiency in the single photon regime agrees well with plateau behavior observed at high bias currents. W. H. P. Pernice acknowledges support by the DFG Grant Nos. PE 1832/1-1 and PE 1832/1-2 and the Helmholtz society through Grant No. HIRG-0005. The Ph.D. education of O. Kahl is embedded in the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP). G. N. Goltsman acknowledges support by Russian Federation President Grant HШ-1918.2014.2 and Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Contract No.: RFMEFI58614X0007. A. Korneev acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 3.1846.2014/k. V. Kovalyuk acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 2327. We also acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the State of Baden-Württemberg through the DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) within subproject A6.4. We thank S. Kühn and S. Diewald for the help with device fabrication as well as B. Voronov and A. Shishkin for help with NbN thin film deposition and A. Semenov for helpful discussion about the detection mechanism of nanowire SSPD's. The authors declare no competing financial interests. |
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1211 | |||
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| Author | Elvira, D.; Michon, A.; Fain, B.; Patriarche, G.; Beaudoin, G.; Robert-Philip, I.; Vachtomin, Y.; Divochiy, A. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sagnes, I.; Beveratos, A. | ||||
| Title | Time-resolved spectroscopy of InAsP/InP(001) quantum dots emitting near 2 μm | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 97 | Issue | 13 | Pages | 131907 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, InAsP/InP quantum dots | ||||
| Abstract | By using superconducting single photon detectors, we perform time-resolved characterization of a small ensemble of InAsP/InP quantum dots grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy, emitting at wavelengths between 1.6 and 2.2 μm. We demonstrate that alloying phosphorus with InAs allows to shift the emission wavelength toward higher wavelengths, while keeping the high optical quality of these quantum dots at room temperature, with no decrease in their radiative lifetime. This work was partially supported by Russian Ministry of Science and Education: Federal State Program “Scientific and Educational Cadres of Innovative” state Contract Nos. 02.740.0228, 14.740.11.0343, 14.740.11.0269, and P931, and RFBR Project No. 09-02-12364. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1238 | |||
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| Author | Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lee, C.; Rockstuhl, C.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pernice, W. | ||||
| Title | Analysis of the detection response of waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors at high count rate | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 115 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 101104 |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, waveguide | ||||
| Abstract | Nanophotonic circuitry and superconducting nanowires have been successfully combined for detecting single photons, propagating in an integrated photonic circuit, with high efficiency and low noise and timing uncertainty. Waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) can nowadays be engineered to achieve subnanosecond recovery times and can potentially be adopted for applications requiring Gcps count rates. However, particular attention shall be paid to such an extreme count rate regime since artifacts in the detector functionality emerge. In particular, a count-rate dependent detection efficiency has been encountered that can compromise the accuracy of quantum detector tomography experiments. Here, we investigate the response of waveguide-integrated SNSPDs at high photon flux and identify the presence of parasitic currents due to the accumulation of charge in the readout electronics to cause the above-mentioned artifact in the detection efficiency. Our approach allows us to determine the maximum photon count rate at which the detector can be operated without adverse effects. Our findings are particularly important to avoid artifacts when applying SNSPDs for quantum tomography. We acknowledge support through ERC Consolidator Grant No. 724707 and from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through Project No. PE 1832/5-1,2, as well as funding by the Volkswagen Foundation. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 675745. V.K. and G.G. acknowledge support from the Russian Science Foundation Project No. 16-12-00045 (NbN film deposition and testing). A.V. acknowledges support from the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP). |
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1185 | |||
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| Author | Smirnov, K. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Sidorova, M. V.; Karpova, U. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Zotova, A. N.; Vodolazov, D. Y. | ||||
| Title | Rise time of voltage pulses in NbN superconducting single photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 109 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 052601 |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We have found experimentally that the rise time of voltage pulse in NbN superconducting single photon detectors increases nonlinearly with increasing the length of the detector L. The effect is connected with dependence of resistance of the detector Rn, which appears after photon absorption, on its kinetic inductance Lk and, hence, on the length of the detector. This conclusion is confirmed by our calculations in the framework of two temperature model. D.Yu.V. acknowledges the support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 15-42-02365). K.V.S. acknowledges the financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Contract No. 3.2655.2014/K). |
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1236 | |||
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| Author | Zinoni, C.; Alloing, B.; Li, L. H.; Marsili, F.; Fiore, A.; Lunghi, L.; Gerardino, A.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Erratum: “Single photon experiments at telecom wavelengths using nanowire superconducting detectors” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 031106 (2007)] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 96 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 089901 |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, erratum | ||||
| Abstract | A calculation error was made in the original publication of this letter. The error was in the calculation of the noise equivalent power (NEP) values for the avalanche photodiode detector (APD) and the superconducting single photon detector (SSPD), the incorrect values were plotted on the right axis in Fig. 1(b). The correct NEP values were calculated with the same equation reported in the original letter and the revised Fig. 1(b) is shown below. The other conclusions of the paper remain unaltered. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1395 | |||
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| Author | Zinoni, C.; Alloing, B.; Li, L. H.; Marsili, F.; Fiore, A.; Lunghi, L.; Gerardino, A.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Single-photon experiments at telecommunication wavelengths using nanowire superconducting detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 91 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 031106 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, APD | ||||
| Abstract | The authors report fiber-coupled superconducting single-photon detectors with specifications that exceed those of avalanche photodiodes, operating at telecommunication wavelength, in sensitivity, temporal resolution, and repetition frequency. The improved performance is demonstrated by measuring the intensity correlation function g(2)(τ) of single-photon states at 1300nm produced by single semiconductor quantum dots. This work was supported by Swiss National Foundation through the “Professeur borsier” and NCCR Quantum Photonics program, FP6 STREP “SINPHONIA” (Contract No. NMP4-CT-2005-16433), IP “QAP” (Contract No. 15848), NOE “ePIXnet,” and the Italian MIUR-FIRB program. |
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Erratum: 1395 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1396 | |||
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| Author | Ejrnaes, M.; Cristiano, R.; Quaranta, O.; Pagano, S.; Gaggero, A.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | A cascade switching superconducting single photon detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 91 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 262509 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, parallel-wire | ||||
| Abstract | We have realized superconducting single photon detectors with reduced inductance and increased signal pulse amplitude. The detectors are based on a parallel connection of ultrathin NbN nanowires with a common bias inductance. When properly biased, an absorbed photon induces a cascade switch of all the parallel wires generating a signal pulse amplitude of 2mV. The parallel wire configuration lowers the detector inductance and reduces the response time well below 1ns. This work was performed in the framework of the EU project “SINPHONIA” NMP4-CT-2005-016433. |
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1418 | |||
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| Author | Kerman, A. J.; Dauler, E. A.; Yang, J. K. W.; Rosfjord, K. M.; Anant, V.; Berggren, K. K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
| Title | Constriction-limited detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 90 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 101110 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We investigate the source of the large variations in the observed detection efficiencies of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors between many nominally identical devices. Through both electrical and optical measurements, we infer that these variations arise from “constrictions:” highly localized regions of the nanowires where the effective cross-sectional area for superconducting current is reduced. These constrictions limit the bias-current density to well below its critical value over the remainder of the wire, and thus prevent the detection efficiency from reaching the high values that occur in these devices when they are biased near the critical current density. This work is sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0002. |
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1433 | |||
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| Author | Słysz, W.; Węgrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Górska, M.; Zwiller, V.; Latta, C.; Bohi, P.; Milostnaya, I.; Minaeva, O.; Antipov, A.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Gol’tsman, G.; Pearlman, A.; Cross, A.; Komissarov, I.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Fiber-coupled single-photon detectors based on NbN superconducting nanostructures for practical quantum cryptography and photon-correlation studies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 88 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 261113 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We have fabricated and tested a two-channel single-photon detector system based on two fiber-coupled superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our best device reached the system quantum efficiency of 0.3% in the 1540-nm telecommunication wavelength with a fiber-to-detector coupling factor of about 30%. The photoresponse consisted of 2.5-ns-wide voltage pulses with a rise time of 250ps and timing jitter below 40ps. The overall system response time, measured as a second-order, photon cross-correlation function, was below 400ps. Our SSPDs operate at 4.2K inside a liquid-helium Dewar, but their optical fiber inputs and electrical outputs are at room temperature. Our two-channel detector system should find applications in practical quantum cryptography and in antibunching-type quantum correlation measurements. The authors would like to thank Dr. Marc Currie for his assistance in early time-resolved photoresponse measurements and Professor Atac Imamoglu for his support. This work was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science under Project No. 3 T11B 052 26 (Warsaw), RFBR 03-02-17697 and INTAS 03-51-4145 grants (Moscow), CRDF Grant No. RE2-2531-MO-03 (Moscow), RE2-2529-MO-03 (Moscow and Rochester), and US AFOSR FA9550-04-1-0123 (Rochester). Additional funding was provided by the grants from the MIT Lincoln Laboratory and BBN Technologies Corp. |
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1449 | |||
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| Author | Kerman, A. J.; Dauler, E. A.; Keicher, W. E.; Yang, J. K. W.; Berggren, K. K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B. | ||||
| Title | Kinetic-inductance-limited reset time of superconducting nanowire photon counters | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 88 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 111116 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We investigate the recovery of superconducting NbN-nanowire photon counters after detection of an optical pulse at a wavelength of 1550nm, and present a model that quantitatively accounts for our observations. The reset time is found to be limited by the large kinetic inductance of these nanowires, which forces a tradeoff between counting rate and either detection efficiency or active area. Devices of usable size and high detection efficiency are found to have reset times orders of magnitude longer than their intrinsic photoresponse time. The authors acknowledge D. Oates and W. Oliver (MIT Lincoln Laboratory), S.W. Nam, A. Miller, and R. Hadfield (NIST) and R. Sobolewski, A. Pearlman, and A. Verevkin (University of Rochester) for helpful discussions and technical assistance. This work made use of MIT’s shared scanning-electron-beam-lithography facility in the Research Laboratory of Electronics. This work is sponsored by the United States Air Force under Air Force Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, recommendations and conclusions are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. |
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1453 | |||
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| Author | Gol’tsman, G. N.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Lipatov, A.; Semenov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Dzardanov, A.; Williams, C.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Picosecond superconducting single-photon optical detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 79 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 705-707 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We experimentally demonstrate a supercurrent-assisted, hotspot-formation mechanism for ultrafast detection and counting of visible and infrared photons. A photon-induced hotspot leads to a temporary formation of a resistive barrier across the superconducting sensor strip and results in an easily measurable voltage pulse. Subsequent hotspot healing in ∼30 ps time frame, restores the superconductivity (zero-voltage state), and the detector is ready to register another photon. Our device consists of an ultrathin, very narrow NbN strip, maintained at 4.2 K and current-biased close to the critical current. It exhibits an experimentally measured quantum efficiency of ∼20% for 0.81 μm wavelength photons and negligible dark counts. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1543 | |||
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