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Author |
Schwaab, G.W.; Auen, K.; Bruendermann, E.; Feinaeugle, R.; Gol’tsman, G.N.; Huebers, H.-W.; Krabbe, A.; Roeser, H.-P.; Sirmain, G. |
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Title |
2- to 6-THz heterodyne receiver array for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
3357 |
Issue |
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Pages |
85-96 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, applications, stratospheric observatory, airborne |
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Abstract |
The Institute of Space Sensor Technology of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is developing a heterodyne array receiver for the frequency range 2 to 6 THz for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). Key science issues in that frequency range are the observation of lines of atoms [e.g. (OI)], ions [e.g. (CII), (NII)], and molecules (e.g. OH, HD, CO) with high spectral resolution to study the dynamics and evolution of galactic and extragalactic objects. Long term goal is the development of an integrated array heterodyne receiver with superconducting hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers and p-type Ge or Si lasers as local oscillators. The first generation receiver will be composed of HEB mixers in a 2 pixel 2 polarization array which will be pumped by a gas laser local oscillator. Improved Schottky diode mixers are the backup solution for the HEBs. The state of the art of HEB mixer and p-type Ge laser technology are described as well as possible improvements in the ’conventional’ optically pumped far-infrared laser and Schottky diode mixer technology. Finally, the frequency coverage of the first generation heterodyne receiver for some important astronomical transitions is discussed. The expected sensitivity is compared to line fluxes measured by the ISO satellite. |
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SPIE |
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Phillips, T.G. |
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Advanced Technology MMW, Radio, and Terahertz Telescopes |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1583 |
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Author |
Karasik, B.S.; Lindgren, M.; Zorin, M.A.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Trifonov, V.V.; Gol’tsman, G.N.; Gershenzon, E.M. |
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Title |
Picosecond detection and broadband mixing of near-infrared radiation by YBaCuO films |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
2159 |
Issue |
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Pages |
68-76 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB mixer |
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Abstract |
Nonequilibrium picosecond and bolometric responses of YBCO films 500 angstroms thick patterned into 20 X 20 micrometers 2 size structure to 17 ps laser pulses and modulated radiation of GaAs and CO2 lasers have been studied. The modulation frequencies up to 10 GHz for GaAs laser and up to 1 GHz for CO2 were attained. The use of small radiation power (1 – 10 mW/cm2 for cw radiation and 10 – 100 nJ/cm2 for pulse radiation) in combination with high sensitive read-out system made possible to avoid any non-linear transient processes caused by an overheating of sample above a critical temperature or S-N switching enhanced by an intense radiation. Responses due to the change of kinetic inductance were believed to be negligible. The only signals observed were caused by a small change of the film resistance either in the resistive state created by a bias current or in the normal state. The data obtained by means of pulse and modulation techniques are in agreement. The responsivity about 1 V/W was measured at 1 GHz modulation frequency both for 0.85 micrometers and 10.6 micrometers wavelengths. The sensitivity of high-Tc fast wideband infrared detector is discussed. |
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Spie |
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Nahum, M.; Villegier, J.-C. |
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High-Temperature Superconducting Detectors: Bolometric and Nonbolometric |
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Serial |
1640 |
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Author |
Gol’tsman, G. N.; Kouminov, P. B.; Goghidze, I. G.; Karasik, B. S.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Nonbolometric and fast bolometric responses of YBaCuO thin films in superconducting, resistive, and normal states |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
2159 |
Issue |
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Pages |
81-86 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB, nonbolornetric |
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Abstract |
The transient voltage response in both epitaxial and granular YBaCuO thin films to 20 ps pulses of YAG:Nd laser radiation with 0.63 micrometers and 1.54 micrometers was studied. In normal and resistive states both types of films demonstrate two components: nonequilibrium picosecond component and following bolometric nanosecond. The normalized amplitudes are almost the same for all films. In superconducting state we observed a kinetic inductive response and two-component shape after integration. The normalized amplitude of the response in granular films is up to several orders of magnitude larger than in epitaxial films. We interpret the nonequilibrium response in terms of a suppression of order parameter by the excess of quasiparticles followed by the change of resistance in normal and resistive states or kinetic inductance in superconducting state. The sharp rise of inductive response in granular films is explained both by a diminishing of the crossection for current percolation through the disordered network os Josephson weak links and by a decrease of condensate density in neighboring regions. |
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SPIE |
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Nahum, M.; Villegier, J.-C. |
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High-Temperature Superconducting Detectors: Bolometric and Nonbolometric |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1641 |
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Author |
Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
High speed hot-electron superconducting bolometer |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
2104 |
Issue |
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Pages |
181-182 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEb, Nb, Al |
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Abstract |
Physical limitation of response time of a superconducting bolometer as well as the nature of non-equilibrium detection of radiation have been investigated for Al, Nb and NbN thin films in spectral range from submillimeter to near-infraredwavelengths [1,2]. In the case of ideal heat removal from the film with the f_‘. 100A thickness the detection mechanism is an electron heating effect that is not selective to radiation wavelength in a very broad range. The response time ofan electron heating bolometer is determined by an electron-phonon interaction time. This time is of about 10 ns, 0.5 ns and 20 ps for Al, Nb, and NbN correspondingly near the critical temperature of the superconducting film. Thesensitive area of the bolometer consists of a number of narrow strips (with awidth of 1µm) connected in parallel to contact pads; these pads together witha sapphire substrate and a ground plate represent the microstrip transmissionline with an impedance of 50 Q. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Birch, J.R.; Parker, T.J. |
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Conference |
18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves |
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Notes |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1652 |
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Author |
Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Zorin, M.; Trifonov, V.; Karasik, B.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Lindgren, M. |
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Title |
Picosecond detection of infrared radiation with YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
2104 |
Issue |
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Pages |
183-184 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB detectors |
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Abstract |
Picosecond nonequilibrium and slow bolometric responses from a patterned high-Tc superconducting (HTS) film due toinfrared radiation were investigated using both modulation and pulse techniques. Measurements at A, = 0.85 [tm andA, = 10.6 lim have shown a similar behaviour of the response vs modulation frequency f. The responsivity of the HTS filmbased detector at f ..- 0.6-1 GHz is estimated to be 10-2 – 10-1 V/W. |
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Spie |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Birch, J.R.; Parker, T.J. |
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18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves |
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Notes |
https://inis.iaea.org/search/searchsinglerecord.aspx?recordsFor=SingleRecord&RN=25034664 |
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no |
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Call Number |
10.1117/12.2298489 |
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1653 |
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Author |
Ozhegov, R. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Ultrafast superconducting bolometer receivers for terahertz applications |
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Abstract |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Proc. PIERS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. PIERS |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
867 |
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Keywords |
HEB |
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Abstract |
The research by the group of Moscow State Pedagogical University into the hot-electron phenomena in thin superconducting films has led to the development of new types of detectors and their use both in fundamental and applied studies. In this paper, we present the results of testing the terahertz HEB receiver systems based on ultrathin (∼ 4 nm) NbN and MoRe detectors with a response time of 50 ps and 1 ns, respectively. We have developed three types of devices which differ in the way a terahertz signal is coupled to the detector and cover the following ranges: 0.3–3 THz, 0.1–30 THz and 25–70 THz. In the case of the receiving system optimized for 0.3–3 THz, the sensitive element (a strip of asuperconductor with planar dimensions of 0.2μm (length) by 1.7μm (width)) was integrated witha planar broadband log-spiral antenna. For additional focusing ofthe incident radiation a silicon hyperhemispherical lens was used. For the 0.1–30 THz receivingsystem, the sensitive element was patterned as parallel strips(2μm wide each) filling an area of 500×500μm2with a filling factor of 0.5. In the receivingsystem of this type we used direct coupling of the incident radiation to the sensitive element. Inthe 25–70 THz range (detector type 2/2a in Table 1) we used a square-shaped superconductingdetector with planar dimensions of 10×10μm2. Incident radiation was coupled to the detectorwith the use of a germanium hyperhemispherical lens.The response time of the above receiving systems is determined by the cooling rate of the hotelectrons in the film. That depends on the electron-phonon interaction time, which is less forultrathin NbN than in MoRe. |
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Moscow, Russia |
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The Electromagnetics Academy |
Place of Publication |
777 Concord Avenue, Suite 207 Cambridge, MA 02138 |
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1559-9450 |
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978-1-934142-09-7 |
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no |
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Call Number |
RPLAB @ sasha @ ozhegovultrafast |
Serial |
1022 |
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Author |
Jiang, L.; Zhang, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. H.; Li, J.; Shi, S. C.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Kaurova, N. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Characterization of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. PIERS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. PIERS |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
587-590 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
In this paper, we report the performance of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB (hot electron bolome-ter) mixer measured at 500 GHz. The quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB mixer is cryogenically cooled bya 4-K close-cycled refrigerator. Its receiver noise temperature and conversion gain are thoroughly investigatedfor different LO pumping levels and dc biases. The lowest receiver noise temperature is found to be approxi-mately 1200 K, and reduced to about 445 K after correcting theloss of the measurement system. The stabilityof the mixer’s IF output power is also demonstrated. |
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Address |
Hangzhou, China |
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ISSN |
1931-7360 |
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Conference |
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1482 |
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Author |
Gol'tsman, G.; Maslennikov, S.; Finkel, M.; Antipov, S.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Polyakov, S.; Vachtomin, Y.; Svechnikov, S.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B. |
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Title |
Nanostructured ultrathin NbN film as a terahertz hot-electron bolometer mixer |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proc. MRS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. MRS |
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Volume |
935 |
Issue |
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Pages |
210 (1 to 6) |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
Planar spiral antenna coupled and directly lens coupled NbN HEB mixer structures are studied. An additional MgO buffer layer between the superconducting film and Si substrate is introduced. The buffer layer enables us to increase the gain bandwidth of a HEB mixer due to better acoustic transparency. The gain bandwidth is widened as NbN film thickness decreases and amounts to 5.2 GHz. The noise temperature of antenna coupled mixer is 1300 and 3100 K at 2.5 and 3.8 THz respectively. The structure and composition of NbN films is investigated by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy methods. Noise performance degradation at LO frequencies more than 3 THz is due to the use of a planar antenna and signal loss in contacts between the antenna and the sensitive NbN bridge. The mixer is reconfigured for operation at higher frequencies in a manner that receiver’s noise temperature is only 2300 K (3 times of quantum limit) at LO frequency of 30 THz. |
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0272-9172 |
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Serial |
1440 |
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Author |
Maslennikova, A.; Larionov, P.; Ryabchun, S.; Smirnov, A.; Pentin, I.; Vakhtomin, Yu.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
Noise equivalent power and dynamic range of NBN hot-electron bolometers |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Proc. MLPLIT |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. MLPLIT |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
146-148 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB |
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Address |
Suzdal / Vladimir (Russia) |
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Modern laser physics and laser-information technologies for science and manufacture |
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1st international russian-chinese conference / youthschool-workshop |
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September 23-28, 2011 |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1386 |
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Author |
Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
NbN hot electron bolometer mixers with superior performance for space applications |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics |
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Volume |
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Pages |
11-17 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, applications |
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Noordwijk |
Editor |
Armandillo, E.; Leone, B. |
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International workshop on low temperature electronics- WOLTE 6 - Noordwijk |
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Call Number |
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1496 |
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