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| Author | Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Rubtsova, I.; Seleznev, V.; Minaeva, O.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Guziewicz, M.; Bar, J.; Gorska, M.; Pearlman, A.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting single-photon detectors designed for operation at 1.55-µm telecommunication wavelength | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal  |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume | 43 | Issue | Pages | 1334-1337 | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We report on our progress in development of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), specifically designed for secure high-speed quantum communications. The SSPDs consist of NbN-based meander nanostructures and operate at liquid helium temperatures. In general, our devices are capable of GHz-rate photon counting in a spectral range from visible light to mid-infrared. The device jitter is 18 ps and dark counts can reach negligibly small levels. The quantum efficiency (QE) of our best SSPDs for visible-light photons approaches a saturation level of ~30-40%, which is limited by the NbN film absorption. For the infrared range (1.55µm), QE is ~6% at 4.2 K, but it can be significantly improved by reduction of the operation temperature to the 2-K level, when QE reaches ~20% for 1.55-µm photons. In order to further enhance the SSPD efficiency at the wavelength of 1.55 µm, we have integrated our detectors with optical cavities, aiming to increase the effective interaction of the photon with the superconducting meander and, therefore, increase the QE. A successful effort was made to fabricate an advanced SSPD structure with an optical microcavity optimized for absorption of 1.55 µm photons. The design consisted of a quarter-wave dielectric layer, combined with a metallic mirror. Early tests performed on relatively low-QE devices integrated with microcavities, showed that the QE value at the resonator maximum (1.55-µm wavelength) was of the factor 3-to-4 higher than that for a nonresonant SSPD. Independently, we have successfully coupled our SSPDs to single-mode optical fibers. The completed receivers, inserted into a liquid-helium transport dewar, reached ~1% system QE for 1.55 µm photons. The SSPD receivers that are fiber-coupled and, simultaneously, integrated with resonators are expected to be the ultimate photon counters for optical quantum communications. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1450 | |||
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| Author | Manova, N. N.; Simonov, N. O.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Korneev, A. A. | ||||
| Title | Developing of NbN films for superconducting microstrip single-photon detector | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume | 1695 | Issue | Pages | 012116 (1 to 5) | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, NbN films | ||||
| Abstract | We optimized NbN films on a Si substrate with a buffer SiO2 layer to produce superconducting microstrip single-photon detectors with saturated dependence of quantum efficiency (QE) versus normalized bias current. We varied thickness of films and observed the maximum QE saturation for device based on the thinner film with the lowest ratio RS300/RS20. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1786 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Polyakova, M. I.; Korneev, A. A.; Semenov, A. V. | ||||
| Title | Comparison single- and double- spot detection efficiencies of SSPD based to MoSi and NbN films | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume | 1695 | Issue | Pages | 012146 (1 to 3) | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, MoSi | ||||
| Abstract | In this work, we present results of quantum detector tomography of superconducting single photon detector (SSPD) based on MoSi film, and compare them with previously reported data on NbN. We find that for both materials hot spot interaction length coincides with the strip width, and the dependence of single and double-spot detection efficiencies on bias current are compatible with sufficiently large hot-spot size, approaching the strip width. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1787 | |||
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| Author | Moshkova, M.; Divochiy, A.; Morozov, P.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Antipov, A.; Zolotov, P.; Seleznev, V.; Ahmetov, M.; Smirnov, K. | ||||
| Title | High-performance superconducting photon-number-resolving detectors with 86% system efficiency at telecom range | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | J. Opt. Soc. Am. B | Abbreviated Journal |
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B |
| Volume | 36 | Issue | 3 | Pages | B20 |
| Keywords | NbN PNR SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | The use of improved fabrication technology, highly disordered NbN thin films, and intertwined section topology makes it possible to create high-performance photon-number-resolving superconducting single-photon detectors (PNR SSPDs) that are comparable to conventional single-element SSPDs at the telecom range. The developed four-section PNR SSPD has simultaneously an 86±3% system detection efficiency, 35 cps dark count rate, ∼2 ns dead time, and maximum 90 ps jitter. An investigation of the PNR SSPD’s detection efficiency for multiphoton events shows good uniformity across sections. As a result, such a PNR SSPD is a good candidate for retrieving the photon statistics for light sources and quantum key distribution systems. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0740-3224 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1225 | |||
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| Author | Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Tarkhov, M.; Kaurova, N.; Seleznev, V.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Antipov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G. | ||||
| Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | J. Modern Opt. | Abbreviated Journal |
J. Modern Opt. |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 1670-1680 |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | The state-of-the-art of the NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector technology (SSPD) is presented. The SSPDs exhibit excellent performance at 2 K temperature: 30% quantum efficiency from visible to infrared, negligible dark count rate, single-photon sensitivity up to 5.6 µm. The recent achievements in the development of GHz counting rate devices with photon-number resolving capability is presented. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0950-0340 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ akorneev @ | Serial | 607 | ||
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| Author | Słysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Górska, M.; Zwiller, V.; Latta, C.; Böhi, P.; Pearlman, A.J.; Cross, A.S.; Pan, D.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Komissarov, I.; Verevkin, A.; Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Minayeva, O.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.N.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Fibre-coupled, single photon detector based on NbN superconducting nanostructures for quantum communications | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | J. Modern Opt. | Abbreviated Journal |
J. Modern Opt. |
| Volume | 54 | Issue | 2-3 | Pages | 315-326 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present a novel, two-channel, single photon receiver based on two fibre-coupled, NbN, superconducting, single photon detectors (SSPDs). The SSPDs are nanostructured superconducting meanders and are known for ultrafast and efficient detection of visible-to-infrared photons. Coupling between the NbN detector and optical fibre was achieved using a micromechanical photoresist ring placed directly over the SSPD, holding the fibre in place. With this arrangement, we obtained coupling efficiencies up to ∼30%. Our experimental results showed that the best receiver had a near-infrared system quantum efficiency of 0.33% at 4.2 K. The quantum efficiency increased exponentially with the photon energy increase, reaching a few percent level for visible-light photons. The photoresponse pulses of our devices were limited by the meander high kinetic inductance and had the rise and fall times of approximately 250 ps and 5 ns, respectively. The receiver's timing jitter was in the 37 to 58 ps range, approximately 2 to 3 times larger than in our older free-space-coupled SSPDs. We stipulate that this timing jitter is in part due to optical fibre properties. Besides quantum communications, the two-detector arrangement should also find applications in quantum correlation experiments. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0950-0340 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1434 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Verevkin, A.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Zhang, J.; Currie, M.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for near-infrared-wavelength quantum communications | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | J. Modern Opt. | Abbreviated Journal |
J. Modern Opt. |
| Volume | 51 | Issue | 9-10 | Pages | 1447-1458 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | The paper reports progress on the design and development of niobium-nitride, superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultrafast counting of near-infrared photons for secure quantum communications. The SSPDs operate in the quantum detection mode, based on photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-width superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 3.5 nm thick NbN films and kept at cryogenic (liquid helium) temperatures inside a cryostat. The detector experimental quantum efficiency in the photon-counting mode reaches above 20% in the visible radiation range and up to 10% at the 1.3–1.55 μn infrared range. The dark counts are below 0.01 per second. The measured real-time counting rate is above 2 GHz and is limited by readout electronics (the intrinsic response time is below 30 ps). The SSPD jitter is below 18 ps, and the best-measured value of the noise-equivalent power (NEP) is 2 × 10−18 W/Hz1/2. at 1.3 μm. In terms of photon-counting efficiency and speed, these NbN SSPDs significantly outperform semiconductor avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0950-0340 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1488 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting single photon nanowire detectors development for IR and THz applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | J. Low Temp. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal |
J. Low Temp. Phys. |
| Volume | 151 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 591-596 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present our progress in the development of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on meander-shaped nanowires made from few-nm-thick superconducting films. The SSPDs are operated at a temperature of 2–4.2 K (well below T c ) being biased with a current very close to the nanowire critical current at the operation temperature. To date, the material of choice for SSPDs is niobium nitride (NbN). Developed NbN SSPDs are capable of single photon counting in the range from VIS to mid-IR (up to 6 μm) with a record low dark counts rate and record-high counting rate. The use of a material with a low transition temperature should shift the detectors sensitivity towards longer wavelengths. We present state-of-the art NbN SSPDs as well as the results of our recent approach to expand the developed SSPD technology by the use of superconducting materials with lower T c , such as molybdenum rhenium (MoRe). MoRe SSPDs first were made and tested; a single photon response was obtained. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-2291 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1244 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | de Lara, D. Perez; Ejrnaes, M.; Casaburi, A.; Lisitskiy, M.; Cristiano, R.; Pagano, S.; Gaggero, A.; Leoni, R.; Golt’sman, G.; Voronov, B. | ||||
| Title | Feasibility investigation of NbN nanowires as detector in time-of-flight mass spectrometers for macromolecules of interest in biology (proteins) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | J. Low Temp. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal |
J. Low Temp. Phys. |
| Volume | 151 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 771-776 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, nanowires | ||||
| Abstract | We are investigating the possibility of using NbN nanowires as detectors in time-of-flight mass spectrometers for investigation of macromolecules of interest in biology (proteins). NbN nanowires could overcome the two major drawbacks encountered so far by cryogenic detectors, namely the low working temperature in the mK region and the slow temporal response. In fact, NbN nanowires can work at 5 K and the response time is at least a factor 10–100 better than that of other cryogenic detectors. We present a feasibility study based on a numerical code to calculate the response of a NbN nanowire. The parameter space is investigated at different energies from IR to macromolecules (i.e. from eV to keV) in order to understand if larger value of film thickness and width can be used for the keV energy region. We also present preliminary experimental results of irradiation with X-ray photons of NbN to simulate the effect of macromolecules of the same energy. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-2291 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1410 | |||
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| Author | Henrich, D.; Dorner,S.; Hofherr, M.; Il'in, K.; Semenov, A.; Heintze, E.; Scheffler, M.; Dressel, M.; Siegel, M. | ||||
| Title | Broadening of hot-spot response spectrum of superconducting NbN nanowire single-photon detector with reduced nitrogen content | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. | |
| Volume | 112 | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, magnetron sputtering, spectrum, NbN film, nitrogen concentration | ||||
| Abstract | The spectral detection efficiency and the dark count rate of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) have been studied systematically on detectors made from thin NbN films with different chemical compositions. Reduction of the nitrogen content in the 4 nm thick NbN films results in a decrease of the dark count rates more than two orders of magnitude and in a red shift of the cut-off wavelength of the hot-spot SNSPD response. The observed phenomena are explained by an improvement of uniformity of NbN films that has been confirmed by a decrease of resistivity and an increase of the ratio of the measured critical current to the depairing current. The latter factor is considered as the most crucial for both the cut-off wavelength and the dark count rates of SNSPD. Based on our results we propose a set of criteria for material properties to optimize SNSPD in the infrared spectral region. VC 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757625] |
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| Corporate Author | D. Henrich, S. Dorner, M. Hofherr, K. Il'in, A. Semenov, E. Heintze, M. Scheffler, M. Dressel, M. Siegel | Thesis | |||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | Broadening of hot-spot response spectrum of superconducting NbN nanowire single-photon detector with reduced nitrogen content | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ seleznev @ | Serial | 877 | ||
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| Author | Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Ilin, K.; Siegel, M.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Vodolazov, D.; Hübers, H.-W. | ||||
| Title | Effect of the wire width on the intrinsic detection efficiency of superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume | 116 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 043906 (1 to 9) |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, TaN | ||||
| Abstract | A thorough spectral study of the intrinsic single-photon detection efficiency in superconducting TaN and NbN nanowires with different widths has been performed. The experiment shows that the cut-off of the intrinsic detection efficiency at near-infrared wavelengths is most likely controlled by the local suppression of the barrier for vortex nucleation around the absorption site. Beyond the cut-off quasi-particle diffusion in combination with spontaneous, thermally activated vortex crossing explains the detection process. For both materials, the reciprocal cut-off wavelength scales linearly with the wire width where the scaling factor agrees with the hot-spot detection model. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1357 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Maingault, L.; Tarkhov, M.; Florya, I.; Semenov, A.; Espiau de Lamaëstre, R.; Cavalier, P.; Gol’tsman, G.; Poizat, J.-P.; Villégier, J.-C. | ||||
| Title | Spectral dependency of superconducting single photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume | 107 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 116103 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We investigate the effect of varying both incoming optical wavelength and width of NbN nanowires on the superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD) detection efficiency. The SSPD are current biased close to critical value and temperature fixed at 4.2 K, far from transition. The experimental results are found to verify with a good accuracy predictions based on the “hot spot model,” whose size scales with the absorbed photon energy. With larger optical power inducing multiphoton detection regime, the same scaling law remains valid, up to the three-photon regime. We demonstrate the validity of applying a limited number of measurements and using such a simple model to reasonably predict any SSPD behavior among a collection of nanowire device widths at different photon wavelengths. These results set the basis for designing efficient single photon detectors operating in the infrared (2–5 μm range). This work was supported by European projects FP6 STREP “SINPHONIA” (Contract No. NMP4-CT-2005-16433) and IP “QAP” (Contract No. 15848). |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1392 | |||
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| Author | Vasilev, D. D.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Moiseev, K. M.; Zolotov, P. I.; Antipov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V. | ||||
| Title | Influence of deposited material energy on superconducting properties of the WSi films | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. | Abbreviated Journal |
IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. |
| Volume | 781 | Issue | Pages | 012013 (1 to 6) | |
| Keywords | WSi SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | WSi thin films have the advantages for creating SNSPDs with a large active area or array of detectors on a single substrate due to the amorphous structure. The superconducting properties of ultrathin WSi films substantially depends on their structure and thickness as the NbN films. Scientific groups investigating WSi films mainly focused only on changes of their thickness and the ratio of the components on the substrate at room temperature. This paper presents experiments to determine the effect of the bias potential on the substrate, the temperature of the substrate, and the peak power of pulsed magnetron sputtering, which is the equivalent of ionization, a tungsten target, on the surface resistance and superconducting properties of the WSi ultrathin films. The negative effect of the substrate temperature and the positive effect of the bias potential and the ionization coefficient (peak current) allow one to choose the best WSi films formation mode for SNSPD: substrate temperature 297 K, bias potential -60 V, and peak current 3.5 A. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1757-899X | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1798 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Antipov, A. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Morozov, P. V.; Vasilev, D. D.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Moiseev, K. M.; Smirnov, K. | ||||
| Title | Investigation of WSi and NbN superconducting single-photon detectors in mid-IR range | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. | Abbreviated Journal |
IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. |
| Volume | 781 | Issue | Pages | 012011 (1 to 5) | |
| Keywords | WSi, NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Spectral characteristics of WSi and NbN superconducting single-photon detectors with different surface resistance and width of nanowire strips have been investigated in the wavelength range of 1.3-2.5 μm. WSi structures with narrower strips demonstrated better performance for detection of single photons in longer wavelength range. The difference in normalized photon count rate for such structures reaches one order of magnitude higher in comparison with structures based on NbN thin films at 2.5 μm. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1757-899X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1799 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Lusche, Robert; Semenov, Alexey; Huebers, Heinz-Willhelm; Ilin, Konstantin; Siegel, Michael; Korneeva, Yuliya; Trifonov, Andrey; Korneev, Alexander; Goltsman, Gregory | ||||
| Title | Effect of the wire geometry and an externally applied magnetic field on the detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Abstract | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | INIS | Abbreviated Journal |
INIS |
| Volume | 46 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 1-3 |
| Keywords | TaN, NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | The interest in single-photon detectors in the near-infrared wavelength regime for applications, e.g. in quantum cryptography has immensely increased in the last years. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) already show quite reasonable detection efficiencies in the NIR which can even be further improved. Novel theoretical approaches including vortex-assisted photon counting state that the detection efficiency in the long wavelength region can be enhanced by the detector geometry and an applied magnetic field. We present spectral measurements in the wavelength range from 350-2500 nm of the detection efficiency of meander-type TaN and NbN SNSPD with varying nanowire line width from 80 to 250 nm. Due to the used experimental setup we can accurately normalize the measured spectra and are able to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) of our detectors. The results clearly indicate an improvement of the IDE depending on the wire width according to the theoretic models. Furthermore we experimentally found that the smallest detectable photon-flux can be increased by applying a small magnetic field to the detectors. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1374 | |||
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