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Author Meledin, D.; Pantaleev, M.; Pavolotsky, A.; Risacher, C.; Belitsky, V.; Drakinskiy, V.; Cherednichenko, S.
Title Balanced waveguide HEB mixer for APEX 1.3 THz receiver Type Conference Article
Year 2005 Publication Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Göteborg, Sweden Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ s @ wg_balanced Serial 362
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Author Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Choumas, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Hübers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'Tsman, G.
Title HEB quasi-optical heterodyne receiver for THz frequencies Type Conference Article
Year 2001 Publication Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 244-252
Keywords HEB mixer, NbN, MgO, conversion gain bandwidth, noise temperature
Abstract (up)
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication San Diego, CA, USA Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 319
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Author Merkel, H. F.; Khosropanah, P.; Sigfrid Yngvesson, K.; Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Adam, A.; Kollberg, E.
Title An active zone small signal model for hot-electron bolometric mixers Type Conference Article
Year 2001 Publication Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 55
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication San Diego, CA, USA Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ s @ losses_in_contacts_merkel Serial 320
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Author Svechnikov, S. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Goltsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Kroug, M.; Kollberg, E.
Title Conversion and noise bandwidths of terahertz NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Physics of Vibrations Abbreviated Journal Physics of Vibrations
Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 205-210
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1069-1227 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1551
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Author Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Baubert, J.; Lecomte, B.; Dauplay, F.; Krieg, J. M.; Delorme, Y.; Feret, A.; Hübers, H. W.; Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
Title 2.5 THz multipixel heterodyne receiver based on NbN HEB mixers Type Conference Article
Year 2006 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE
Volume 6275 Issue Pages 62750I (1 to 11)
Keywords HEB, mixer, membrane
Abstract (up) A 16 pixel heterodyne receiver for 2.5 THz has been developed based on NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The receiver uses a quasioptical RF coupling approach where HEB mixers are integrated into double dipole antennas on 1.5 µm thick Si3N4/SiO2 membranes. Spherical mirrors (one per pixel) and backshort distance from the antenna have been used to design the output mixer beam profile. The camera design allows all 16 pixel IF readout in parallel. The gain bandwidth of the HEB mixers on Si3N4/SiO2 membranes was found to be 0.7÷0.9 GHz, which is much smaller than for similar devices on silicon. Application of buffer layers and use of alternative types of membranes (e.g. silicon-on-insulator) is under investigation.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 561
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Author Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Baubert, J.; Lecomte, B.; Dauplay, F.; Krieg, J.-M.; Delorme, Y.; Feret, A.; Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A. D.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
Title 2.5 THz multipixel heterodyne receiver based on NbN HEB mixers Type Abstract
Year 2007 Publication Proc. 18th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 18th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 112
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract (up) A 16 pixel heterodyne receiver for 2.5 THz has been developed based on NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The receiver uses a quasioptical RF coupling approach where HEB mixers are integrated into double dipole antennas on 1.5μm thick Si3N4 / SiO2 membranes. Spherical mirrors (one per pixel) and backshort distance from the antenna have been used to design the output mixer beam profile. The camera design allows all 16 pixel IF readout in parallel. Measurements of the mixers sensitivity and the input RF band are presented, and compared against calculations.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1419
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Author Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Lecomte, B.; Dauplay, F.; Krieg, J.-M.; Delorme, Y.; Feret, A.; Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.D.; Gol’tsman, G.N.
Title Terahertz heterodyne array based on NbN HEB mixers Type Abstract
Year 2008 Publication Proc. 19th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 43
Keywords NbN HEB mixers array
Abstract (up) A 16 pixel heterodyne receiver for 2.5 THz is been developed based on NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The receiver uses a quasioptical RF coupling approach where HEB mixers are integrated into double dipole antennas on 1.5μm thick Si3N4 / SiO2 membranes. Miniature mirrors (one per pixel) and back short for the antenna were used to design the output mixer beam profile. The camera design allows all 16 pixel IF readout in parallel. The gain bandwidth of the HEB mixers on Si3N4 / SiO 2 membranes was found to be about 3 GHz, when an MgO buffer layers is applied on the membrane. We will also present the progress in the camera heterodyne tests.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1411
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Author Khosropanah, P.; Merkel, H.; Yngvesson, S.; Adam, A.; Cherednichenko, S.; Kollberg, E.
Title A distributed device model for phonon-cooled HEB mixers predicting IV characteristics, gain, noise and IF bandwidth Type Conference Article
Year 2000 Publication Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 474-488
Keywords HEB mixer numerical model, diffusion cooling channel, diffusion channel, distributed HEB model, distributed model
Abstract (up) A distributed model for phonon-cooled superconductor hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers is given, which is based on solving the one-dimensional heat balance equation for the electron temperature profile along the superconductor strip. In this model it is assumed that the LO power is absorbed uniformly along the bridge but the DC power absorption depends on the local resistivity and is thus not uniform. The electron temperature dependence of the resistivity is assumed to be continuous and has a Fermi form. These assumptions are used in setting up the non-linear heat balance equation, which is solved numerically for the electron temperature profile along the bolometer strip. Based on this profile the resistance of the device and the IV curves are calculated. The IV curves are in excellent agreement with measurement results. Using a small signal model the conversion gain of the mixer is obtained. The expressions for Johnson noise and thermal fluctuation noise are derived. The calculated results are in close agreement with measurements, provided that one of the parameters used is adjusted.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 893
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Author Svechnikov, S. I.; Okunev, O. V.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Wang, Z.; Yngvesson, K. S.
Title 2.5 THz NbN hot electron mixer with integrated tapered slot antenna Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 3548-3551
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract (up) A Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixer for 2.5 THz utilizing a NbN thin film device, integrated with a Broken Linearly Tapered Slot Antenna (BLTSA), has been fabricated and is presently being tested. The NbN HEB device and the antenna were fabricated on a SiO2membrane. A 0.5 micrometer thick SiO2layer was grown by rf magnetron reactive sputtering on a GaAs wafer. The HEB device (phonon-cooled type) was produced as several parallel strips, 1 micrometer wide, from an ultrathin NbN film 4-7 nm thick, that was deposited onto the SiO2layer by dc magnetron reactive sputtering. The BLTSA was photoetched in a multilayer Ti-Au metallization. In order to strengthen the membrane, the front-side of the wafer was coated with a 5 micrometer thick polyimide layer just before the membrane formation. The last operation was anisotropic etching of the GaAs in a mixture of HNO3and H2O2.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1051-8223 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1595
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Author Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Kollberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Richter, H.; Huebers, H.-W.
Title 1.6 THz heterodyne receiver for the far infrared space telescope Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication Phys. C: Supercond. Abbreviated Journal Phys. C: Supercond.
Volume 372-376 Issue Pages 427-431
Keywords NbN HEB mixers, applications
Abstract (up) A low noise heterodyne receiver is being developed for the terahertz range using a phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer based on 3.5 nm thick superconducting NbN film. In the 1–2 GHz intermediate frequency band the double-sideband receiver noise temperature was 450 K at 0.6 THz, 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. In the 3–8 GHz IF band the lowest receiver noise temperature was 700 K at 0.6 THz, 1500 K at 1.6 THz and 3000 K at 2.5 THz while it increased by a factor of 3 towards 8 GHz.
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0921-4534 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1527
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Author Cherednichenko, S.; Khosropanah, P.; Berg, T.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Drakinskiy, V.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.
Title Optimization of HEB mixer for the Herschel Space Observatory Type Abstract
Year 2004 Publication Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 16
Keywords NbN HEB mixers, applications
Abstract (up) A mixer development for the HIFI instrument of the Herschel Space Observatory has come to the final stage. In our paper and conference presentation we will describe the most important details of the Band 6 Low and High Mixer Unit design. Special attention will be given to the optimization of the hot- electron bolometer mixer chip, which is based on 3.5nm NbN superconducting film on silicon. As the HEB’s local oscillator power requirements depend on the bolometer size, we have compared mixer noise temperature for different bolometer width- to- length ratio. A trade- off between mixer performance and local oscillator power requirements results in the mixer units equipped with optimized mixer chips, providing the largest coverage of the Band6 RF band with the lowest possible receiver noise. A short account of the beam pattern measurements of Band6 mixers will be given as well.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1490
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Author Schwaab, G. W.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Erichsen, Patrik; Gol'tsman, G.; Semenov, A.; Verevkin, A.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E.
Title A high resolution spectrometer for the investigation of molecular structures in the THZ range Type Conference Article
Year 1999 Publication Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 530-538
Keywords antireflection coatings, dielectric mirrors
Abstract (up) A status report on the design study of a novel tunable far-infrared (TuFTR) spectrometer for the investigation of the structure of weakly bound molecular complexes is given. The goal is a sensitive TuFIR spectrometer with full frequency coverage from 1-6 THz. To hit the goal, advanced sources (e.g. p-Ge lasers) and detectors (e.g. superconducting hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers) shall be employed to extend the technique of cavity ringdown spectroscopy, that is currently used at optical and infrared frequencies to the FIR spectral range. Critical for such a system are high-Q resonators that still allow good optical coupling, and wideband antireflection coatings to increase detector sensitivity and decrease optical path losses. 2 nd order effective media theory and an iterative multilayer algorithm have been employed to design wideband antireflection coatings for dielectrics with large dielectric constants like Ge or Si. Taking into account 6 layers, for Si bandwidths of 100% of the center frequency could be obtained with power reflectivities below 1% for both polarizations simultaneously. Wideband dielectric mirrors including absorption losses were also studied yielding a bandwidth of about 50% with reflectivities larger than 99.5%.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1577
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Author Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Yagoubov, P.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.
Title IF bandwidth of phonon cooled HEB mixers made from NbN films on MgO substrates Type Conference Article
Year 2000 Publication Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 219-227
Keywords NbN HEB mixers, cinversion gain bandwidth, IF bandwidth
Abstract (up) An investigation of gain and noise bandwidth of phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixers is presented. The radiation coupling to the mixers is quasioptical through either a spiral or twin-slot antenna. A maximum gain bandwidth of 4.8 GHz is obtained for mixers based on a 3.5 nm thin NbN film with Tc= 10 K. The noise bandwidth is 5.6 GHz, at the moment limited by parasitic elements in the, device mount fixture. At 0.65 THz the DSB receiver noise temperature is 700-800 К in the IF band 1-2 GHz, and 1150-2700 К in the band 3.5-7 GHz.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1557
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Author Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.
Title Low noise hot-electron bolometer mixers for terahertz frequencies Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication J. Low Temp. Phys. Abbreviated Journal J. Low Temp. Phys.
Volume 151 Issue 1-2 Pages 575-579
Keywords HEB, mixer, gain bandwidth, MgB2
Abstract (up) Hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers are used in many low noise heterodyne radio astronomical receivers. Their noise temperature is at the level of 10–15 times the quantum limit. However, their gain bandwidth is a serious limiting factor. Here we review the state of the art of the HEB mixers gain bandwidth for different materials and substrates. We compare the gain bandwidth of HEB mixers made on bulk substrates and thin membranes. Finally, results for MgB2 thin films for broadband HEB mixers are discussed.
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0022-2291 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ Serial 553
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Author Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Svechnikov, S.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E.; Belitsky, V.; Ekström, H.; Semenov, A.; Gousev, Yu.; Renk, K.
Title Quasioptical phonon-cooled NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer at THz frequencies Type Conference Article
Year 1996 Publication Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 303-317
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract (up) In our experiments we tested phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer (HEB) quasioptical mixer based on spiral antenna designed for 0.5-1.2 THz frequency band and fabricated on sapphire, Si-coated sapphire and high resistivity silicon substrates. HEB devices were produced from thin superconducting NbN film 3.5-6 nm thick with the critical temperature of about 11-12 K. For these devices we achieved the receiver noise temperature T R (DSB) = 3000 K in the 500-700 GHz frequency range and an IF bandwidth of 3-4 GHz. Prelimanary measurements at frequencies 1-1.2 THz resulted the receiver noise temperature about 9000 K (DSB).
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1614
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