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Romijn, J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Renne, M. J.; Mooij, J. E. |
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Critical pair-breaking current in superconducting aluminum strips far below Tc |
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1982 |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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26 |
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7 |
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3648-3655 |
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superconducting nanowire |
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Critical currents of narrow, thin aluminum strips have been measured as a function of temperature. For the smallest samples uniformity of the current density is obtained over a large temperature range. Hence the intrinsic limit on the currentcarrying capacity of the superconductor was measured outside the Ginzburg-Landau -regime. The experimental values are compared with recent theoretical predictions by Kupriyanov and Lukichev. An approximate method of solving their equations is given, the results of which agree with the exact solution to within 1%. Experimental data are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The absolute values agree if one assumes a Ïl value of 4×10–16 Ωm2 with vF=1.3×106 m/s. This value for Ïl is the same as that found from measurements of the anomalous skin effect but differs from values extracted from size-effect-limited resistivity. |
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Recommended by Klapwijk |
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925 |
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Usadel, Klaus D. |
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Title |
Generalized diffusion equation for superconducting alloys |
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1970 |
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Phys. Rev. Lett. |
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Phys. Rev. Lett. |
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25 |
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8 |
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507 |
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Eilenberger's transportlike equations for a superconductor of type II can be simplified very much in the dirty limit. In this limit a diffusionlike equation is derived which is the generalization of the de Gennes-Maki theory for dirty superconductors to arbitrary values of the order parameter. |
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920 |
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Shytov, A. V.; Levitov, L. S.; Beenakker, C. W. J. |
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Title |
Electromechanical noise in a diffusive conductor |
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2002 |
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Phys. Rev. Lett. |
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Phys. Rev. Lett. |
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88 |
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22 |
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Electrons moving in a conductor can transfer momentum to the lattice via collisions with impurities and boundaries, giving rise to a fluctuating mechanical stress tensor. The root-mean-squared momentum transfer per scattering event in a disordered metal (of dimension L greater than the mean free path l and screening length xi) is found to be reduced below the Fermi momentum by a factor of order l/L for shear fluctuations and (xi/L)^2 for pressure fluctuations. The excitation of an elastic bending mode by the shear fluctuations is estimated to fall within current experimental sensitivity for a nanomechanical oscillator. |
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0031-9007 |
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RPLAB @ s @ |
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433 |
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Sergeev, A.; Mitin, V. |
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Electron-phonon interaction in disordered conductors: Static and vibrating scattering potentials |
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2000 |
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Phys. Rev. B. |
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Phys. Rev. B. |
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61 |
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9 |
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6041-6047 |
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disordered conductors, scattering potential, electron-phonon interaction |
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Employing the Keldysh diagram technique, we calculate the electron-phonon energy relaxation rate in a conductor with the vibrating and static δ-correlated random electron-scattering potentials. If the scattering potential is completely dragged by phonons, this model yields the Schmid’s result for the inelastic electron-scattering rate τ−1e−ph. At low temperatures the effective interaction decreases due to disorder, and τ−1e−ph∝T4l (l is the electron mean-free path). In the presense of the static potential, quantum interference of numerous scattering processes drastically changes the effective electron-phonon interaction. In particular, at low temperatures the interaction increases, and τ−1e−ph∝T2/l. Along with an enhancement of the interaction, which is observed in disordered metallic films and semiconducting structures at low temperatures, the suggested model allows us to explain the strong sensitivity of the electron relaxation rate to the microscopic quality of a particular film. |
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Novotny, Lukas |
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Effective wavelength scaling for optical antennas |
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2007 |
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Phys. Rev. Lett. |
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Phys. Rev. Lett. |
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98 |
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26 |
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266802(1-4) |
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optical antennas |
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In antenna theory, antenna parameters are directly related to the wavelength λ of incident radiation, but this scaling fails at optical frequencies where metals behave as strongly coupled plasmas. In this Letter we show that antenna designs can be transferred to the optical frequency regime by replacing λ by a linearly scaled effective wavelength λeff=n1+n2λ/λp, with λp being the plasma wavelength and n1, n2 being coefficients that depend on geometry and material properties. It is assumed that the antenna is made of linear segments with radii Râ‰<aa>λ. Optical antennas hold great promise for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, and optical sensors. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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749 |
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