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Author | Semenov, Alexei D; Gol'tsman, Gregory N; Sobolewski, Roman | ||||
Title | Hot-electron effect in superconductors and its applications for radiation sensors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Superconductor Science and Technology | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 4 | Pages | R1-R16 |
Keywords | HEB, SSPD | ||||
Abstract | The paper reviews the main aspects of nonequilibrium hot-electron phenomena in superconductors and various theoretical models developed to describe the hot-electron effect. We discuss implementation of the hot-electron avalanche mechanism in superconducting radiation sensors and present the most successful practical devices, such as terahertz mixers and direct intensity detectors, for far-infrared radiation. Our presentation also includes the novel approach to hot-electron quantum detection implemented in superconducting x-ray to optical photon counters. | ||||
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ISSN | 0953-2048 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 416 | |||
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Author | Hadfield, Robert H. | ||||
Title | Single-photon detectors for optical quantum information applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Nature Photonics | Abbreviated Journal | Nature Photonics |
Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 696-705 | |
Keywords | SPD | ||||
Abstract | The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in interest in new single-photon detector technologies. A major cause of this trend has undoubtedly been the push towards optical quantum information applications such as quantum key distribution. These new applications place extreme demands on detector performance that go beyond the capabilities of established single-photon detectors. There has been considerable effort to improve conventional photon-counting detectors and to transform new device concepts into workable technologies for optical quantum information applications. This Review aims to highlight the significant recent progress made in improving single-photon detector technologies, and the impact that these developments will have on quantum optics and quantum information science. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 678 | ||
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Author | Korneeva, Y. P.; Manova, N. N.; Florya, I. N.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Dobrovolskiy, O. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Vodolazov, D. Y. | ||||
Title | Different single-photon response of wide and narrow superconducting MoxSi1−x strips | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Phys. Rev. Applied | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. Applied |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 024011 (1 to 7) |
Keywords | MoSi SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The photon count rate (PCR) of superconducting single-photon detectors made of MoxSi1−x films shaped as a 2-μm-wide strip and a 115-nm-wide meander strip line is studied experimentally as a function of the dc biasing current at different values of the perpendicular magnetic field. For the wide strip, a crossover current Icross is observed, below which the PCR increases with an increasing magnetic field and above which it decreases. This behavior contrasts with the narrow MoxSi1−x meander, for which no crossover current is observed, thus suggesting different photon-detection mechanisms in the wide and narrow strips. Namely, we argue that in the wide strip the absorbed photon destroys superconductivity locally via the vortex-antivortex mechanism for the emergence of resistance, while in the narrow meander superconductivity is destroyed across the whole strip line, forming a hot belt. Accordingly, the different photon-detection mechanisms associated with vortices and the hot belt determine the qualitative difference in the dependence of the PCR on the magnetic field. | ||||
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ISSN | 2331-7019 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1790 | |||
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Author | Smirnov, K.; Divochiy, A.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Morozov, P.; Zolotov, P.; Antipov, A.; Seleznev, V. | ||||
Title | NbN single-photon detectors with saturated dependence of quantum efficiency | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume | 31 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 035011 (1 to 8) |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The possibility of creating NbN superconducting single-photon detectors with saturated dependence of quantum efficiency (QE) versus normalized bias current was investigated. It was shown that the saturation increases for the detectors based on finer films with a lower value of Rs300/Rs20. The decreasing of Rs300/Rs20 was related to the increasing influence of quantum corrections to conductivity of superconductors and, in turn, to the decrease of the electron diffusion coefficient. The best samples have a constant value of system QE 94% at Ib/Ic ~ 0.8 and wavelength 1310 nm. | ||||
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ISSN | 0953-2048 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1232 | |||
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Author | Dryazgov, M.; Semenov, A.; Manova, N.; Korneeva, Y.; Korneev, A. | ||||
Title | Modelling of normal domain evolution after single-photon absorption of a superconducting strip of micron width | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 1695 | Issue | Pages | 012195 (1 to 4) | |
Keywords | SSPD modelling, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The present paper describes a modelling of normal domain evolution in superconducting strip of micron width using solving differential equations describing the temperature and current changes. The solving results are compared with experimental data. This comparison demonstrates the high accuracy of the model. In future, it is possible to employ this model for improvement of single photon detector based on micron-scale superconducting strips. | ||||
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ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1785 | |||
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Author | Lindgren, M.; Currie, M.; Zeng, W.-S.; Sobolewski, R.; Cherednichenko, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Picosecond response of a superconducting hot-electron NbN photodetector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 7-9 | Pages | 423-428 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The ps optical response of ultrathin NbN photodetectors has been studied by electro-optic sampling. The detectors were fabricated by patterning ultrathin (3.5 nm thick) NbN films deposited on sapphire by reactive magnetron sputtering into either a 5×10 μm2 microbridge or 25 1 μm wide, 5 μm long strips connected in parallel. Both structures were placed at the center of a 4 mm long coplanar waveguide covered with Ti/Au. The photoresponse was studied at temperatures ranging from 2.15 K to 10 K, with the samples biased in the resistive (switched) state and illuminated with 100 fs wide laser pulses at 395 nm wavelength. At T=2.15 K, we obtained an approximately 100 ps wide transient, which corresponds to a NbN detector response time of 45 ps. The photoresponse can be attributed to the nonequilibrium electron heating effect, where the incident radiation increases the temperature of the electron subsystem, while the phonons act as the heat sink. The high-speed response of NbN devices makes them an excellent choice for an optoelectronic interface for superconducting digital circuits, as well as mixers for the terahertz regime. The multiple-strip detector showed a linear dependence on input optical power and a responsivity =3.9 V/W. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0964-1807 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1584 | |||
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Author | Il’in, K. S.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Ultimate quantum efficiency of a superconducting hot-electron photodetector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 3938-3940 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The quantum efficiency and current and voltage responsivities of fast hot-electron photodetectors, fabricated from superconducting NbN thin films and biased in the resistive state, have been shown to reach values of 340, 220 A/W, and 4×104 V/W, respectively, for infrared radiation with a wavelength of 0.79 μm. The characteristics of the photodetectors are presented within the general model, based on relaxation processes in the nonequilibrium electron heating of a superconducting thin film. The observed, very high efficiency and sensitivity of the superconductor absorbing the photon are explained by the high multiplication rate of quasiparticles during the avalanche breaking of Cooper pairs. |
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1579 | |||
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Author | Smirnov, K. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Pentin, I. V.; Slivinskaya, E. V.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Single-photon detectors for the visible and infrared parts of the spectrum based on NbN nanostructures | Type | Abstract | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Proc. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symp. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symp. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 863-864 | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The research by the group of Moscow State Pedagogical University into the hot-electron phenomena in thin superconducting films has led to the development of new types ofdetectors [1, 2] and their use both in fundamental and applied studies [3–6]. In this paper, wepresent the results of the development and fabrication of receiving systems for the visible andinfrared parts of the spectrum optimised for use in telecommunication systems and quantumcryptography. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow, Russia | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ smirnovsession | Serial | 1050 | ||
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Author | Romanov, N. R.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Smirnov, K. V. | ||||
Title | Electron diffusivity measurements of VN superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 1124 | Issue | Pages | 051032 | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, VN | ||||
Abstract | The research of ultrathin vanadium nitride (VN) films as a promising candidate for superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) is presented. The electron diffusivity measurements are performed for such devices. Devices that were fabricated out from 9.9 nm films had diffusivity coefficient of 0.41 cm2/s and from 5.4 nm – 0.54 cm2/s. Obtained values are similar to other typical SSPD materials. The diffusivity that increases along with decreasing of the film thickness is expected to allow fabrication of the devices with improved characteristics. Fabricated VN SSPDs showed prominent single-photon response in the range 0.9-1.55 µm. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1229 | |||
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Author | Manova, N. N.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Slysz, W.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Superconducting NbN single-photon detector integrated with quarter-wave resonator | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Tech. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Tech. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 37 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 469-471 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The spectral dependence of the quantum efficiency of superconducting NbN single-photon detectors integrated with quarter-wave resonators based on Si3N4, SiO2, and SiO layers has been studied. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 664 | ||
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Author | Henrich, D.; Dorner,S.; Hofherr, M.; Il'in, K.; Semenov, A.; Heintze, E.; Scheffler, M.; Dressel, M.; Siegel, M. | ||||
Title | Broadening of hot-spot response spectrum of superconducting NbN nanowire single-photon detector with reduced nitrogen content | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. | |
Volume | 112 | Issue | Pages | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, magnetron sputtering, spectrum, NbN film, nitrogen concentration | ||||
Abstract | The spectral detection efficiency and the dark count rate of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) have been studied systematically on detectors made from thin NbN films with different chemical compositions. Reduction of the nitrogen content in the 4 nm thick NbN films results in a decrease of the dark count rates more than two orders of magnitude and in a red shift of the cut-off wavelength of the hot-spot SNSPD response. The observed phenomena are explained by an improvement of uniformity of NbN films that has been confirmed by a decrease of resistivity and an increase of the ratio of the measured critical current to the depairing current. The latter factor is considered as the most crucial for both the cut-off wavelength and the dark count rates of SNSPD. Based on our results we propose a set of criteria for material properties to optimize SNSPD in the infrared spectral region. VC 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757625] |
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Corporate Author | D. Henrich, S. Dorner, M. Hofherr, K. Il'in, A. Semenov, E. Heintze, M. Scheffler, M. Dressel, M. Siegel | Thesis | |||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | Broadening of hot-spot response spectrum of superconducting NbN nanowire single-photon detector with reduced nitrogen content | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ seleznev @ | Serial | 877 | ||
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Author | Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Tarkhov, M.; Kaurova, N.; Seleznev, V.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Antipov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | J. Modern Opt. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Modern Opt. |
Volume | 56 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 1670-1680 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The state-of-the-art of the NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector technology (SSPD) is presented. The SSPDs exhibit excellent performance at 2 K temperature: 30% quantum efficiency from visible to infrared, negligible dark count rate, single-photon sensitivity up to 5.6 µm. The recent achievements in the development of GHz counting rate devices with photon-number resolving capability is presented. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0950-0340 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ akorneev @ | Serial | 607 | ||
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Author | Moshkova, M.; Divochiy, A.; Morozov, P.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Antipov, A.; Zolotov, P.; Seleznev, V.; Ahmetov, M.; Smirnov, K. | ||||
Title | High-performance superconducting photon-number-resolving detectors with 86% system efficiency at telecom range | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | J. Opt. Soc. Am. B | Abbreviated Journal | J. Opt. Soc. Am. B |
Volume | 36 | Issue | 3 | Pages | B20 |
Keywords | NbN PNR SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The use of improved fabrication technology, highly disordered NbN thin films, and intertwined section topology makes it possible to create high-performance photon-number-resolving superconducting single-photon detectors (PNR SSPDs) that are comparable to conventional single-element SSPDs at the telecom range. The developed four-section PNR SSPD has simultaneously an 86±3% system detection efficiency, 35 cps dark count rate, ∼2 ns dead time, and maximum 90 ps jitter. An investigation of the PNR SSPD’s detection efficiency for multiphoton events shows good uniformity across sections. As a result, such a PNR SSPD is a good candidate for retrieving the photon statistics for light sources and quantum key distribution systems. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0740-3224 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1225 | |||
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Author | Morozov, P.; Lukina, M.; Shirmanova, M.; Divochiy, A.; Dudenkova, V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Becker, W.; Shcheslavskiy, V. I. | ||||
Title | Singlet oxygen phosphorescence imaging by superconducting single-photon detector and time-correlated single-photon counting | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Opt. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Lett. |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1217-1220 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, applications | ||||
Abstract | This Letter presents, to the best of our knowledge, a novel optical configuration for direct time-resolved measurements of luminescence from singlet oxygen, both in solutions and from cultured cells on photodynamic therapy. The system is based on the superconducting single-photon detector, coupled to the confocal scanner that is modified for the near-infrared measurements. The recording of a phosphorescence signal from singlet oxygen at 1270 nm has been done using time-correlated single-photon counting. The performance of the system is verified by measuring phosphorescence from singlet oxygen generated by the photosensitizers commonly used in photodynamic therapy: methylene blue and chlorin e6. The described system can be easily upgraded to the configuration when both phosphorescence from singlet oxygen and fluorescence from the cells can be detected in the imaging mode. Thus, co-localization of the signal from singlet oxygen with the areas inside the cells can be done. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0146-9592 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:33720151 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1221 | |||
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Author | McCarthy, Aongus; Krichel, Nils J.; Gemmell, Nathan R.; Ren, Ximing; Tanner, Michael G.; Dorenbos, Sander N.; Zwiller, Val; Hadfield, Robert H.; Buller, Gerald S. | ||||
Title | Kilometer-range, high resolution depth imaging via 1560 nm wavelength single-photon detection | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 8904-8915 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, lidar, SSPD applications, SNSPD applications | ||||
Abstract | This paper highlights a significant advance in time-of-flight depth imaging: by using a scanning transceiver which incorporated a free-running, low noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, we were able to obtain centimeter resolution depth images of low-signature objects in daylight at stand-off distances of the order of one kilometer at the relatively eye-safe wavelength of 1560 nm. The detector used had an efficiency of 18% at 1 kHz dark count rate, and the overall system jitter was ~100 ps. The depth images were acquired by illuminating the scene with an optical output power level of less than 250 µW average, and using per-pixel dwell times in the millisecond regime. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1053 | |||
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