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Nasr, M. B.; Minaeva, O.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Saleh, B. E.; Teich, M. C. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Submicron axial resolution in an ultrabroadband two-photon interferometer using superconducting single-photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Opt. Express |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt. Express |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
15104-15108 |
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Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
We generate ultrabroadband biphotons via the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a quasi-phase-matched nonlinear grating that has a linearly chirped poling period. Using these biphotons in conjunction with superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), we measure the narrowest Hong-Ou-Mandel dip to date in a two-photon interferometer, having a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately 5.7 fsec. This FWHM corresponds to a quantum optical coherence tomography (QOCT) axial resolution of 0.85 µm. Our results indicate that a high flux of nonoverlapping biphotons may be generated, as required in many applications of nonclassical light. |
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Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Physics, Quantum Imaging Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. boshra@bu.edu |
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1094-4087 |
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PMID:18795048 |
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1408 |
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Yang, J. K. W.; Dauler, E.; Ferri, A.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Sobolewski, R.; Keicher, W. E.; Berggren, K. K. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Fabrication development for nanowire GHz-counting-rate single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
626-630 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
We have developed a fabrication process for GHz-counting-rate, single-photon, high-detection-efficiency, NbN, nanowire detectors. We have demonstrated two processes for the device patterning, one based on the standard polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) organic positive-tone electron-beam resist, and the other based on the newer hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) negative-tone spin-on-glass resist. The HSQ-based process is simple and robust, providing high resolution and the prospect of high fill-factors. Initial testing results show superconductivity in the films, and suggest that the devices exhibit photosensitivity. |
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1558-2515 |
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1466 |
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Verevkin, A. A.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Kouminov, P.; Drakinskij, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Currie, M. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for infrared wavelength quantum communications |
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Conference Article |
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2003 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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5105 |
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160-170 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications, single-photon detector, quantum cryptography, quantum communications, superconducting devices |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
We have developed a new class of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultrafast counting of infrared (IR) photons for secure quantum communications. The devices are operated on the quantum detection mechanism, based on the photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-wide superconducting stripe. The detectors are fabricated from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films and they operate at 4.2 K inside a closed-cycle refrigerator or liquid helium cryostat. Various continuous and pulsed laser sources have been used in our experiments, enabling us to determine the detector experimental quantum efficiency (QE) in the photon-counting mode, response time, time jitter, and dark counts. Our 3.5-nm-thick SSPDs reached QE above 15% for visible light photons and 5% at 1.3 – 1.5 μm infrared range. The measured real-time counting rate was above 2 GHz and was limited by the read-out electronics (intrinsic response time is <30 ps). The measured jitter was <18 ps, and the dark counting rate was <0.01 per second. The measured noise equivalent power (NEP) is 2 x 10-18 W/Hz1/2 at λ = 1.3 μm. In near-infrared range, in terms of the counting rate, jitter, dark counts, and overall sensitivity, the NbN SSPDs significantly outperform their semiconductor counterparts. An ultrafast quantum cryptography communication technology based on SSPDs is proposed and discussed. |
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SPIE |
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Donkor, E.; Pirich, A.R.; Brandt, H.E. |
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Quantum Information and Computation |
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no |
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1514 |
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Casaburi, A.; Ejrnaes, M.; Quaranta, O.; Gaggero, A.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Lisitskiy, M.; Esposito, E.; Nappi, C.; Cristiano, R.; Pagano, S. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Experimental characterization of NbN nanowire optical detectors with parallel stripline configuration |
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Conference Article |
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2008 |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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97 |
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012265 (1 to 6) |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
We have developed a novel geometrical configuration for NbN-based superconducting single photon optical detector (SSPD) that achieves two goals: a much lower intrinsic impedance, and a consequently greater bandwidth, and a much larger signal amplitude compared to the standard meandered configuration. This has been obtained by implementing a properly designed parallel stripline structure where a cascade switching mechanism occurs when one of the striplines is hit by an optical photon. The overall switching occurs synchronously and in a very short time, giving rise to a strong and fast voltage pulse. The SSPD have been realized using state of the art NbN deposition technology and e-beam lithography. The strips are 100 nm wide and 5 μm long and have been realized with 4 nm NbN film on sapphire and Si substrate. We report on experimental characterization of such novel devices. The performances of the proposed novel type of SSPD are compared with standard SSPD design and results in terms of signal amplitude, risetime and effective detection area. |
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IOP Publishing |
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1742-6596 |
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8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2007) |
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no |
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1416 |
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Baek, Burm; Lita, Adriana E.; Verma, Varun; Nam, Sae Woo |
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Superconducting a-WxSi1–x nanowire single-photon detector with saturated internal quantum efficiency from visible to 1850 nm |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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98 |
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25 |
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3 |
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SNSPD |
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We have developed a single-photon detector based on superconducting amorphous tungsten–silicon alloy (a-WxSi1–x) nanowire. Our device made from a uniform a-WxSi1–x nanowire covers a practical detection area (16 μm×16 μm) and shows high sensitivity featuring a plateau of the internal quantum efficiencies, i.e., efficiencies of generating an electrical pulse per absorbed photon, over a broad wavelength and bias range. This material system for superconducting nanowire detector technology could overcome the limitations of the prevalent nanowire devices based on NbN and lead to more practical, ideal single-photon detectors having high efficiency, low noise, and high count rates. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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665 |
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Author |
Verevkin, A.; Williams, C.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R.; Gilbert, G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Single-photon superconducting detectors for practical high-speed quantum cryptography |
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Miscellaneous |
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2001 |
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OFCC/ICQI |
Abbreviated Journal |
OFCC/ICQI |
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Pa3 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD, QKD, quantum cryptography |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
We have developed an ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector with negligible dark counting rate. The detector is based on an ultrathin, submicron-wide NbN meander-type stripe and can detect individual photons in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range at a rate of at least 10 Gb/s. The above counting rate allows us to implement the NbN device to unconditionally secret quantum key distRochester, New Yorkribution in a practical, high-speed system using real-time Vernam enciphering. |
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Rochester, New York |
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Optical Society of America |
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Optical Fiber Communication Conference and International Conference on Quantum Information |
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-- from poster session. |
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no |
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1544 |
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Rubtsova, I.; Korneev, A.; Matvienko, V.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Goltsman, G.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Spectral sensitivity, quantum efficiency, and noise equivalent power of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors in the IR range |
Type |
Conference Article |
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2004 |
Publication |
Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz |
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461-462 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
We have developed nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors capable of GHz-rate photon counting in the 0.4 to 5 /spl mu/m wavelength range. Quantum efficiency of 30%, dark count rate 3/spl times/10/sup -4/ s/sup -1/, and NEP=10/sup -20/ W/Hz/sup -1/2/ have been measured at the 1.3-/spl mu/m wavelength for the device operating at 2.0 K. |
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no |
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1507 |
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Seleznev, V. A.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Morozov, P. V.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vasil'ev, D. D.; Moiseev, K. M.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Smirnov, K. V. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Superconducting detector of IR single-photons based on thin WSi films |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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737 |
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012032 |
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WSi SSPD, SNSPD, NEP |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
We have developed the deposition technology of WSi thin films 4 to 9 nm thick with high temperature values of superconducting transition (Tc~4 K). Based on deposed films there were produced nanostructures with indicative planar sizes ~100 nm, and the research revealed that even on nanoscale the films possess of high critical temperature values of the superconducting transition (Tc~3.3-3.7 K) which certifies high quality and homogeneity of the films created. The first experiments on creating superconducting single-photon detectors showed that the detectors' SDE (system detection efficiency) with increasing bias current (I b) reaches a constant value of ~30% (for X=1.55 micron) defined by infrared radiation absorption by the superconducting structure. To enhance radiation absorption by the superconductor there were created detectors with cavity structures which demonstrated a practically constant value of quantum efficiency >65% for bias currents Ib>0.6-Ic. The minimal dark counts level (DC) made 1 s-1 limited with background noise. Hence WSi is the most promising material for creating single-photon detectors with record SDE/DC ratio and noise equivalent power (NEP). |
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1742-6588 |
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1235 |
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Słysz, W.; Węgrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Górska, M.; Zwiller, V.; Latta, C.; Bohi, P.; Milostnaya, I.; Minaeva, O.; Antipov, A.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Gol’tsman, G.; Pearlman, A.; Cross, A.; Komissarov, I.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Fiber-coupled single-photon detectors based on NbN superconducting nanostructures for practical quantum cryptography and photon-correlation studies |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
88 |
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26 |
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261113 (1 to 3) |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
We have fabricated and tested a two-channel single-photon detector system based on two fiber-coupled superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our best device reached the system quantum efficiency of 0.3% in the 1540-nm telecommunication wavelength with a fiber-to-detector coupling factor of about 30%. The photoresponse consisted of 2.5-ns-wide voltage pulses with a rise time of 250ps and timing jitter below 40ps. The overall system response time, measured as a second-order, photon cross-correlation function, was below 400ps. Our SSPDs operate at 4.2K inside a liquid-helium Dewar, but their optical fiber inputs and electrical outputs are at room temperature. Our two-channel detector system should find applications in practical quantum cryptography and in antibunching-type quantum correlation measurements.
The authors would like to thank Dr. Marc Currie for his assistance in early time-resolved photoresponse measurements and Professor Atac Imamoglu for his support. This work was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science under Project No. 3 T11B 052 26 (Warsaw), RFBR 03-02-17697 and INTAS 03-51-4145 grants (Moscow), CRDF Grant No. RE2-2531-MO-03 (Moscow), RE2-2529-MO-03 (Moscow and Rochester), and US AFOSR FA9550-04-1-0123 (Rochester). Additional funding was provided by the grants from the MIT Lincoln Laboratory and BBN Technologies Corp. |
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0003-6951 |
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1449 |
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Rosfjord, Kristine M.; Yang, Joel K. W.; Dauler, Eric A.; Kerman, Andrew J.; Vikas Anant; Voronov, Boris M.; Gol'tsman, Gregory N.; Berggren, Karl K. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Nanowire Single-photon detector with an integrated optical cavity and anti-reflection coating |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Opt. Express |
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Opt. Express |
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14 |
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2 |
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527-534 |
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SSPD, SNSPD, cavity |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
We have fabricated and tested superconducting single-photon detectors and demonstrated detection efficiencies of 57% at 1550-nm wavelength and 67% at 1064 nm. In addition to the peak detection efficiency, a median detection efficiency of 47.7% was measured over 132 devices at 1550 nm. These measurements were made at 1.8K, with each device biased to 97.5% of its critical current. The high detection efficiencies resulted from the addition of an optical cavity and anti-reflection coating to a nanowire photodetector, creating an integrated nanoelectrophotonic device with enhanced performance relative to the original device. Here, the testing apparatus and the fabrication process are presented. The detection efficiency of devices before and after the addition of optical elements is also reported. |
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1094-4087 |
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PMID:19503367 |
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388 |
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