| Records |
| Author |
Yang, Y.; Fedorov, G.; Shafranjuk, S. E.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Cooper, B. K.; Lewis, R. M.; Lobb, C. J.; Barbara, P. |
| Title |
Electronic transport and possible superconductivity at Van Hove singularities in carbon nanotubes |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Nano Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nano Lett. |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
7859-7866 |
| Keywords |
carbon nanotubes, CNT, tunable superconductivity, van Hove singularities |
Abstract  |
Van Hove singularities (VHSs) are a hallmark of reduced dimensionality, leading to a divergent density of states in one and two dimensions and predictions of new electronic properties when the Fermi energy is close to these divergences. In carbon nanotubes, VHSs mark the onset of new subbands. They are elusive in standard electronic transport characterization measurements because they do not typically appear as notable features and therefore their effect on the nanotube conductance is largely unexplored. Here we report conductance measurements of carbon nanotubes where VHSs are clearly revealed by interference patterns of the electronic wave functions, showing both a sharp increase of quantum capacitance, and a sharp reduction of energy level spacing, consistent with an upsurge of density of states. At VHSs, we also measure an anomalous increase of conductance below a temperature of about 30 K. We argue that this transport feature is consistent with the formation of Cooper pairs in the nanotube. |
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Department of Physics, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States |
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1530-6984 |
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PMID:26506109; Suuplementary info (attached to pdf) DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02564 |
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1782 |
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| Author |
Seliverstov, S.; Maslennikov, S.; Ryabchun, S.; Finkel, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Kaurova, N.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
| Title |
Fast and sensitive terahertz direct detector based on superconducting antenna-coupled hot electron bolometer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
2300304 |
| Keywords |
HEB detector responsivity, HEB model, numerical calculations, numerical model |
| Abstract |
We characterize superconducting antenna-coupled hot-electron bolometers for direct detection of terahertz radiation operating at a temperature of 9.0 K. The estimated value of responsivity obtained from lumped-element theory is strongly different from the measured one. A numerical calculation of the detector responsivity is developed, using the Euler method, applied to the system of heat balance equations written in recurrent form. This distributed element model takes into account the effect of nonuniform heating of the detector along its length and provides results that are in better agreement with the experiment. At a signal frequency of 2.5 THz, the measured value of the optical detector noise equivalent power is 2.0 × 10-13 W · Hz-0.5. The value of the bolometer time constant is 35 ps. The corresponding energy resolution is about 3 aJ. This detector has a sensitivity similar to that of the state-of-the-art sub-millimeter detectors operating at accessible cryogenic temperatures, but with a response time several orders of magnitude shorter. |
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953 |
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Peltonen, J. T.; Astafiev, O. V.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Voronov, B. M.; Korneev, A. A.; Charaev, I. M.; Semenov, A. V.; Golt'sman, G. N.; Ioffe, L. B.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Tsai, J. S. |
| Title |
Coherent flux tunneling through NbN nanowires |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. B |
| Volume |
88 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
220506 (1 to 5) |
| Keywords |
NbN nanowires |
| Abstract |
We demonstrate evidence of coherent magnetic flux tunneling through superconducting nanowires patterned in a thin highly disordered NbN film. The phenomenon is revealed as a superposition of flux states in a fully metallic superconducting loop with the nanowire acting as an effective tunnel barrier for the magnetic flux, and reproducibly observed in different wires. The flux superposition achieved in the fully metallic NbN rings proves the universality of the phenomenon previously reported for InOx. We perform microwave spectroscopy and study the tunneling amplitude as a function of the wire width, compare the experimental results with theories, and estimate the parameters for existing theoretical models. |
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1098-0121 |
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1369 |
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Korneeva, Y. P.; Vodolazov, D. Y.; Semenov, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Simonov, N.; Baeva, E.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
| Title |
Optical single photon detection in micron-scaled NbN bridges |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
arXiv |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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SSPD |
| Abstract |
We demonstrate experimentally that single photon detection can be achieved in micron-wide NbN bridges, with widths ranging from 0.53 μm to 5.15 μm and for photon-wavelengths from 408 nm to 1550 nm. The microbridges are biased with a dc current close to the experimental critical current, which is estimated to be about 50 % of the theoretically expected depairing current. These results offer an alternative to the standard superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), based on nanometer scale nanowires implemented in a long meandering structure. The results are consistent with improved theoretical modelling based on the theory of non-equilibrium superconductivity including the vortex-assisted mechanism of initial dissipation. |
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Duplicated as 1303 |
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1312 |
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Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Baryshev, A.; Kooi, J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; de Korte, P.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
NbN hot electron bolometer mixers: sensitivity, LO power, direct detection and stability |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
484-489 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixers, direct detection effect, stability, Allan variance |
| Abstract |
We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. Both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 950 K at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, using a 0.4/spl times/4 /spl mu/m HEB mixer with a spiral antenna. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. To comply with current demands on THz mixers for use in space based receivers we reduce the device size to 0.15/spl times/1 /spl mu/m and use a twin slot antenna. We report measurements of the noise temperature, LO power requirement, stability and the direct detection effect, using a mixer with a 1.6 THz twin slot antenna and a 1.462 THz solid state LO source with calibrated output power. |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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546 |
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Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
84 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1958-1960 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. We show experimentally that both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by more than a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature TN,DSB=950 K
at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, uncorrected for losses in the optics. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. |
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no |
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352 |
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Korneeva, Y.; Vodolazov, D.; Florya, I.; Manova, N.; Smirnov, E.; Korneev, A.; Mikhailov, M.; Goltsman, G.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R. |
| Title |
Single photon detection in micron scale NbN and α-MoSi superconducting strips |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
EPJ Web Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Web Conf. |
| Volume |
190 |
Issue |
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Pages |
04010 (1 to 2) |
| Keywords |
SSPD |
| Abstract |
We experimentally demonstrate the single photon detection in straight micrometer-wide NbN and α-MoSi bridges. Width of the bridges is 2 µm, while the wavelength of the photon changes from 408 to 1550 nm and critical current exceeds 50% of the depairing current. Obtained results offer the alternative route for design of detectors without resonator and meander structure and indirectly confirm vortex assisted mechanism of single photon detection. |
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2100-014X |
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no |
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Serial |
1319 |
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Yang, Z. Q.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J.R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
| Title |
Improved sensitivity of NbN hot electron bolometer mixers by vacuum baking |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Issue |
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Pages |
222-225 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixer |
| Abstract |
We find that the sensitivity of heterodyne receivers based on superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) in- creases by 25 − 30% after baking at 85 o C and in a high vacuum. The devices studied are twin-slot antenna coupled HEB mixers with a small NbN bridge of 1×0.15 μm 2 . The mixer noise temperature, gain, and resistance versus temperature curve of a HEB before and after baking are compared and analyzed. We show that baking reduces the intrinsic noise of the mixer by 37 % and makes the superconducting transition of the bridge and the contacts sharper. We argue that the reduction of the noise is due to the improvement of the transparency of the contact/film interface. The lowest receiver noise temperature of 700 K is measured at a local oscillator frequency of 1.63 THz and a bath temperature of 4.3 K. |
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1471 |
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Titova, N.; Kardakova, A. I.; Tovpeko, N.; Ryabchun, S.; Mandal, S.; Morozov, D.; Klemencic, G. M.; Giblin, S. R.; Williams, O. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
| Title |
Slow electron–phonon cooling in superconducting diamond films |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1-4 |
| Keywords |
superconducting diamond films, electron-phonon cooling |
| Abstract |
We have measured the electron-phonon energy-relaxation time, τ eph , in superconducting boron-doped diamond films grown on silicon substrate by chemical vapor deposition. The observed electron-phonon cooling times vary from 160 ns at 2.70 K to 410 ns at 1.8 K following a T -2-dependence. The data are consistent with the values of τ eph previously reported for single-crystal boron-doped diamond films epitaxially grown on diamond substrate. Such a noticeable slow electron-phonon relaxation in boron-doped diamond, in combination with a high normal-state resistivity, confirms a potential of superconducting diamond for ultrasensitive superconducting bolometers. |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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1168 |
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Kardakova, A. I.; Coumou, P. C. J. J.; Finkel, M. I.; Morozov, D. V.; An, P. P.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
| Title |
Electron–phonon energy relaxation time in thin strongly disordered titanium nitride films |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1-4 |
| Keywords |
TiN MKID |
| Abstract |
We have measured the energy relaxation times from the electron bath to the phonon bath in strongly disordered TiN films grown by atomic layer deposition. The measured values of τ eph vary from 12 to 91 ns. Over a temperature range from 3.4 to 1.7 K, they follow T -3 temperature dependence, which are consistent with values of τ eph reported previously for sputtered TiN films. For the most disordered film, with an effective elastic mean free path of 0.35 nm, we find a faster relaxation and a stronger temperature dependence, which may be an additional indication of the influence of strong disorder on a superconductor. |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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1296 |
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Zhang, W.; Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Kollberg, E. L.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Bansal, T.; Barends, R.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
| Title |
Quantum noise in a terahertz hot electron bolometer mixer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
96 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
111113-(1-3) |
| Keywords |
HEB mixer, quantum limit, quantum noise, vacuum box, THz, Terahertz |
| Abstract |
We have measured the noise temperature of a single, sensitive superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer in a frequency range from 1.6 to 5.3 THz, using a setup with all the key components in vacuum. By analyzing the measured receiver noise temperature using a quantum noise (QN) model for HEB mixers, we confirm the effect of QN. The QN is found to be responsible for about half of the receiver noise at the highest frequency in our measurements. The beta-factor (the quantum efficiency of the HEB) obtained experimentally agrees reasonably well with the calculated value. |
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no |
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624 |
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Coumou, P. C. J. J.; Driessen, E. F. C.; Bueno, J.; Chapelier, C.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
| Title |
Electrodynamic response and local tunneling spectroscopy of strongly disordered superconducting TiN films |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
88 |
Issue |
18 |
Pages |
180505 (1 to 5) |
| Keywords |
strongly disordered superconducting TiN films, microwave resonators |
| Abstract |
We have studied the electrodynamic response of strongly disordered superconducting TiN films using microwave resonators, where the disordered superconductor is the resonating element in a high-quality superconducting environment of NbTiN. We describe the response assuming an effective pair-breaking mechanism modifying the density of states and compare this to local tunneling spectra obtained using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. For the least disordered film (kFl=8.7, Rs=13Ω), we find good agreement, whereas for the most disordered film (kFl=0.82, Rs=4.3kΩ), there is a strong discrepancy, which signals the breakdown of a model based on uniform properties. |
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1069 |
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Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Laauwen, W. M.; Hajenius, M; Klapwijk, T. M. |
| Title |
Low noise NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 4.3 THz |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
91 |
Issue |
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Pages |
221111 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, NbN, contacts cleaning |
| Abstract |
We have studied the sensitivity of a superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer mixer integrated with a spiral antenna at 4.3 THz. Using hot/cold blackbody loads and a beam splitter all in vacuum, we measured a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1300 K at the optimum local oscillator (LO) power of 330 nW, which is about 12 times the quantum noise (hnu/2kB). Our result indicates that there is no sign of degradation of the mixing process at the superterahertz frequencies. Moreover, a measurement method is introduced which allows us for an accurate determination of the sensitivity despite LO power fluctuations. |
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no |
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584 |
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Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Khosropanah, P.; Barends, R.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
| Title |
Terahertz superconducting hot electron bolometer heterodyne receivers |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
252-258 |
| Keywords |
HEB, mixer, direct detection effect |
| Abstract |
We highlight the progress on NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers achieved through fruitful collaboration between SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research and Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands. This includes the best receiver noise temperatures of 700 K at 1.63 THz using a twin-slot antenna mixer and 1050 K at 2.84 THz using a spiral antenna coupled HEB mixer. The mixers are based on thin NbN films on Si and fabricated with a new contact-process and-structure. By reducing their areas HEB mixers have shown an LO power requirement as low as 30 nW. Those small HEB mixers have demonstrated equivalent sensitivity as those with large areas provided the direct detection effect due to broadband radiation is removed. To manifest that a HEB based heterodyne receiver can in practice be used at arbitrary frequencies above 2 THz, we demonstrate a 2.8 THz receiver using a THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) as local oscillator. |
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RPLAB @ asmirn @ |
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557 |
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| Author |
Baeva, E. M.; Sidorova, M. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochy, A. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Semenov, A. V.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Khrapai, V. S.; Goltsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Thermal properties of NbN single-photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. Applied |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. Applied |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
064063 (1 to 8) |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We investigate thermal properties of a NbN single-photon detector capable of unit internal detection efficiency. Using an independent calibration of the coupling losses, we determine the absolute optical power absorbed by the NbN film and, via resistive superconductor thermometry, the temperature dependence of the thermal resistance Z(T) of the NbN film. In principle, this approach permits simultaneous measurement of the electron-phonon and phonon-escape contributions to the energy relaxation, which in our case is ambiguous because of the similar temperature dependencies. We analyze Z(T) with a two-temperature model and impose an upper bound on the ratio of electron and phonon heat capacities in NbN, which is surprisingly close to a recent theoretical lower bound for the same quantity in similar devices. |
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| ISSN |
2331-7019 |
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1226 |
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