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Author | Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Lobanov, Y.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector for on-chip quantum and spectral photonic application | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 917 | Issue | Pages | 062032 | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, waveguide | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
With use of the travelling-wave geometry approach, integrated superconductor- nanophotonic devices based on silicon nitride nanophotonic waveguide with a superconducting NbN-nanowire suited on top of the waveguide were fabricated. NbN-nanowire was operated as a single-photon counting detector with up to 92 % on-chip detection efficiency in the coherent mode, serving as a highly sensitive IR heterodyne mixer with spectral resolution (f/df) greater than 106 in C-band at 1550 nm wavelength | ||||
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Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 1140 | ||
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Author | Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Ozhegov, R.; Korneev, A.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pernice, W.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | On-chip coherent detection with quantum limited sensitivity | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Sci Rep | Abbreviated Journal | Sci Rep |
Volume | 7 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 4812 |
Keywords | waveguide, SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
While single photon detectors provide superior intensity sensitivity, spectral resolution is usually lost after the detection event. Yet for applications in low signal infrared spectroscopy recovering information about the photon's frequency contributions is essential. Here we use highly efficient waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors for on-chip coherent detection. In a single nanophotonic device, we demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 86% on-chip detection efficiency, as well as heterodyne coherent detection with spectral resolution f/f exceeding 10(11). By mixing a local oscillator with the single photon signal field, we observe frequency modulation at the intermediate frequency with ultra-low local oscillator power in the femto-Watt range. By optimizing the nanowire geometry and the working parameters of the detection scheme, we reach quantum-limited sensitivity. Our approach enables to realize matrix integrated heterodyne nanophotonic devices in the C-band wavelength range, for classical and quantum optics applications where single-photon counting as well as high spectral resolution are required simultaneously. | ||||
Address | National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia. ggoltsman@hse.ru | ||||
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ISSN | 2045-2322 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:28684752; PMCID:PMC5500578 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 1129 | ||
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Author | Kardakova, A.; Finkel, M.; Morozov, D.; Kovalyuk, V.; An, P.; Dunscombe, C.; Tarkhov, M.; Mauskopf, P.; Klapwijk, T.M.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | The electron-phonon relaxation time in thin superconducting titanium nitride films | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 103 | Issue | 25 | Pages | 252602 (1 to 4) |
Keywords | disordered TiN films, electron-phonon relaxation time | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
We report on the direct measurement of the electron-phonon relaxation time, τeph, in disordered TiN films. Measured values of τeph are from 5.5 ns to 88 ns in the 4.2 to 1.7 K temperature range and consistent with a T−3 temperature dependence. The electronic density of states at the Fermi level N0 is estimated from measured material parameters. The presented results confirm that thin TiN films are promising candidate-materials for ultrasensitive superconducting detectors. The work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Contract No. 14.B25.31.0007 and by the RFBR Grant No. 13-02-91159. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 941 | ||
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Author | Zubkova, E.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Optimization of contra-directional coupler based on silicon nitride Bragg rib waveguide | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 1124 | Issue | Pages | 051048 | |
Keywords | Bragg waveguide, Si3N4 | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
We report on the development and fabrication of a contra-directional coupler based on the Bragg waveguide on Si3N4 platform. Transmitted and reflected by the contra-directional coupler spectra were measured. The reflected spectra exactly matches the one notched by the main channel of the coupler. Losses are about 3dB, coupling to the directing branch of the coupler is practically lossless. FWHM of the transmitted (reflected) spectra is 3.46 nm. | ||||
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ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1195 | |||
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Author | Zubkova, E.; Golikov, A.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | CWDM demultiplexer using anti-reflection, contra-directional couplers based on silicon nitride rib waveguide | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 1410 | Issue | Pages | 012179 | |
Keywords | coarse wavelength-division multiplexing, Si3N4 rib waveguide | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
We report on the development and fabrication of a 9-channel coarse wavelength-division multiplexing for telecommunication wavelengths (1550 nm) using anti-reflection contra-directional couplers, based on silicon nitride (Si3N4) rib waveguide. The transmitted and reflected spectrum in each channel of the demultiplexer were measured. The average full width at half maximum of the transmitted (reflected) spectra is about 3 nm. | ||||
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ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1183 | |||
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Author | Rath, P.; Vetter, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Nebel, C.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
Title | Travelling-wave single-photon detectors integrated with diamond photonic circuits: operation at visible and telecom wavelengths with a timing jitter down to 23 ps | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Integrated Optics: Devices, Mat. Technol. XX | Abbreviated Journal | Integrated Optics: Devices, Mat. Technol. XX |
Volume | 9750 | Issue | Pages | 135-142 | |
Keywords | SSPD, Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector, SNSPD, Single Photon Detector, Diamond Photonics, Diamond Integrated Optics, Diamond Waveguides, Integrated Optics, Low Timing Jitter | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
We report on the design, fabrication and measurement of travelling-wave superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with polycrystalline diamond photonic circuits. We analyze their performance both in the near-infrared wavelength regime around 1600 nm and at 765 nm. Near-IR detection is important for compatibility with the telecommunication infrastructure, while operation in the visible wavelength range is relevant for compatibility with the emission line of silicon vacancy centers in diamond which can be used as efficient single-photon sources. Our detectors feature high critical currents (up to 31 μA) and high performance in terms of efficiency (up to 74% at 765 nm), noise-equivalent power (down to 4.4×10-19 W/Hz1/2 at 765 nm) and timing jitter (down to 23 ps). | ||||
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Publisher | Spie | Place of Publication | Editor | Broquin, J.-E.; Conti, G.N. | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1210 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; An, P.; Golikov, A.; Zubkova, E.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R. | ||||
Title | Superconducting single-photon detector for integrated waveguide spectrometer | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | EPJ Web Conf. | Abbreviated Journal | EPJ Web Conf. |
Volume | 190 | Issue | Pages | 04009 | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, Si3N4 waveguides, waveguide spectrometer | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
We present our recent achievements in the development of an on-chip spectrometer consisting of arrayed waveguide grating made of Si3N4 waveguides and NbN superconducting single-photon detector. | ||||
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ISSN | 2100-014X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1199 | |||
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Author | Shangina, E. L.; Smirnov, K. V.; Morozov, D. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A. A.; Toropov, A. I.; Mauskopf, P. | ||||
Title | Concentration dependence of energy relaxation time in AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions: direct measurements | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Semicond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Semicond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume | 26 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 025013 |
Keywords | AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
We present measurements of the energy relaxation time, τε, of electrons in a single heterojunction in a quasi-equilibrium state using microwave time-resolved spectroscopy at 4.2 K. We find the relaxation time has a power-law dependence on the carrier density of the two-dimensional electron gas, τε∝nγs with γ = 0.40 ± 0.02 for values of the carrier density, ns, from 1.6 × 1011 to 6.6 × 1011cm−2. The results are in good agreement with predictions taking into account the scattering of the carriers by both piezoelectric and deformation potential acoustic phonons. We compare these results with indirect measurements of the energy relaxation time from energy loss measurements involving Joule heating of the electron gas. | ||||
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ISSN | 0268-1242 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1215 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Pernice, W.; An, P.; Golikov, A.; Zubkova, E.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors for Integrated Nanophotonics Circuits | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | 16th ISEC | Abbreviated Journal | 16th ISEC |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-3 | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
We present an overview of our recent achievements in integration of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors SNSPD with dielectric optical waveguides. We are able to produce complex nanophotonics integrated circuits containing optical elements and photon detector on single chip thus producing a compact integrated platform for quantum optics applications. | ||||
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Call Number | 8314200 | Serial | 1200 | ||
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Author | Polyakova, M.; Semenov, A. V.; Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W. H. P.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Protocol of measuring hot-spot correlation length for SNSPDs with near-unity detection efficiency | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 29 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1-5 |
Keywords | SSPD, waveguide-integrated SNSPD, hot-spot interaction length | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
We present a simple quantum detector tomography protocol, which allows, without ambiguities, to measure the two-spot detection efficiency and extract the hot-spot interaction length of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) with unity intrinsic detection efficiency. We identify a significant parasitic contribution to the measured two-spot efficiency, related to an effect of the bias circuit, and find a way to rule out this contribution during data post-processing and directly in the experiment. From the data analysis for waveguide-integrated SNSPD, we find signatures of the saturation of the two-spot efficiency and hot-spot interaction length of order of 100 nm. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1187 | |||
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Author | Zubkova, E.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Integrated Bragg waveguides as an efficient optical notch filter on silicon nitride platform | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Proc. SPBOPEN | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPBOPEN |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 449-450 | ||
Keywords | Bragg waveguides | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
We modeled and fabricated integrated optical Bragg waveguides on a silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform. Transmission spectra of the integrated notch filter has been measured and attenuation at the desired wavelength of 1550 nm down to -43 dB was observed. | ||||
Address | St. Petersburg, Russia | ||||
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Notes | Duplicated as 1141 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1257 | |||
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Author | Zubkova, E.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Integrated Bragg waveguides as an efficient optical notch filter on silicon nitride platform | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 917 | Issue | Pages | 062042 | |
Keywords | Si3N4, Bragg waveguides | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
We modeled and fabricated integrated optical Bragg waveguides on a silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform. These waveguides would serve as efficient notch-filters with the desired characteristics. Transmission spectra of the fabricated integrated notch filters have been measured and attenuation at the desired wavelength of 1550 nm down to -43 dB was observed. Performance of the filters has been studied depending on different parameters, such as pitch, filling factor, and height of teeth of the Bragg grating | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 1141 | ||
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Author | Kovalyuk, V.; Hartmann, W.; Kahl, O.; Kaurova, N.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
Title | Absorption engineering of NbN nanowires deposited on silicon nitride nanophotonic circuits | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 22683-22692 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, NbN nanoeires, Si3N4 waveguides | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
We investigate the absorption properties of U-shaped niobium nitride (NbN) nanowires atop nanophotonic circuits. Nanowires as narrow as 20nm are realized in direct contact with Si3N4 waveguides and their absorption properties are extracted through balanced measurements. We perform a full characterization of the absorption coefficient in dependence of length, width and separation of the fabricated nanowires, as well as for waveguides with different cross-section and etch depth. Our results show excellent agreement with finite-element analysis simulations for all considered parameters. The experimental data thus allows for optimizing absorption properties of emerging single-photon detectors co-integrated with telecom wavelength optical circuits. | ||||
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ISSN | 1094-4087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:24104155 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1213 | |||
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Author | Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
Title | Waveguide-integrated single- and multi-photon detection at telecom wavelengths using superconducting nanowires | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 106 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 151101 (1 to 5) |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
We investigate single- and multi-photon detection regimes of superconducting nanowire detectors embedded in silicon nitride nanophotonic circuits. At near-infrared wavelengths, simultaneous detection of up to three photons is observed for 120 nm wide nanowires biased far from the critical current, while narrow nanowires below 100 nm provide efficient single photon detection. A theoretical model is proposed to determine the different detection regimes and to calculate the corresponding internal quantum efficiency. The predicted saturation of the internal quantum efficiency in the single photon regime agrees well with plateau behavior observed at high bias currents. W. H. P. Pernice acknowledges support by the DFG Grant Nos. PE 1832/1-1 and PE 1832/1-2 and the Helmholtz society through Grant No. HIRG-0005. The Ph.D. education of O. Kahl is embedded in the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP). G. N. Goltsman acknowledges support by Russian Federation President Grant HШ-1918.2014.2 and Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Contract No.: RFMEFI58614X0007. A. Korneev acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 3.1846.2014/k. V. Kovalyuk acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 2327. We also acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the State of Baden-Württemberg through the DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) within subproject A6.4. We thank S. Kühn and S. Diewald for the help with device fabrication as well as B. Voronov and A. Shishkin for help with NbN thin film deposition and A. Semenov for helpful discussion about the detection mechanism of nanowire SSPD's. The authors declare no competing financial interests. |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1211 | |||
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Author | Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Hartmann, W.; Vetter, A.; Kahl, O.; Lee, C.; Korneev, A.; Rockstuhl, C.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pernice, W. | ||||
Title | Hot-spot relaxation time current dependence in niobium nitride waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
Volume | 25 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 8739-8750 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, photon counting; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Integrated optics; Multiphoton processes; Photon statistics | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
We investigate how the bias current affects the hot-spot relaxation dynamics in niobium nitride. We use for this purpose a near-infrared pump-probe technique on a waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detector driven in the two-photon regime. We observe a strong increase in the picosecond relaxation time for higher bias currents. A minimum relaxation time of (22 +/- 1)ps is obtained when applying a bias current of 50% of the switching current at 1.7 K bath temperature. We also propose a practical approach to accurately estimate the photon detection regimes based on the reconstruction of the measured detector tomography at different bias currents and for different illumination conditions. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 1118 | ||
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