| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Verevkin, A.; Williams, C.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R.; Gilbert, G. |
|
| |
Title |
Single-photon superconducting detectors for practical high-speed quantum cryptography |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
OFCC/ICQI |
Abbreviated Journal |
OFCC/ICQI |
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
Pa3 |
|
| |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, QKD, quantum cryptography |
|
| |
Abstract |
We have developed an ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector with negligible dark counting rate. The detector is based on an ultrathin, submicron-wide NbN meander-type stripe and can detect individual photons in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range at a rate of at least 10 Gb/s. The above counting rate allows us to implement the NbN device to unconditionally secret quantum key distRochester, New Yorkribution in a practical, high-speed system using real-time Vernam enciphering. |
|
| |
Address  |
Rochester, New York |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Optical Society of America |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
Optical Fiber Communication Conference and International Conference on Quantum Information |
|
| |
Notes |
-- from poster session. |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1544 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Tong, C.-Y. E.; Meledin, D.; Loudkov, D.; Blundell, R.; Erickson, N.; Kawamura, J.; Mehdi, I.; Gol’tsman, G. |
|
| |
Title |
A 1.5 THz Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer operated by a planar diode based local oscillator |
Type |
Conference Article |
| |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest |
|
| |
Volume |
2 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
751-754 |
|
| |
Keywords |
waveguide NbN HEB mixers |
|
| |
Abstract |
We have developed a 1.5 THz superconducting NbN Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer. It is operated by an all-solid-state Local Oscillator comprising of a cascade of 4 planar doublers following an MMIC based W-band power amplifier. The threshold available pump power is estimated to be 1 /spl mu/W. |
|
| |
Address |
Philadelphia, PA, USA |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1516 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Smirnov, K. |
|
| |
Title |
Superconducting quantum detector for astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy |
Type |
Conference Article |
| |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proc. Int. Workshop on Supercond. Nano-Electronics Devices |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Int. Workshop on Supercond. Nano-Electronics Devices |
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
201-210 |
|
| |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, SQD, superconducting quantum detectors, X-ray spectroscopy |
|
| |
Abstract |
We propose the novel concept of ultra-sensitive energy-dispersive superconducting quantum detectors prospective for applications in astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy. Depending on the superconducting material and operation conditions, such detector may allow realizing background limited noise equivalent power 10−21 W Hz−1/2 in the terahertz range when exposed to 4-K background radiation or counting of 6-keV photon with almost 10—4 energy resolution. Planar layout and relatively simple technology favor integration of elementary detectors into a detector array. |
|
| |
Address |
Naples, Italy |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
Boston, MA |
Editor |
Pekola, J.; Ruggiero, B.; Silvestrini, P. |
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
978-1-4615-0737-6 |
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
International Workshop on Superconducting Nano-Electronics Devices, May 28-June 1, 2001 |
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
semenov2002superconducting |
Serial |
1525 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Blundell, R.; Kawamura, J. H.; Tong, C. E.; Papa, D. C.; Hunter, T. R.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
|
| |
Title |
A hot-electron bolometer mixer receiver for the 680-830 GHz frequency range |
Type |
Conference Article |
| |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Proc. 6-th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 6-th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electron. |
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
18-20 |
|
| |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
|
| |
Abstract |
We describe a heterodyne receiver designed to operate in the partially transparent atmospheric windows centered on 680 and 830 GHz. The receiver incorporates a niobium nitride thin film, cooled to 4.2 K, as the phonon-cooled hot-electron mixer element. The double sideband receiver noise, measured over the frequency range 680-830 GHz, is typically 700-1300 K. The instantaneous output bandwidth of the receiver is 600 MHz. This receiver has recently been used at the SubMillimeter Telescope, jointly operated by the Steward Observatory and the Max Planck Institute for Radioastronomy, for observations of the neutral carbon and CO spectral lines at 810 GHz and at 806 and 691 GHz respectively. Laboratory measurements on a second mixer in the same test receiver have yielded extended high frequency performance to 1 THz. |
|
| |
Address |
Leeds, UK |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
IEEE |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
0-7803-4903-2 |
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
IEEE Sixth International Conference on Terahertz Electronics Proceedings. THZ 98. (Cat. No.98EX171) |
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1581 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Maslennikov, S. N.; Morozov, D. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Okunev, O. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
|
| |
Title |
Imaging system for submillimeter wave range based on AlGaAs/GaAs hot electron bolometer mixers |
Type |
Conference Article |
| |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. 5-th MSMW |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 5-th MSMW |
|
| |
Volume |
2 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
558-560 |
|
| |
Keywords |
AlGaAs/GaAs HEB mixers |
|
| |
Abstract |
Electromagnetic radiation of the submillimeter (SMM) range is dispersed and absorbed significantly less than infrared (IR) radiation when passing through different objects. That is the reason for the development of an SMM imaging system. In this paper, we discuss the design of an SMM heterodyne imager, based on a matrix of AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure hot electron bolometer mixers (HEB) with relatively high (about 77 K) operating temperature. The predicted double side band (DSB) noise temperature is about 1000 K and optimal local oscillator (LO) power is about 1 /spl mu/W for such mixers, which seems to be quite prospective for an SMM heterodyne imager. |
|
| |
Address |
Kharkov, Ukraine |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
The Fifth International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Waves (IEEE Cat. No.04EX828) |
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1487 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Yagoubov, P.; Hübers, H.-W.; Gol’tsman, G.; Semenov, A.; Gao, J.; Hoogeveen, R.; de Graauw, T.; Birk, M.; Selig, A.; de Korte, P. |
|
| |
Title |
Hot-electron bolometer mixers – technology for far-infrared heterodyne instruments in future atmospheric chemistry missions |
Type |
Conference Article |
| |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Submillimeter Wave Earth Observation From Space |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Submillimeter Wave Earth Observation From Space |
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
57-69 |
|
| |
Keywords |
HEB mixers |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
Delmenhorst |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Logos-Verlag |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
Buehler, S.; Berlin |
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
3-89722-700-2 |
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
International Symposium on Submillimeter Wave Earth Observation from Space, ISSMWEOS01 |
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1549 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Baselmans, J.; Kooi, J.; Baryshev, A.; Yang, Z. Q.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
|
| |
Title |
Full characterization of small volume NbN HEB mixers for space applications |
Type |
Conference Article |
| |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
457-462 |
|
| |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
|
| |
Abstract |
NbN phonon cooled HEB’s are one of the most promising bolometer mixer technologies for (near) future (space) applications. Their performance is usually quantified by mea- suring the receiver noise temperature at a given IF frequency, usually around 1 – 2 GHz. However, for any real applications it is vital that one fully knows all the relevant properties of the mixer, including LO power, stability, direct detection, gain bandwidth and noise bandwidth, not only the noise temperature at low IF frequencies. To this aim we have measured all these parameters at the optimal operating point of one single, small volume quasioptical NbN HEB mixer. We find a minimum noise temperature of 900 K at 1.46 THz. We observe a direct detection effect indicated by a change in bias current when changing from a 300 K hot load to a 77 K cold load. Due to this effect we overestimate the noise temperature by about 22% using a 300 K hot load and a 77 K cold load. The LO power needed to reach the optimal operating point is 80 nW at the receiver lens front, 59 nW inside the NbN bridge. However, using the isothermal technique we find a power absorbed in the NbN bridge of 25 nW, a difference of about a factor 2. We obtain a gain bandwidth of 2.3 GHz and a noise bandwidth of 4 GHz. The system Allan time is about 1 sec. in a 50 MHz spectral bandwidth and a deviation from white noise integration (governed by the radiometer equation) occurs at 0.2 sec., which implies a maximum integration time of a few seconds in a 1 MHz bandwidth spectrometer. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Göteborg, Sweden |
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
363 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Merkel, H. F.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Kroug, M.; Khosropanah, P.; Kollberg, E. L.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
|
| |
Title |
Noise temperature and absorbed LO power measurement methods for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at terahertz frequencies |
Type |
Conference Article |
| |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Proc. 28th European Microwave Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 28th European Microwave Conf. |
|
| |
Volume |
1 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
294-299 |
|
| |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
|
| |
Abstract |
In this paper the absorbed LO power requirements and the noise performance of NbN based phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixers are investigated for RF frequencies in the 0.55-1.1 range The minimal measured DSB noise temperatures are about 500 K at 640 GHz, 600 K at 750 GHz, 850 K at 910 GHz and 1250 K at 1.1 THz. The increase in noise temperature at 1.1THz is attributed to water absorption. The absorbed LO power is measured using a calorimetric approach. The results are subsequently corrected for lattice heating. These values are compared to results of a novel one dimensional hot spot mixer models and to a more traditional isotherm method which tends to underestimate the absorbed LO power for small bias powers. Typically a LO power between 50nW and 100nW is needed to pump the device to the optimal operating point. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
28th European Microwave Conference |
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1580 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Il’in, K. S.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Sobolewski, R. |
|
| |
Title |
Ultimate quantum efficiency of a superconducting hot-electron photodetector |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
|
| |
Volume |
73 |
Issue |
26 |
Pages |
3938-3940 |
|
| |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
|
| |
Abstract |
The quantum efficiency and current and voltage responsivities of fast hot-electron photodetectors, fabricated from superconducting NbN thin films and biased in the resistive state, have been shown to reach values of 340, 220 A/W, and 4×104 V/W,
respectively, for infrared radiation with a wavelength of 0.79 μm. The characteristics of the photodetectors are presented within the general model, based on relaxation processes in the nonequilibrium electron heating of a superconducting thin film. The observed, very high efficiency and sensitivity of the superconductor absorbing the photon are explained by the high multiplication rate of quasiparticles during the avalanche breaking of Cooper pairs. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0003-6951 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1579 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Huebers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. |
|
| |
Title |
Superconducting hot electron bolometer as mixer for far-infrared heterodyne receivers |
Type |
Conference Article |
| |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
|
| |
Volume |
4855 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
395-401 |
|
| |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
|
| |
Abstract |
Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy need quantum limited sensitivity. In instruments which are currently under development for SOFIA or Herschel superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) will be used to achieve this goal at frequencies above 1.4 THz. We present results of the development of a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer for GREAT, the German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies, which will be flown aboard SOFIA. The mixer is a small superconducting bridge incorporated in a planar feed antenna and a hyperhemispherical lens. Mixers with logarithmic-spiral and double-slot feed antennas have been investigated with respect to their noise temperature, conversion loss, linearity and beam pattern. At 2.5 THz a double sideband noise temperature of 2200 K was achieved. The conversion loss was 17 dB. The response of the mixer was linear up to 400 K load temperature. The performance was verified by measuring an emission line of methanol at 2.5 THz. The measured linewidth is in good agreement with the linewidth deduced from pressure broadening measurements at millimeter wavelength. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for far-infrared heterodyne receivers. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
SPIE |
Place of Publication |
Tucson, USA |
Editor |
Phillips, T. G.; Zmuidzinas, J. |
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
Presented at the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference |
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
4855 |
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy |
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
335 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
