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Author (up) Anant, Vikas; Kerman, Andrew J.; Dauler, Eric A.; Yang, Joel K. W.; Rosfjord, Krist.ine M.; Berggren, Karl K.
Title Optical properties of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express
Volume 16 Issue 14 Pages 10750
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ISSN 1094-4087 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ s @ Serial 413
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Author (up) Hu, Xiaolong; Dauler, Eric A.; Molnar, Richard J.; Berggren, Karl K.
Title Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors integrated with optical nano-antennae Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express
Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 17-31
Keywords optical antennas
Abstract Optical nano-antennae have been integrated with semiconductor lasers to intensify light at the nanoscale and photodiodes to enhance photocurrent. In quantum optics, plasmonic metal structures have been used to enhance nonclassical light emission from single quantum dots. Absorption and detection of single photons from free space could also be enhanced by nanometallic antennae, but this has not previously been demonstrated. Here, we use nano-optical transmission effects in a one-dimensional gold structure, combined with optical cavity resonance, to form optical nano-antennae, which are further used to couple single photons from free space into a 80-nm-wide superconducting nanowire. This antenna-assisted coupling enables a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with 47% device efficiency at the wavelength of 1550 nm and 9-μm-by-9-μm active area while maintaining a reset time of only 5 ns. We demonstrate nanoscale antenna-like structures to achieve exceptional efficiency and speed in single-photon detection.
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Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 745
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Author (up) Huang, Kevin C. Y.; Jun, Young Chul; Seo, Min-Kyo; Brongersma, Mark L.
Title Power flow from a dipole emitter near an optical antenna Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express
Volume 19 Issue 20 Pages 19084-19092
Keywords optical antennas
Abstract Current methods to calculate the emission enhancement of a quantum emitter coupled to an optical antenna of arbitrary geometry rely on analyzing the total Poynting vector power flow out of the emitter or the dyadic Green functions from full-field numerical simulations. Unfortunately, these methods do not provide information regarding the nature of the dominant energy decay pathways. We present a new approach that allows for a rigorous separation, quantification, and visualization of the emitter output power flow captured by an antenna and the subsequent reradiation power flow to the far field. Such analysis reveals unprecedented details of the emitter/antenna coupling mechanisms and thus opens up new design strategies for strongly interacting emitter/antenna systems used in sensing, active plasmonics and metamaterials, and quantum optics.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 743
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Author (up) Huebers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Pavlov, S.; Semenov, A.; Köhler, R.; Mahler, L.; Tredicucci, A.; Beere, H.; Ritchie, D.; Linfield, E.
Title Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal
Volume 13 Issue 15 Pages 5890-5896
Keywords QCL heterodyne, 6 mW at 2.5 THz, HEB mixer, terahertz
Abstract Terahertz quantum cascade lasers have been investigated with respect to their performance as a local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver. The beam profile has been measured and transformed in to a close to Gaussian profile resulting in a good matching between the field patterns of the quantum cascade laser and the antenna of a superconducting hot electron bolometric mixer. Noise temperature measurements with the hot electron bolometer and a 2.5 THz quantum cascade laser yielded the same result as with a gas laser as local oscillator.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 627
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Author (up) Kern, Pierre; Le Coärer, Etienne; Benech, Pierre
Title On-chip spectro-detection for fully integrated coherent beam combiners Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt.Express
Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 1976-1987
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Abstract This paper presents how photonics associated with new arising detection technologies is able to provide fully integrated instrument for coherent beam combination applied to astrophysical interferometry. The feasibility and operation of on-chip coherent beam combiners has been already demonstrated using various interferometric combination schemes. More recently we proposed a new detection principle aimed at directly sampling and extracting the spectral information of an input signal together with its flux level measurement. The so-called SWIFTS demonstrated concept that stands for Stationary-Wave Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer, provides full spectral and spatial information recorded simultaneously thanks to a motionless detecting device. Due to some newly available detection principles considered for the implementation of the SWIFTS concept, some technologies can even provide photo-counting operation that brought a significant extension of the interferometry domain of investigation in astrophysics. The proposed concept is applicable to most of the interferometric instrumental modes including fringe tracking, fast and sensitive detection, Fourier spectral reconstruction and also to manage a large number of incoming beams. The paper presents three practical implementations, two dealing with pair-wise integrated optics beam combinations and the third one with an all-in-one 8 beam combination. In all cases the principles turned into a pair wise baseline coding after proper data processing.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 650
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Author (up) Lee, Ju-Hyun; Kim, Dong-Woo; Wu, Yung-Hsun; Yu, Chang-Jae; Lee, Sin-Doo; Wu, Shin-Tson
Title High-speed infrared phase modulators using short helical pitch ferroelectric liquid crystals Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express
Volume 13 Issue 20 Pages 7732
Keywords IR modulator
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ISSN 1094-4087 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 541
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Author (up) Lydersen, Lars; Wiechers, Carlos; Wittmann, Christoffer; Elser, Dominique; Skaar, Johannes; Makarov, Vadim
Title Thermal blinding of gated detectors in quantum cryptography Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express
Volume 18 Issue 26 Pages 27938-27954
Keywords quantum cryptography; QKD; hacking; SPD; APD
Abstract It has previously been shown that the gated detectors of two commercially available quantum key distribution (QKD) systems are blindable and controllable by an eavesdropper using continuous-wave illumination and short bright trigger pulses, manipulating voltages in the circuit [L. Lydersen et al., Nat. Photonics DOI:10.1038/nphoton.2010.214]. This allows for an attack eavesdropping the full raw and secret key without increasing the quantum bit error rate (QBER). Here we show how thermal effects in detectors under bright illumination can lead to the same outcome. We demonstrate that the detectors in a commercial QKD system Clavis2 can be blinded by heating the avalanche photo diodes (APDs) using bright illumination, so-called thermal blinding. Further, the detectors can be triggered using short bright pulses once they are blind. For systems with pauses between packet transmission such as the plug-and-play systems, thermal inertia enables Eve to apply the bright blinding illumination before eavesdropping, making her more difficult to catch.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 729
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Author (up) Miller, Aaron J.; Lita, Adriana E.; Calkins, Brice; Vayshenker, Igor; Gruber, Steven M.; Nam, Sae Woo
Title Compact cryogenic self-aligning fiber-to-detector coupling with losses below one percent Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express
Volume 19 Issue 10 Pages 9102-9110
Keywords TES
Abstract We present a compact packaging technique for coupling light from a single-mode telecommunication fiber to cryogenic single-photon sensitive devices. Our single-photon detectors are superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) with a collection area only a factor of a few larger than the area of the fiber core which presents significant challenges to low-loss fiber-to-detector coupling. The coupling method presented here has low loss, cryogenic compatibility, easy and reproducible assembly and low component cost. The system efficiency of the packaged single-photon counting detectors is verified by the “triplet method” of power-source calibration along with the “multiple attenuator” method that produces a calibrated single-photon flux. These calibration techniques, when used in combination with through-wafer imaging and fiber back-reflection measurements, give us confidence that we have achieved coupling losses below 1 % for all devices packaged according to the self-alignment method presented in this paper.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 666
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Author (up) Rabanus, D.; Graf, U. U.; Philipp, M.; Ricken, O.; Stutzki, J.; Vowinkel, B.; Wiedner, M. C.; Walther, C.; Fischer, M.; Faist, J.
Title Phase locking of a 1.5 terahertz quantum cascade laser and use as a local oscillator in a heterodyne HEB receiver Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal
Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 1159-1168
Keywords QCL heterodyne, 300 uW at 1.5 THz, HEB mixer
Abstract We demonstrate for the first time the closure of an electronic phase lock loop for a continuous–wave quantum cascade laser (QCL) at 1.5 THz. The QCL is operated in a closed cycle cryo cooler. We achieved a frequency stability of better than 100 Hz, limited by the resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyser. The PLL electronics make use of the intermediate frequency (IF) obtained from a hot electron bolometer (HEB) which is downconverted to a PLL IF of 125 MHz. The coarse selection of the longitudinal mode and the fine tuning is achieved via the bias voltage of the QCL. Within a QCL cavity mode, the free-running QCL shows frequency fluctuations of about 5 MHz, which the PLL circuit is able to control via the Stark–shift of the QCL gain material. Temperature dependent tuning is shown to be nonlinear, and of the order of -16 MHz/K. Additionally we have used the QCL as local oscillator (LO) to pump an HEB and perform, again for the first time at 1.5 THz, a heterodyne experiment, and obtain a receiver noise temperature of 1741 K.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 628
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Author (up) Stevens, Martin J.; Baek, Burm; Dauler, Eric A.; Kerman, Andrew J.; Molnar, Richard J.; Hamilton, Scott A.; Berggren, Karl K.; Mirin, Richard P.; Nam, Sae Woo
Title High-order temporal coherences of
chaotic and laser light Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express
Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 1430-1437
Keywords SNSPD
Abstract We demonstrate a new approach to measuring high-order temporal coherences that uses a four-element superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. The four independent, interleaved single-photon-sensitive elements parse a single spatial mode of an optical beam over dimensions smaller than the minimum diffraction-limited spot size. Integrating this device with four-channel time-tagging electronics to generate multi-start, multi-stop histograms enables measurement of temporal coherences up to fourth order for a continuous range of all associated time delays. We observe high-order photon bunching from a chaotic, pseudo-thermal light source, measuring maximum third- and fourth-order coherence values of 5.87 ± 0.17 and 23.1 ± 1.8, respectively, in agreement with the theoretically predicted values of 3! = 6 and 4! = 24. Laser light, by contrast, is confirmed to have coherence values of approximately 1 for second, third and fourth orders at all time delays.
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Notes SSPD Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 685
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