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Author Heeres, R.W.; Dorenbos, S.N.; Koene, B.; Solomon, G.S.; Kouwenhoven, L.P.; Zwiller, V. doi  openurl
  Title On-Chip Single Plasmon Detection Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Nano Letters Abbreviated Journal Nano Lett.  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages 661-664  
  Keywords optical antennas; SSPD; Single surface plasmons; superconducting detectors; semiconductor quantum dots; nanophotonics  
  Abstract Surface plasmon polaritons (plasmons) have the potential to interface electronic and optical devices. They could prove extremely useful for integrated quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate on-chip electrical detection of single plasmons propagating along gold waveguides. The plasmons are excited using the single-photon emission of an optically emitting quantum dot. After propagating for several micrometers, the plasmons are coupled to a superconducting detector in the near-field. Correlation measurements prove that single plasmons are being detected.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ akorneev @ Serial 620  
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Author Hocker, L. O.; Sokoloff, D. R.; Daneu, V.; Szoke, A.; Javan, A. openurl 
  Title Frequency mixing in the infrared and far-infrared using a metal-to-metal point contact diode Type Journal Article
  Year 1968 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl Phys Lett  
  Volume 12 Issue 12 Pages  
  Keywords optical antennas  
  Abstract Metal‐to‐metal point contact diodes were used to obtain the 54‐GHz beat notes between two adjacent 10.6‐μ CO2 laser transitions. The speed of the diodes in the far‐infrared is at least 1000 GHz. This was tested with a 337‐μ HCN laser.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 742  
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Author Hu, Xiaolong; Dauler, Eric A.; Kerman, Andrew J.; Yang, Joel K. W.; White, James E.; Herder, Charles H.; Berggren, Karl K. openurl 
  Title Using surface plasmons to enhance the speed and efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors Type Conference Article
  Year 2009 Publication Proceedings of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2009 and 2009 Conference on Quantum electronics and Laser Science Conference Abbreviated Journal Proc of Conf. on Lasers and El.-Opt.  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-2  
  Keywords optical antennas  
  Abstract We report our design and fabrication of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors integrated with gold plasmonic nanostructures, which can enhance the absorption of TM-polarized light, and can enlarge the effective area without sacrificing detector speed.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 744  
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Author Hu, Xiaolong; Dauler, Eric A.; Molnar, Richard J.; Berggren, Karl K. openurl 
  Title Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors integrated with optical nano-antennae Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express  
  Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 17-31  
  Keywords optical antennas  
  Abstract Optical nano-antennae have been integrated with semiconductor lasers to intensify light at the nanoscale and photodiodes to enhance photocurrent. In quantum optics, plasmonic metal structures have been used to enhance nonclassical light emission from single quantum dots. Absorption and detection of single photons from free space could also be enhanced by nanometallic antennae, but this has not previously been demonstrated. Here, we use nano-optical transmission effects in a one-dimensional gold structure, combined with optical cavity resonance, to form optical nano-antennae, which are further used to couple single photons from free space into a 80-nm-wide superconducting nanowire. This antenna-assisted coupling enables a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with 47% device efficiency at the wavelength of 1550 nm and 9-μm-by-9-μm active area while maintaining a reset time of only 5 ns. We demonstrate nanoscale antenna-like structures to achieve exceptional efficiency and speed in single-photon detection.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 745  
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Author Huang, Kevin C. Y.; Jun, Young Chul; Seo, Min-Kyo; Brongersma, Mark L. openurl 
  Title Power flow from a dipole emitter near an optical antenna Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express  
  Volume 19 Issue 20 Pages 19084-19092  
  Keywords optical antennas  
  Abstract Current methods to calculate the emission enhancement of a quantum emitter coupled to an optical antenna of arbitrary geometry rely on analyzing the total Poynting vector power flow out of the emitter or the dyadic Green functions from full-field numerical simulations. Unfortunately, these methods do not provide information regarding the nature of the dominant energy decay pathways. We present a new approach that allows for a rigorous separation, quantification, and visualization of the emitter output power flow captured by an antenna and the subsequent reradiation power flow to the far field. Such analysis reveals unprecedented details of the emitter/antenna coupling mechanisms and thus opens up new design strategies for strongly interacting emitter/antenna systems used in sensing, active plasmonics and metamaterials, and quantum optics.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 743  
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Author Kawakami, A; Saito, S.; Hyodo, M. openurl 
  Title Fabrication of nano-antennas for superconducting Infrared detectors Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 632-635  
  Keywords optical antennas, NbN/MgO/NbN/TiN/Al HEB, dipole antennas, IR, infrared  
  Abstract To improve the response performance of superconducting infrared detectors, we have developed a fabrication process for nano-antennas. A nano-antenna consists of a dipole antenna, and a superconducting thin film strip placed in the antenna's center. By measuring the transition temperature of the superconducting strips, we confirmed that their superconductivity maintained a good condition after the nano-antenna fabrication process. We also evaluated nano-antenna characteristics using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The evaluated antenna length and width were respectively set at around 2400 nm and 400 nm, and the antennas were placed at intervals of several micrometers around the area of 1 mm2 . In an evaluation of spectral transmission characteristics, clear absorption caused by antenna effects was observed at around 1400 cm-1. High polarization dependencies were also observed.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 761  
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Author Kosako, Terukazu; Kadoya, Yutaka; Hofmann, Holger F. openurl 
  Title Directional control of light by a nano-optical Yagi–Uda antenna Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Nature Photonics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Photon.  
  Volume 4 Issue Pages 312 - 315  
  Keywords optical antennas  
  Abstract The plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles can direct light from optical emitters in much the same way that radiofrequency antennas direct the emission from electrical circuits. Recently, rapid progress has been made in the realization of single-element antennas for optical waves. Because most of these devices are designed to optimize the local near-field coupling between the antenna and an emitter, the possibility of modifying the spatial radiation pattern has not yet received as much attention. In the radiofrequency regime, a typical antenna design for high directivity is the Yagi–Uda antenna, which essentially consists of a one-dimensional array of antenna elements driven by a single feed element. By fabricating a corresponding array of nanoparticles, similar radiation patterns can be obtained in the optical regime. Here, we present the experimental demonstration of directional control of radiation from a nano-optical Yagi–Uda antenna composed of appropriately tuned gold nanorods.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 747  
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Author Kramer, B.; Chen, C-C.; Volakis, J.D. openurl 
  Title The development of a mini-UWB antenna Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Measurement and Techniques Association Symposium Abbreviated Journal AMTA  
  Volume Issue Pages 6  
  Keywords optical antennas; Ultra Wide Band; Spiral Antenna, Dielectric Loading  
  Abstract There is a great interest in the automotive and military sectors for small and broadband antennas that meet modern communication needs. These needs require ultra-wide bandwidth (>10:1) UWB antennas, such as the spiral antenna. However, the physical size at the low-frequency end typically becomes too large for practical applications. To reduce the size of the antenna, miniaturization techniques must be employed such as the use of high-contrast dielectric materials. Size reduction using high-contrast materials has been demonstrated for narrowband antennas, such as patch antennas, but not for broadband antennas to our knowledge. Therefore, the concept of miniaturizing a broadband spiral antenna using dielectric materials will be investigated experimentally and numerically.Issues that arise from dielectric loading such as impedance reduction will also be addressed. It will be shown using the results from these studies that there are practical limitations to the amount of miniaturization which can be achieved.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 751  
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Author Novotny, L. openurl 
  Title The history of near-field optics Type Manuscript
  Year 2007 Publication Progress in Optics Abbreviated Journal Prog. Opt.  
  Volume 50 Issue Pages 137-180  
  Keywords optical antennas  
  Abstract This article provides a review of early work and developments in the field of near-field optics. The roots trace back to the letters exchanged between Edward Hutchinson Synge and Albert Einstein in 1928 and, because of the analogy to antenna theory and lightning rods, the origins project back to the time of Benjamin Franklin who discovered the wonderful Effect of Points both in drawing off and throwing off the Electrical Fire. The modern interest was mainly inspired by the invention of scanning probe microscopy and by the first optical near-field measurements by Dieter W. Pohl and co-workers at the IBM Research Laboratory in R¨uschlikon, Switzerland, and also by parallel developments of other groups. Near-field optics received inspiration from the fields of surface enhanced spectroscopy and from studies of energy transfer. While optical near-fields were extensively exploited for overcoming the diffraction limit in optical imaging the study of their physical aspects revealed unique properties which cannot be imitated by free propagating radiation.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 752  
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Author Novotny, Lukas openurl 
  Title Effective wavelength scaling for optical antennas Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Phys. Rev. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. Lett.  
  Volume 98 Issue 26 Pages 266802(1-4)  
  Keywords optical antennas  
  Abstract In antenna theory, antenna parameters are directly related to the wavelength λ of incident radiation, but this scaling fails at optical frequencies where metals behave as strongly coupled plasmas. In this Letter we show that antenna designs can be transferred to the optical frequency regime by replacing λ by a linearly scaled effective wavelength λeff=n1+n2λ/λp, with λp being the plasma wavelength and n1, n2 being coefficients that depend on geometry and material properties. It is assumed that the antenna is made of linear segments with radii Râ‰<aa>λ. Optical antennas hold great promise for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, and optical sensors.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 749  
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