Sprengers, J. P., Gaggero, A., Sahin, D., Jahanmirinejad, S., Frucci, G., Mattioli, F., et al. (2011). Waveguide superconducting single-photon detectors for integrated quantum photonic circuits. Appl. Phys. Lett., 99(18), 181110(1–3).
Abstract: The monolithic integration of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits, and single-photon detectors enables complex and scalable quantum photonic integrated circuits, for application in linear-optics quantum computing and quantum communications. Here, we demonstrate a key component of such a circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (~0%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (~0 ps), and response time in the ns range and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks, and modulators.
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Sprengers, J. P., Gaggero, A., Sahin, D., Nejad, S. J., Mattioli, F., Leoni, R., et al. (2011). Waveguide single-photon detectors for integrated quantum photonic circuits. arXiv, , 11.
Abstract: he generation, manipulation and detection of quantum bits (qubits) encoded on single photons is at the heart of quantum communication and optical quantum information processing. The combination of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits and single-photon detectors enables quantum repeaters and qubit amplifiers, and also forms the basis of all-optical quantum gates and of linear-optics quantum computing. However, the monolithic integration of sources, waveguides and detectors on the same chip, as needed for scaling to meaningful number of qubits, is very challenging, and previous work on quantum photonic circuits has used external sources and detectors. Here we propose an approach to a fully-integrated quantum photonic circuit on a semiconductor chip, and demonstrate a key component of such circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (20%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (60 ps), response time in the ns range, and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks and modulators.
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Sprengers, J. P., Gaggero, A., Sahin, D., Nejad, S. J., Mattioli, F., Leoni, R., et al. (2011). Waveguide single-photon detectors for integrated quantum photonic circuits. In arXiv (Vol. 1108.5107, pp. 1–11).
Abstract: The generation, manipulation and detection of quantum bits (qubits) encoded on single photons is at the heart of quantum communication and optical quantum information processing. The combination of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits and single-photon detectors enables quantum repeaters and qubit amplifiers, and also forms the basis of all-optical quantum gates and of linear-optics quantum computing. However, the monolithic integration of sources, waveguides and detectors on the same chip, as needed for scaling to meaningful number of qubits, is very challenging, and previous work on quantum photonic circuits has used external sources and detectors. Here we propose an approach to a fully-integrated quantum photonic circuit on a semiconductor chip, and demonstrate a key component of such circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (20%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (60 ps), response time in the ns range, and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks and modulators.
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Stellari, F., & Song, P. (2005). Testing of ultra low voltage CMOS microprocessors using the superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). In Proc. 12th IPFA (2). IEEE.
Abstract: In F. Stellari and P. Song (2004) the authors have shown a comparison among different detectors used for diagnosing integrated circuits (ICs) by means of the PICA method. In their experiments they used two versions of the SSPD detector (p-SSPD is a prototype version, while c-SSPD is the first commercially available generation of the detector as presented in W. K. Lo et al. (2002), as well as the imaging detector (S-25 photo-multiplier tube (PMT) as discussed in W. G. McMullan (1987)) used in the conventional PICA technique. A microprocessor chip fabricated in a 0.13 μm 1.2 V technology is used to show that c-SSPD provides a significant reduction in acquisition time for the collection of optical waveforms from chips running at very low. In this paper, the authors summarize the main results.
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Steudle, G. A., Schietinger, S., Höckel, D., Dorenbos, S. N., Zadeh, I. E., Zwiller, V., et al. (2012). Measuring the quantum nature of light with a single source and a single detector. Phys. Rev. A, 86(5), 053814.
Abstract: An elementary experiment in optics consists of a light source and a detector. Yet, if the source generates nonclassical correlations such an experiment is capable of unambiguously demonstrating the quantum nature of light. We realized such an experiment with a defect center in diamond and a superconducting detector. Previous experiments relied on more complex setups, such as the Hanbury Brown and Twiss configuration, where a beam splitter directs light to two photodetectors, creating the false impression that the beam splitter is a fundamentally required element. As an additional benefit, our results provide a simplification of the widely used photon-correlation techniques.
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Stevens, M., Hadfeld, R., Schwall, R., Nam, S. W., & and Mirin, R. (2006). Quantum dot single photon sources studied with superconducting single photon detectors. IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., 12(6), 1255–1267.
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Stevens, M., Hadfield, R., Schwall, R., Nam, S. W., Mirin, R., & Gupta, J. (2006). Fast lifetime measurements of infrared emitters using a low-jitter superconduct- ing single-photon detector. Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, 031109.
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Stevens, M. J., Baek, B., Dauler, E. A., Kerman, A. J., Molnar, R. J., Hamilton, S. A., et al. (2010). High-order temporal coherences of
chaotic and laser light. Opt. Express, 18(2), 1430–1437.
Abstract: We demonstrate a new approach to measuring high-order temporal coherences that uses a four-element superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. The four independent, interleaved single-photon-sensitive elements parse a single spatial mode of an optical beam over dimensions smaller than the minimum diffraction-limited spot size. Integrating this device with four-channel time-tagging electronics to generate multi-start, multi-stop histograms enables measurement of temporal coherences up to fourth order for a continuous range of all associated time delays. We observe high-order photon bunching from a chaotic, pseudo-thermal light source, measuring maximum third- and fourth-order coherence values of 5.87 ± 0.17 and 23.1 ± 1.8, respectively, in agreement with the theoretically predicted values of 3! = 6 and 4! = 24. Laser light, by contrast, is confirmed to have coherence values of approximately 1 for second, third and fourth orders at all time delays.
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Stucki, D., Walenta, N., Vannel, F., Thew, R. T., Gisin, N., Zbinden, H., et al. (2009). High rate long-distance quantum key distribution over 250 km of ultra low loss fibres. New J. Phys., 11(7), 075003.
Abstract: We present a fully automated quantum key distribution prototype running at 625 MHz clock rate. Taking advantage of ultra low loss fibres and low-noise superconducting detectors, we can distribute 6,000 secret bits per second over 100 km and 15 bits per second over 250km.
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Stucki, D., Barreiro, C., Fasel, S., Gautier, J. - D., Gay, O., Gisin, N., et al. (2009). Continuous high speed coherent one-way quantum key distribution. Opt. Express, 17(16), 13326–13334.
Abstract: Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the first commercial quantum technology operating at the level of single quanta and is a leading light for quantum-enabled photonic technologies. However, controlling these quantum optical systems in real world environments presents significant challenges. For the first time, we have brought together three key concepts for future QKD systems: a simple high-speed protocol; high performance detection; and integration both, at the component level and for standard fibre network connectivity. The QKD system is capable of continuous and autonomous operation, generating secret keys in real time. Laboratory and field tests were performed and comparisons made with robust InGaAs avalanche photodiodes and superconducting detectors. We report the first real world implementation of a fully functional QKD system over a 43dB-loss (150km) transmission line in the Swisscom fibre optic network where we obtained average real-time distribution rates over 3 hours of 2.5bps.
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