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Author | Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lee, C.; Rockstuhl, C.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pernice, W. | ||||
Title | Analysis of the detection response of waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors at high count rate | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 115 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 101104 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, waveguide | ||||
Abstract | Nanophotonic circuitry and superconducting nanowires have been successfully combined for detecting single photons, propagating in an integrated photonic circuit, with high efficiency and low noise and timing uncertainty. Waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) can nowadays be engineered to achieve subnanosecond recovery times and can potentially be adopted for applications requiring Gcps count rates. However, particular attention shall be paid to such an extreme count rate regime since artifacts in the detector functionality emerge. In particular, a count-rate dependent detection efficiency has been encountered that can compromise the accuracy of quantum detector tomography experiments. Here, we investigate the response of waveguide-integrated SNSPDs at high photon flux and identify the presence of parasitic currents due to the accumulation of charge in the readout electronics to cause the above-mentioned artifact in the detection efficiency. Our approach allows us to determine the maximum photon count rate at which the detector can be operated without adverse effects. Our findings are particularly important to avoid artifacts when applying SNSPDs for quantum tomography. We acknowledge support through ERC Consolidator Grant No. 724707 and from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through Project No. PE 1832/5-1,2, as well as funding by the Volkswagen Foundation. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 675745. V.K. and G.G. acknowledge support from the Russian Science Foundation Project No. 16-12-00045 (NbN film deposition and testing). A.V. acknowledges support from the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP). |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1185 | |||
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Author | Fiore, A.; Marsili, F.; Bitauld, D.; Gaggero, A.; Leoni, R.; Mattioli, F.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Minaeva, O.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Counting photons using a nanonetwork of superconducting wires | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Nano-Net | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 120-122 | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We show how the parallel connection of photo-sensitive superconducting nanowires can be used to count the number of photons in an optical pulse, down to the single-photon level. Using this principle we demonstrate photon-number resolving detectors with unprecedented sensitivity and speed at telecommunication wavelengths. | ||||
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Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Berlin, Heidelberg | Editor | Cheng, M. |
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ISSN | 978-3-642-02427-6 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | 10.1007/978-3-642-02427-6_20 | Serial | 1242 | ||
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Author | Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Devizenko, A. Y.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Photon counting statistics of superconducting single-photon detectors made of a three-layer WSi film | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Low Temp. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | Low Temp. Phys. |
Volume | 44 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 221-225 |
Keywords | WSi SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) are used in quantum optics when record-breaking time resolution, high speed, and exceptionally low levels of dark counts (false readings) are required. Their detection efficiency is limited, however, by the absorption coefficient of the ultrathin superconducting film for the detected radiation. One possible way of increasing the detector absorption without limiting its broadband response is to make a detector in the form of several vertically stacked layers and connect them in parallel. For the first time we have studied single-photon detection in a multilayer structure consisting of three superconducting layers of amorphous tungsten silicide (WSi) separated by thin layers of amorphous silicon. Two operating modes of the detector are illustrated: an avalanche regime and an arm-trigger regime. A shift in these modes occurs at currents of ∼0.5–0.6 times the critical current of the detector. This work was supported by technical task No. 88 for scientific research at the National Research University “Higher School of Economics,” Grant No. 14.V25.31.0007 from the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, and the work of G. N. Goltsman was supported by task No. 3.7328.2017/VU of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. |
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ISSN | 1063-777X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1310 | |||
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Author | Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Sidorova, M. V.; Golikov, A. D.; Gaiduchenko, I. A.; Fedorov, G. E.; Korneev, A. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Samartsev, V. V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Karimullin, K. R. | ||||
Title | Energy relaxtation and hot spot formation in superconducting single photon detectors SSPDs | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | EPJ Web of Conferences | Abbreviated Journal | EPJ Web of Conferences |
Volume | 103 | Issue | Pages | 10004 (1 to 2) | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We have studied the mechanism of energy relaxation and resistive state formation after absorption of a single photon for different wavelengths and materials of single photon detectors. Our results are in good agreement with the hot spot model. | ||||
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ISSN | 2100-014X | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1351 | |||
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Author | Gaggero, A.; Nejad, S. Jahanmiri; Marsili, F.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Bitauld, D.; Sahin, D.; Hamhuis, G. J.; Nötzel, R.; Sanjines, R.; Fiore, A. | ||||
Title | Nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors on GaAs for integrated quantum photonic applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 97 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 3 |
Keywords | SSPD | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate efficient nanowire superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs) based on NbN thin films grown on GaAs. NbN films ranging from 3 to 5 nm in thickness have been deposited by dc magnetron sputtering on GaAs substrates at 350 °C. These films show superconducting properties comparable to similar films grown on sapphire and MgO. In order to demonstrate the potential for monolithic integration, SSPDs were fabricated and measured on GaAs/AlAs Bragg mirrors, showing a clear cavity enhancement, with a peak quantum efficiency of 18.3% at λ = 1300 nm and T = 4.2 K. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 681 | ||
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Author | Glejm, A. V.; Anisimov, A. A.; Asnis, L. N.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Egorov, V. I.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Kynev, S. M.; Nazarov, Yu. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Rupasov, A. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Smirnov, M. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kozlov, S. A. | ||||
Title | Quantum key distribution in an optical fiber at distances of up to 200 km and a bit rate of 180 bit/s | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 78 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 171-175 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, applications | ||||
Abstract | An experimental demonstration of a subcarrier-wave quantum cryptography system with superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) that distributes a secure key in a single-mode fiber at distance of 25 km with a bit rate of 800 kbit/s, a distance of 100 km with a bit rate of 19 kbit/s, and a distance of 200 km with a bit rate of 0.18 kbit/s is described. | ||||
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ISSN | 1062-8738 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 940 | ||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Rubtsova, I.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Minaeva, O.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Słysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for near-infrared-wavelength quantum communications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Phys. Stat. Sol. (C) | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Stat. Sol. (C) |
Volume | 2 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1480-1488 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present our progress on the research and development of NbN superconducting single‐photon detectors (SSPD's) for ultrafast counting of near‐infrared photons for secure quantum communications. Our SSPD's operate in the quantum detection mode based on the photon‐induced hotspot formation and subsequent development of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron‐width superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 4‐nm‐thick NbN films and kept in the 4.2‐ to 2‐K temperature range. The detector experimental quantum efficiency in the photon‐counting mode reaches above 40% for the visible light and up to 30% in the 1.3‐ to 1.55‐µm wavelength range with dark counts below 0.01 per second. The experimental real‐time counting rate is above 2 GHz and is limited by our readout electronics. The SSPD's timing jitter is below 18 ps, and the best‐measured value of the noise‐equivalent power (NEP) is 5 × 10–21 W/Hz1/2 at 1.3 µm. In terms of quantum efficiency, timing jitter, and maximum counting rate, our NbN SSPD's significantly outperform semiconductor avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers in the 1.3‐ to 1.55‐µm range. | ||||
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ISSN | 1610-1634 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1479 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Seleznev, V.; Słysz, W.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Sobolewski, Roman | ||||
Title | Superconducting nanostructured detectors capable of single-photon counting in the THz range | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 555-557 | ||
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present the results of the NbN superconducting single-photon detector sensitivity measurement in the visible to mid-IR range. For visible and near IR light (0.56 — 1.3μm wavelengths) the detector exhibits 30% quantum efficiency saturation value limited by the NbN film absorption and extremely low level of dark counts (2x10 -4 s -1). The detector manifested single-photon counting up to 6 μm wavelength with the quantum efficiency reaching 10 -2 % at 5.6 μm and 3 K temperature. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1476 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G.; Minaeva, O.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Rubtsova, I.; Divochiy, A.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pan, D.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Grabiec, P.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Middle-infrared to visible-light ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 17 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 246-251 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present an overview of the state-of-the-art of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our devices exhibit quantum efficiency (QE) of up to 30% in near-infrared wavelength and 0.4% at 5 mum, with a dark-count rate that can be as low as 10 -4 s -1 . The SSPD structures integrated with lambda/4 microcavities achieve a QE of 60% at telecommunication, 1550-nm wavelength. We have also developed a new generation of SSPDs that possess the QE of large-active-area devices, but, simultaneously, are characterized by low kinetic inductance that allows achieving short response times and the GHz-counting rate with picosecond timing jitter. The improvements presented in the SSPD development, such as fiber-coupled SSPDs, make our detectors most attractive for high-speed quantum communications and quantum computing. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 431 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Quantum-photonic integrated circuits | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Proc. IWQO | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. IWQO |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 22-23 | ||
Keywords | WSSPD, waveguide SSPD, SNSPD, quantum optics, integrated optics, superconducting nanowire single-photon detector | ||||
Abstract | We show the design, a history of development as well as the most successful and promising approaches for QPICs realization based on hybrid nanophotonic-superconducting devices, where one of the key elements of such a circuit is a waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector (WSSPD). The potential of integration with fluorescent molecules is discussed also. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1287 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Superconducting thin film as infrared heterodyne and direct detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | 16th ISEC | Abbreviated Journal | 16th ISEC |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-3 | ||
Keywords | optical waveguide SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present our recent achievements in the development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with optical waveguides on a chip. We demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 90% on-chip-quantum-efficiency (OCDE), and the heterodyne mixing with a close to the quantum limit sensitivity at the telecommunication wavelength using single device. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | 8314188 | Serial | 1323 | ||
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Author | Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer, direct detector and single-photon counter: from devices to systems | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | 2-nd Int. Conf. EUROFLUX | Abbreviated Journal | 2-nd Int. Conf. EUROFLUX |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | HEB, SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
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Address | Avignon, France | ||||
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Notes | Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1398 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast nanowire superconducting single-photon detector with photon number resolving capability | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 7236 | Issue | Pages | 72360D (1 to 11) | |
Keywords | PNR NbN SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting single-photon detectors, photon number resolving detectors, ultrathin NbN films | ||||
Abstract | In this paper we present a review of the state-of-the-art superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD), its characterization and applications. We also present here the next step in the development of SSPD, i.e. photon-number resolving SSPD which simultaneously features GHz counting rate. We have demonstrated resolution up to 4 photons with quantum efficiency of 2.5% and 300 ps response pulse duration providing very short dead time. | ||||
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Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Arakawa, Y.; Sasaki, M.; Sotobayashi, H. | |
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Call Number | Serial | 1403 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A. A.; Finkel, M. I.; Divochiy, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Chulkova, G. M.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
Title | Superconducting hot-electron bolometer as THz mixer, direct detector and IR single-photon counter | Type | Abstract | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | 35th Int. Conf. Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-1 | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, HEB | ||||
Abstract | We present a new generation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) and hot-electron superconducting sensors with record characteristic for many terahertz and optical applications. | ||||
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ISSN | 2162-2027 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ goltsman2010superconducting | Serial | 1028 | ||
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Author | Goltsman, G. N.; Samartsev, V. V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Karimullin, K. R. | ||||
Title | New generation of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | EPJ Web of Conferences | Abbreviated Journal | EPJ Web of Conferences |
Volume | 103 | Issue | Pages | 01006 (1 to 2) | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present an overview of recent results for new generation of infrared and optical superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) that has already demonstrated a performance that makes them devices-of-choice for many applications. SNSPDs provide high efficiency for detecting individual photons while keeping dark counts and timing jitter minimal. Besides superior detection performance over a broad optical bandwidth, SNSPDs are also compatible with an integrated optical platform as a crucial requirement for applications in emerging quantum photonic technologies. By embedding SNSPDs in nanophotonic circuits we realize waveguide integrated single photon detectors which unite all desirable detector properties in a single device. | ||||
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ISSN | 2100-014X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1349 | |||
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