Records |
Author |
Kuznetsov, K. A.; Kornienko, V. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Pentin, I. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kitaeva, G. K. |
Title |
Generation and detection of optical-terahertz biphotons via spontaneous parametric downconversion |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Proc. ICLO |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. ICLO |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
303 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB applications |
Abstract |
We study spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in the strongly non-degenerate regime when the idler wave hits the terahertz range. By using the hot-electron bolometer, for the first time the SPDC-generated idler-wave photons were directly detected in the terahertz frequency range. Spectrum of corresponding signal photons was measured using standard technique by the CCD camera. Possible applications of correlated optical-terahertz biphotons are discussed. |
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Conference |
International Conference Laser Optics |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1806 |
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Author |
Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. |
Title |
An ultrafast NbN hot-electron single-photon detector for electronic applications |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1689-1692 |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, QE, jitter, dark counts |
Abstract |
We present the latest generation of our superconducting single-photon detector (SPD), which can work from ultraviolet to mid-infrared optical radiation wavelengths. The detector combines a high speed of operation and low jitter with high quantum efficiency (QE) and very low dark count level. The technology enhancement allows us to produce ultrathin (3.5 nm thick) structures that demonstrate QE hundreds of times better, at 1.55 μm, than previous 10 nm thick SPDs. The best, 10 × 10 μm2, SPDs demonstrate QE up to 5% at 1.55 μm and up to 11% at 0.86 μm. The intrinsic detector QE, normalized to the film absorption coefficient, reaches 100% at bias currents above 0.9 Ic for photons with wavelengths shorter than 1.3 μm. |
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ISSN |
0953-2048 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1533 |
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Author |
Lobanov, Y. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Pentin, I. V.; Khabibullin, R. A.; Shchavruk, N. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Silaev, A. A. |
Title |
Characterization of the THz quantum cascade laser using fast superconducting hot electron bolometer |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
EPJ Web Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Web Conf. |
Volume |
195 |
Issue |
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Pages |
04004 (1 to 2) |
Keywords |
NbN HEB, QCL |
Abstract |
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ISSN |
2100-014X |
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Conference |
3rd International Conference “Terahertz and Microwave Radiation: Generation, Detection and Applications” (TERA-2018) |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1808 |
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Author |
Lobanov, Y. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Pentin, I. V.; Rosental, V. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Volkov, O. Y.; Dyuzhikov, I. N.; Galiev, R. R.; Ponomarev, D. S.; Khabibullin, R. A. |
Title |
Time-resolved measurements of light–current characteristic and mode competition in pulsed THz quantum cascade laser |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Optical Engineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
Optical Engineering |
Volume |
60 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1-8 |
Keywords |
HEB, terahertz pulse generation, terahertz pulse detection, QCL, quantum cascade laser, superconducting hot electron bolometer |
Abstract |
Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) are widely adopted as prominent and easy-to-use solid-state sources of terahertz radiation. Yet some applications require generation and detection of very sharp and narrow terahertz-range pulses with a specific spectral composition. We have studied time-resolved light-current (L–I) characteristics of multimode THz QCL operated with a fast ramp of the injection current. Detection of THz pulses was carried out using an NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer with the time constant of the order of 1 ns while the laser bias current was swept during a single driving pulse. A nonmonotonic behavior of the L–I characteristic with several visually separated subpeaks was found. This behavior is associated with the mode competition in THz QCL cavity, which we confirm by L–I measurements with use of an external Fabry–Perot interferometer for a discrete mode selection. We also have demonstrated the possibility to control the L–I shape with suppression of one of the subpeaks by simply adjusting the off-axis parabolic mirror for optimal optical alignment for one of the laser modes. The developed technique paves the way for rapid characterization of pulsed THz QCLs for further studies of the possibilities of using this approach in remote sensing. |
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Spie |
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no |
Call Number |
10.1117/1.Oe.60.8.082019 |
Serial |
1260 |
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Author |
Maslennikov, S. N.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Zhang, W.; Ozhegov, R.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Smirnov, K. V.; Korotetskaya, Yu. P.; Kaurova, N. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. |
Title |
Spiral antenna coupled and directly coupled NbN HEB mixers in the frequency range from 1 to 70 THz |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
177-179 |
Keywords |
directly coupled NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
We investigate both antenna coupled and directly coupled HEB mixers at several LO frequencies within the range of 2.5 THz to 70 THz. H20 (2.5+10.7 THz), and CO2 (30 THz) gas discharge lasers are used as the local oscillators. The noise temperature of antenna coupled mixers is measured at LO frequencies of 2.5 THz, 3.8 THz, and 30 THz. The results for both antenna coupled and directly coupled mixer types are compared. The devices with in—plane dimensions of 5x5 ,um 2 are pumped by LO radiation at 10.7 THz. The directly coupled HEB demonstrates nearly flat dependence of responsivity on frequency in the range of 25+64 THz. |
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Place of Publication |
Paris, France |
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no |
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Serial |
386 |
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Author |
Maslennikov, S. N.; Morozov, D. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Okunev, O. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
Title |
Imaging system for submillimeter wave range based on AlGaAs/GaAs hot electron bolometer mixers |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. 5-th MSMW |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 5-th MSMW |
Volume |
2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
558-560 |
Keywords |
AlGaAs/GaAs HEB mixers |
Abstract |
Electromagnetic radiation of the submillimeter (SMM) range is dispersed and absorbed significantly less than infrared (IR) radiation when passing through different objects. That is the reason for the development of an SMM imaging system. In this paper, we discuss the design of an SMM heterodyne imager, based on a matrix of AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure hot electron bolometer mixers (HEB) with relatively high (about 77 K) operating temperature. The predicted double side band (DSB) noise temperature is about 1000 K and optimal local oscillator (LO) power is about 1 /spl mu/W for such mixers, which seems to be quite prospective for an SMM heterodyne imager. |
Address |
Kharkov, Ukraine |
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The Fifth International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Waves (IEEE Cat. No.04EX828) |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1487 |
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Author |
Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Shishkov, A.; Svechnikov, S.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinski, V.; Gol'tsman, G. |
Title |
NbN HEB mixer noise temperature measurements with hot/cold load mounted inside the helium cryostat at 300 GHz |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proc. Int. Student Seminar on Microwave Appl. of Novel Physical Phenomena supported by IEEE |
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Pages |
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Publisher |
LETI |
Place of Publication |
St.-Petersburg |
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no |
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Serial |
324 |
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Author |
Maslennikov, S.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Antipov, S.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
Title |
NbN HEB mixers for frequencies of 2.5 and 3.8 THz |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. Tenth All-Russian sceintific conference of student-physicists and young sceintists (VNKSF-10) |
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Moscow |
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no |
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RPLAB @ s @ qoheb_vnksf10_2004 |
Serial |
349 |
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Author |
Maslennikova, A.; Larionov, P.; Ryabchun, S.; Smirnov, A.; Pentin, I.; Vakhtomin, Yu.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
Title |
Noise equivalent power and dynamic range of NBN hot-electron bolometers |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Proc. MLPLIT |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. MLPLIT |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
146-148 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB |
Abstract |
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Address |
Suzdal / Vladimir (Russia) |
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Publisher |
Modern laser physics and laser-information technologies for science and manufacture |
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1st international russian-chinese conference / youthschool-workshop |
Notes |
September 23-28, 2011 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1386 |
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Author |
Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
Title |
Study of the IF bandwidth of NbN HEB mixers based on crystalline quartz substrate with an MgO buffer layer |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
13 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
164-167 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixer |
Abstract |
In this paper, we present the results of IF bandwidth measurements on 3-4 nm thick NbN hot electron bolometer waveguide mixers, which have been fabricated on a 200-nm thick MgO buffer layer deposited on a crystalline quartz substrate. The 3-dB IF bandwidth, measured at an LO frequency of 0.81 THz, is 3.7 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation. We have also made measurements of the IF dynamic impedance, which allow us to evaluate the intrinsic electron temperature relaxation time and self-heating parameters at different bias conditions. |
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no |
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Serial |
341 |
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Author |
Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
Title |
The sensitivity and IF bandwidth of waveguide NbN hot electron bolometer mixers on MgO buffer layers over crystalline quartz |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
65-72 |
Keywords |
waveguide NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
We have developed and characterized waveguide phonon-cooled NbN Hot Electron Bolometer (FMB) mixers fabricated from a 3-4 nm thick NbN film deposited on a 200nm thick MgO buffer layer over crystalline quartz. Double side band receiver noise temperatures of 900-1050 K at 1.035 THz, and 1300-1400 K at 1.26 THz have been measured at an intermediate frequency of 1.5 GHz. The intermediate frequency bandwidth, measured at 0.8 THz LO frequency, is 3.2 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation. |
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Cambridge, MA, USA |
Editor |
Harvard university |
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no |
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Serial |
326 |
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Author |
Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Slepneva, S.; Seleznev, V.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Slysz, W.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Sobolewski, R. |
Title |
Superconducting nanostructured detectors capable of single photon counting of mid-infrared optical radiation |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
Volume |
5957 |
Issue |
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Pages |
59570A (1 to 9) |
Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, single-photon detectors, superconductors, superconducting |
Abstract |
We report on our progress in research and development of ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on ultrathin NbN nanostructures. Our SSPDs were made of the 4-nm-thick NbN films with Tc 11 K, patterned as meander-shaped, 100-nm-wide strips, and covering an area of 10×10 μm2. The detectors exploit a combined detection mechanism, where upon a single-photon absorption, a hotspot of excited electrons and redistribution of the biasing supercurrent, jointly produce a picosecond voltage transient signal across the superconducting nanostripe. The SSPDs are typically operated at 4.2 K, but their sensitivity in the infrared radiation range can be significantly improved by lowering the operating temperature from 4.2 K to 2 K. When operated at 2 K, the SSPD quantum efficiency (QE) for visible light photons reaches 30-40%, which is the saturation value limited by the optical absorption of our 4-nm-thick NbN film. With the wavelength increase of the incident photons,the QE of SSPDs decreases significantly, but even at the wavelength of 6 μm, the detector is able to count single photons and exhibits QE of about 10-2 %. The dark (false) count rate at 2 K is as low as 2x10-4 s,-1 which makes our detector essentially a background-limited sensor. The very low dark-count rate results in a noise equivalent power (NEP) below 10-18 WHz-1/2 for the mid-infrared range (6 μm). Further improvement of the SSPD performance in the mid-infrared range can be obtained by substituting NbN for another, lower-Tc materials with a narrow superconducting gap and low quasiparticles diffusivity. The use of such superconductors should shift the cutoff wavelength below 10 μm. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Rogalski, A.; Dereniak, E.L.; Sizov, F.F. |
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Infrared Photoelectronics |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1458 |
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Author |
Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Rubtsova, I.; Seleznev, V.; Minaeva, O.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Guziewicz, M.; Bar, J.; Gorska, M.; Pearlman, A.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Sobolewski, R. |
Title |
Superconducting single-photon detectors designed for operation at 1.55-µm telecommunication wavelength |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume |
43 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1334-1337 |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
Abstract |
We report on our progress in development of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), specifically designed for secure high-speed quantum communications. The SSPDs consist of NbN-based meander nanostructures and operate at liquid helium temperatures. In general, our devices are capable of GHz-rate photon counting in a spectral range from visible light to mid-infrared. The device jitter is 18 ps and dark counts can reach negligibly small levels. The quantum efficiency (QE) of our best SSPDs for visible-light photons approaches a saturation level of ~30-40%, which is limited by the NbN film absorption. For the infrared range (1.55µm), QE is ~6% at 4.2 K, but it can be significantly improved by reduction of the operation temperature to the 2-K level, when QE reaches ~20% for 1.55-µm photons. In order to further enhance the SSPD efficiency at the wavelength of 1.55 µm, we have integrated our detectors with optical cavities, aiming to increase the effective interaction of the photon with the superconducting meander and, therefore, increase the QE. A successful effort was made to fabricate an advanced SSPD structure with an optical microcavity optimized for absorption of 1.55 µm photons. The design consisted of a quarter-wave dielectric layer, combined with a metallic mirror. Early tests performed on relatively low-QE devices integrated with microcavities, showed that the QE value at the resonator maximum (1.55-µm wavelength) was of the factor 3-to-4 higher than that for a nonresonant SSPD. Independently, we have successfully coupled our SSPDs to single-mode optical fibers. The completed receivers, inserted into a liquid-helium transport dewar, reached ~1% system QE for 1.55 µm photons. The SSPD receivers that are fiber-coupled and, simultaneously, integrated with resonators are expected to be the ultimate photon counters for optical quantum communications. |
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ISSN |
1742-6588 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1450 |
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Author |
Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. |
Title |
Superconducting single photon nanowire detectors development for IR and THz applications |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
J. Low Temp. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Low Temp. Phys. |
Volume |
151 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
591-596 |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
Abstract |
We present our progress in the development of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on meander-shaped nanowires made from few-nm-thick superconducting films. The SSPDs are operated at a temperature of 2–4.2 K (well below T c ) being biased with a current very close to the nanowire critical current at the operation temperature. To date, the material of choice for SSPDs is niobium nitride (NbN). Developed NbN SSPDs are capable of single photon counting in the range from VIS to mid-IR (up to 6 μm) with a record low dark counts rate and record-high counting rate. The use of a material with a low transition temperature should shift the detectors sensitivity towards longer wavelengths. We present state-of-the art NbN SSPDs as well as the results of our recent approach to expand the developed SSPD technology by the use of superconducting materials with lower T c , such as molybdenum rhenium (MoRe). MoRe SSPDs first were made and tested; a single photon response was obtained. |
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0022-2291 |
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1244 |
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Author |
Morozov, D. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Lyakhov, V. A.; Goltsman, G. N. |
Title |
A millimeter-submillimeter phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer based on two-dimensional electron gas in an AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Semicond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Semicond. |
Volume |
39 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1082-1086 |
Keywords |
2D electron gas, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, mixers |
Abstract |
Experimental results obtained by studying the main characteristics of a millimeter-submillimeter wave mixer based on the hot-electron effect in a two-dimensional electron gas in a AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure with a phonon-scattering cooling mechanism for charge carriers are reported. The gain bandwidth of the mixer is 4 GHz, the internal conversion losses are 13 dB, and the optimum local-oscillator power is 0.5 μW (for a mixer area of 1 μm2). It is shown that a millimeter-submillimeter-wave receiver with a noise temperature of 1900 K can be developed on the basis of a AlGaAs/GaAs mixer. This mixer also appears to be promising for use in array receiver elements. |
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ISSN |
1063-7826 |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1463 |
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