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Author | Antipov, A. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Morozov, P. V.; Vasilev, D. D.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Moiseev, K. M.; Smirnov, K. | ||||
Title | Investigation of WSi and NbN superconducting single-photon detectors in mid-IR range | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. | Abbreviated Journal | IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. |
Volume | 781 | Issue | Pages | 012011 (1 to 5) | |
Keywords | WSi, NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Spectral characteristics of WSi and NbN superconducting single-photon detectors with different surface resistance and width of nanowire strips have been investigated in the wavelength range of 1.3-2.5 μm. WSi structures with narrower strips demonstrated better performance for detection of single photons in longer wavelength range. The difference in normalized photon count rate for such structures reaches one order of magnitude higher in comparison with structures based on NbN thin films at 2.5 μm. | ||||
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ISSN | 1757-899X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1799 | |||
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Author | Baeva, E. M.; Sidorova, M. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochy, A. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Semenov, A. V.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Khrapai, V. S.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Thermal properties of NbN single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Phys. Rev. Applied | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. Applied |
Volume | 10 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 064063 (1 to 8) |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We investigate thermal properties of a NbN single-photon detector capable of unit internal detection efficiency. Using an independent calibration of the coupling losses, we determine the absolute optical power absorbed by the NbN film and, via resistive superconductor thermometry, the temperature dependence of the thermal resistance Z(T) of the NbN film. In principle, this approach permits simultaneous measurement of the electron-phonon and phonon-escape contributions to the energy relaxation, which in our case is ambiguous because of the similar temperature dependencies. We analyze Z(T) with a two-temperature model and impose an upper bound on the ratio of electron and phonon heat capacities in NbN, which is surprisingly close to a recent theoretical lower bound for the same quantity in similar devices. | ||||
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ISSN | 2331-7019 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1226 | |||
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Author | Baeva, E.; Sidorova, M.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Precise measurement of the thermal conductivity of superconductor | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Proc. AIP Conf. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. AIP Conf. |
Volume | 1936 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 020003 (1 to 4) |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Measuring the thermal properties such as the heat capacity provide information about intrinsic mechanisms operated inside. In general, the ratio between electron and phonon specific heat Ce/Cp shows how the absorbed energy shared between electron and phonon subsystems. In this work we make estimations for amplitude-modulated absorption of THz radiation technique for investigation of the ratio Ce/Cp in superconducting Niobium Nitride (NbN) at T = Tc. Our results indicates that experimentally the frequency of modulation has to be extra large to extract the quantity. We perform a new technique allowed to work at low frequency with accurately measurement of absorbed power. | ||||
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Call Number | doi:10.1063/1.5025441 | Serial | 1311 | ||
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Author | Bell, M.; Kaurova, N.; Divochiy, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Bird, J.; Sergeev, A.; Verevkin, A. | ||||
Title | On the nature of resistive transition in disordered superconducting nanowires | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 17 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 267-270 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Hot-electron single-photon counters based on long superconducting nanowires are starting to become popular in optical and infrared technologies due to their ultimately high sensitivity and very high response speed. We investigate intrinsic fluctuations in long NbN nanowires in the temperature range of 4.2 K-20 K, i.e. above and below the superconducting transition. These fluctuations are responsible for fluctuation resistivity and also determine the noise in practical devices. Measurements of the fluctuation resistivity were performed at low current densities and also in external magnetic fields up to 5 T. Above the BCS critical temperature T co the resistivity is well described by the Aslamazov-Larkin (AL) theory for two-dimensional samples. Below T co the measured resistivity is in excellent agreement with the Langer-Ambegaokar-McCumber-Halperin (LAMH) theory developed for one-dimensional superconductors. Despite that our nanowires of 100 nm width are two-dimensional with respect to the coherence length, our analysis shows that at relatively low current densities the one-dimensional LAMH mechanism based on thermally induced phase slip centers dominates over the two-dimensional mechanism related to unbinding of vortex-antivortex pairs below the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1247 | |||
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Author | Casaburi, A.; Ejrnaes, M.; Quaranta, O.; Gaggero, A.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Lisitskiy, M.; Esposito, E.; Nappi, C.; Cristiano, R.; Pagano, S. | ||||
Title | Experimental characterization of NbN nanowire optical detectors with parallel stripline configuration | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 97 | Issue | Pages | 012265 (1 to 6) | |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We have developed a novel geometrical configuration for NbN-based superconducting single photon optical detector (SSPD) that achieves two goals: a much lower intrinsic impedance, and a consequently greater bandwidth, and a much larger signal amplitude compared to the standard meandered configuration. This has been obtained by implementing a properly designed parallel stripline structure where a cascade switching mechanism occurs when one of the striplines is hit by an optical photon. The overall switching occurs synchronously and in a very short time, giving rise to a strong and fast voltage pulse. The SSPD have been realized using state of the art NbN deposition technology and e-beam lithography. The strips are 100 nm wide and 5 μm long and have been realized with 4 nm NbN film on sapphire and Si substrate. We report on experimental characterization of such novel devices. The performances of the proposed novel type of SSPD are compared with standard SSPD design and results in terms of signal amplitude, risetime and effective detection area. | ||||
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Publisher | IOP Publishing | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 1742-6596 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | 8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2007) | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1416 | |||
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Author | Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Slysz, W. | ||||
Title | Superconducting nanostructures for counting of single photons in the infrared range | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. 2-nd CAOL | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 2-nd CAOL |
Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 100-103 | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present our studies on ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on ultrathin NbN nanostructures. Our SSPDs are patterned by electron beam lithography from 4-nm thick NbN film into meander-shaped strips covering square area of 10/spl times/10 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. The advances in the fabrication technology allowed us to produce highly uniform 100-120-nm-wide strips with meander filling factor close to 0.6. The detectors exploit a combined detection mechanism, where upon a single-photon absorption, an avalanche of excited hot electrons and the biasing supercurrent, jointly produce a picosecond voltage transient response across the superconducting nanostrip. The SSPDs are typically operated at 4.2 K, but they have shown that their sensitivity in the infrared radiation range can be significantly improved by lowering the operating temperature from 4.2 K to 2 K. When operated at 2 K, the SSPD quantum efficiency (QE) for visible light photons reaches 30-40%, which is the saturation value limited by optical absorption of our 4-nm-thick NbN film. For 1.55 /spl mu/m photons, QE was /spl sim/20% and decreases exponentially with the increase of the optical wavelength, but even at the wavelength of 6 /spl mu/m the detector remains sensitive to single photons and exhibits QE of about 10/sup -2/%. The dark (false) count rate at 2 K is as low as 2 /spl times/ 10/sup -4/ s/sup -1/, what makes our detector essentially a background-limited sensor. The very low dark-count rate results in the noise equivalent power (NEP) as low as 10/sup -18/ WHz/sup -1/2/ for the mid-infrared range (6 /spl mu/m). Further improvement of the SSPD performance in the mid-infrared range can be obtained by substituting NbN for the other, lower-T/sub c/ superconductors with the narrow superconducting gap and low quasiparticle diffusivity. The use of such materials will shift the cutoff wavelength towards the values even longer than 6 /spl mu/m. | ||||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | Second International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1461 | |||
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Author | Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Tarkhov, M.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Voronov, B.; Divochiy, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Pan, D.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Superconducting single-photon nanostructured detectors for advanced optical applications | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. Symposium on Photonics Technologies for 7th Framework Program | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 400 | Issue | Pages | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on NbN thin-film nanostructures and operated at liquid helium temperatures. The SSPDs are made of ultrathin NbN films (2.5-4 nm thick, Tc= 9-11K) as meander-shaped nanowires covering the area of 10× 10 µm2. Our detectors are operated at the temperature well below the critical temperature Tc and are DC biased by a current Ib close to the meander critical current Ic. The operation principle of the detector is based on the use of the resistive region in a narrow ultra-thin superconducting stripe upon the absorption of an incident photon. The developed devices demonstrate high sensitivity and response speed in a broadband range from UV to mid-IR (up to 6 µm), making them very attractive for advanced optical technologies, which require efficient detectors of single quanta and low-density optical radiation. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ chulkova2006superconducting | Serial | 1021 | ||
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Author | Dauler, E. A.; Robinson, B. S.; Kerman, A. J.; Yang, J. K. W.; Rosfjord, E. K. M.; Anant, V.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Berggren, K. K. | ||||
Title | Multi-element superconducting nanowire single-photon detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 17 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 279-284 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | A multi-element superconducting nanowire single photon detector (MESNSPD) is presented that consists of multiple independently-biased superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) elements that form a continuous active area. A two-element SNSPD has been fabricated and tested, showing no measurable crosstalk between the elements, sub-50-ps relative timing jitter, and four times the maximum counting rate of a single SNSPD with the same active area. The MESNSPD can have a larger active area and higher speed than a single-element SNSPD and the input optics can be designed so that the detector provides spatial, spectral or photon number resolution. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1428 | |||
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Author | de Lara, D. Perez; Ejrnaes, M.; Casaburi, A.; Lisitskiy, M.; Cristiano, R.; Pagano, S.; Gaggero, A.; Leoni, R.; Golt’sman, G.; Voronov, B. | ||||
Title | Feasibility investigation of NbN nanowires as detector in time-of-flight mass spectrometers for macromolecules of interest in biology (proteins) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | J. Low Temp. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Low Temp. Phys. |
Volume | 151 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 771-776 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, nanowires | ||||
Abstract | We are investigating the possibility of using NbN nanowires as detectors in time-of-flight mass spectrometers for investigation of macromolecules of interest in biology (proteins). NbN nanowires could overcome the two major drawbacks encountered so far by cryogenic detectors, namely the low working temperature in the mK region and the slow temporal response. In fact, NbN nanowires can work at 5 K and the response time is at least a factor 10–100 better than that of other cryogenic detectors. We present a feasibility study based on a numerical code to calculate the response of a NbN nanowire. The parameter space is investigated at different energies from IR to macromolecules (i.e. from eV to keV) in order to understand if larger value of film thickness and width can be used for the keV energy region. We also present preliminary experimental results of irradiation with X-ray photons of NbN to simulate the effect of macromolecules of the same energy. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0022-2291 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1410 | |||
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Author | Driessen, E. F. C.; Braakman, F. R.; Reiger, E. M.; Dorenbos, S. N.; Zwiller, V.; de Dood, M. J. A. | ||||
Title | Impedance model for the polarization-dependent optical absorption of superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 47 | Issue | Pages | 10701 | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We measured the single-photon detection efficiency of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors as a function of the polarization state of the incident light for different wavelengths in the range from 488 nm to 1550 nm. The polarization contrast varies from ~% at 488 nm to~0% at 1550 nm, in good agreement with numerical calculations. We use an optical-impedance model to describe the absorption for polarization parallel to the wires of the detector. For the extremely lossy NbN material, the absorption can be kept constant by keeping the product of layer thickness and filling factor constant. As a consequence, the maximum possible absorption is independent of filling factor. By illuminating the detector through the substrate, an absorption efficiency of ~0% can be reached for a detector on Si or GaAs, without the need for an optical cavity. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ alex_kazakov @ | Serial | 1062 | ||
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Author | Ejrnaes, M.; Cristiano, R.; Quaranta, O.; Pagano, S.; Gaggero, A.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
Title | A cascade switching superconducting single photon detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 91 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 262509 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, parallel-wire | ||||
Abstract | We have realized superconducting single photon detectors with reduced inductance and increased signal pulse amplitude. The detectors are based on a parallel connection of ultrathin NbN nanowires with a common bias inductance. When properly biased, an absorbed photon induces a cascade switch of all the parallel wires generating a signal pulse amplitude of 2mV. The parallel wire configuration lowers the detector inductance and reduces the response time well below 1ns. This work was performed in the framework of the EU project “SINPHONIA” NMP4-CT-2005-016433. |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1418 | |||
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Author | Elezov, M. S.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Makarov, V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R. | ||||
Title | Development of the experimental setup for investigation of latching of superconducting single-photon detector caused by blinding attack on the quantum key distribution system | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | EPJ Web Conf. | Abbreviated Journal | EPJ Web Conf. |
Volume | 132 | Issue | Pages | 01004 (1 to 2) | |
Keywords | QKD, SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Recently bright-light control of the SSPD has been demonstrated. This attack employed a “backdoor” in the detector biasing scheme. Under bright-light illumination, SSPD becomes resistive and remains “latched” in the resistive state even when the light is switched off. While the SSPD is latched, Eve can simulate SSPD single-photon response by sending strong light pulses, thus deceiving Bob. We developed the experimental setup for investigation of a dependence on latching threshold of SSPD on optical pulse length and peak power. By knowing latching threshold it is possible to understand essential requirements for development countermeasures against blinding attack on quantum key distribution system with SSPDs. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2100-014X | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1327 | |||
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Author | Elezov, M. S.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Kurochkin, Y. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Makarov, V. S.; Samartsev, V. V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Karimullin, K. R. | ||||
Title | Countermeasures against blinding attack on superconducting nanowire detectors for QKD | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | EPJ Web Conf. | Abbreviated Journal | EPJ Web Conf. |
Volume | 103 | Issue | Pages | 10002 (1 to 2) | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, QKD | ||||
Abstract | Nowadays, the superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) are used in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) instead of single-photon avalanche photodiodes. Recently bright-light control of the SSPD has been demonstrated. This attack employed a “backdoor” in the detector biasing technique. We developed the autoreset system which returns the SSPD to superconducting state when it is latched. We investigate latched state of the SSPD and define limit conditions for effective blinding attack. Peculiarity of the blinding attack is a long nonsingle photon response of the SSPD. It is much longer than usual single photon response. Besides, we need follow up response duration of the SSPD. These countermeasures allow us to prevent blind attack on SSPDs for Quantum Key Distribution. | ||||
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ISSN | 2100-014X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1352 | |||
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Author | Elezov, M.; Ozhegov, R.; Goltsman, G.; Makarov, V. | ||||
Title | Countermeasure against bright-light attack on superconducting nanowire single-photon detector in quantum key distribution | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
Volume | 27 | Issue | 21 | Pages | 30979-30988 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present an active anti-latching system for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. We experimentally test it against a bright-light attack, previously used to compromise security of quantum key distribution. Although our system detects continuous blinding, the detector is shown to be partially blindable and controllable by specially tailored sequences of bright pulses. Improvements to the countermeasure are suggested. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1094-4087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:31684339 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1275 | |||
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Author | Elezov, M.; Scherbatenko, M.; Sych, D.; Goltsman, G.; Arakelyan, S.; Evlyukhin, A.; Kalachev, A.; Naumov, A. | ||||
Title | Towards the fiber-optic Kennedy quantum receiver | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | EPJ Web Conf. | Abbreviated Journal | EPJ Web Conf. |
Volume | 220 | Issue | Pages | 03011 (1 to 2) | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, Kennedy quantum receiver | ||||
Abstract | We consider practical aspects of using standard fiber-optic elements and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for the development of a practical quantum receiver based on the Kennedy scheme. Our receiver allows to discriminate two phase-modulated coherent states of light at a wavelength of 1.5 microns in continuous mode with bit rate 200 Kbit/s and error rate about two times below the standard quantum limit. | ||||
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ISSN | 2100-014X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1288 | |||
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Author | Elvira, D.; Michon, A.; Fain, B.; Patriarche, G.; Beaudoin, G.; Robert-Philip, I.; Vachtomin, Y.; Divochiy, A. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sagnes, I.; Beveratos, A. | ||||
Title | Time-resolved spectroscopy of InAsP/InP(001) quantum dots emitting near 2 μm | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 97 | Issue | 13 | Pages | 131907 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, InAsP/InP quantum dots | ||||
Abstract | By using superconducting single photon detectors, we perform time-resolved characterization of a small ensemble of InAsP/InP quantum dots grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy, emitting at wavelengths between 1.6 and 2.2 μm. We demonstrate that alloying phosphorus with InAs allows to shift the emission wavelength toward higher wavelengths, while keeping the high optical quality of these quantum dots at room temperature, with no decrease in their radiative lifetime. This work was partially supported by Russian Ministry of Science and Education: Federal State Program “Scientific and Educational Cadres of Innovative” state Contract Nos. 02.740.0228, 14.740.11.0343, 14.740.11.0269, and P931, and RFBR Project No. 09-02-12364. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1238 | |||
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Author | Fedder, H.; Oesterwind, S.; Wick, M.; Olbrich, F.; Michler, P.; Veigel, T.; Berroth, M.; Schlagmüller, M. | ||||
Title | Characterization of electro-optical devices with low jitter single photon detectors – towards an optical sampling oscilloscope beyond 100 GHz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | ECOC | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-3 | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, SPAD | ||||
Abstract | We showcase an optical random sampling scope that exploits single photon counting and apply it to characterize optical transceivers. We study single photon detectors with a jitter down to 40 ps. The method can be extended beyond 100 GHz. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | 8535415 | Serial | 1198 | ||
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Author | Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
Title | Waveguide-integrated single- and multi-photon detection at telecom wavelengths using superconducting nanowires | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 106 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 151101 (1 to 5) |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We investigate single- and multi-photon detection regimes of superconducting nanowire detectors embedded in silicon nitride nanophotonic circuits. At near-infrared wavelengths, simultaneous detection of up to three photons is observed for 120 nm wide nanowires biased far from the critical current, while narrow nanowires below 100 nm provide efficient single photon detection. A theoretical model is proposed to determine the different detection regimes and to calculate the corresponding internal quantum efficiency. The predicted saturation of the internal quantum efficiency in the single photon regime agrees well with plateau behavior observed at high bias currents. W. H. P. Pernice acknowledges support by the DFG Grant Nos. PE 1832/1-1 and PE 1832/1-2 and the Helmholtz society through Grant No. HIRG-0005. The Ph.D. education of O. Kahl is embedded in the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP). G. N. Goltsman acknowledges support by Russian Federation President Grant HШ-1918.2014.2 and Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Contract No.: RFMEFI58614X0007. A. Korneev acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 3.1846.2014/k. V. Kovalyuk acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 2327. We also acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the State of Baden-Württemberg through the DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) within subproject A6.4. We thank S. Kühn and S. Diewald for the help with device fabrication as well as B. Voronov and A. Shishkin for help with NbN thin film deposition and A. Semenov for helpful discussion about the detection mechanism of nanowire SSPD's. The authors declare no competing financial interests. |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1211 | |||
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Author | Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Hartmann, W.; Vetter, A.; Kahl, O.; Lee, C.; Korneev, A.; Rockstuhl, C.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pernice, W. | ||||
Title | Hot-spot relaxation time current dependence in niobium nitride waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
Volume | 25 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 8739-8750 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, photon counting; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Integrated optics; Multiphoton processes; Photon statistics | ||||
Abstract | We investigate how the bias current affects the hot-spot relaxation dynamics in niobium nitride. We use for this purpose a near-infrared pump-probe technique on a waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detector driven in the two-photon regime. We observe a strong increase in the picosecond relaxation time for higher bias currents. A minimum relaxation time of (22 +/- 1)ps is obtained when applying a bias current of 50% of the switching current at 1.7 K bath temperature. We also propose a practical approach to accurately estimate the photon detection regimes based on the reconstruction of the measured detector tomography at different bias currents and for different illumination conditions. | ||||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 1118 | ||
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Author | Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lee, C.; Rockstuhl, C.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pernice, W. | ||||
Title | Analysis of the detection response of waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors at high count rate | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 115 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 101104 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, waveguide | ||||
Abstract | Nanophotonic circuitry and superconducting nanowires have been successfully combined for detecting single photons, propagating in an integrated photonic circuit, with high efficiency and low noise and timing uncertainty. Waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) can nowadays be engineered to achieve subnanosecond recovery times and can potentially be adopted for applications requiring Gcps count rates. However, particular attention shall be paid to such an extreme count rate regime since artifacts in the detector functionality emerge. In particular, a count-rate dependent detection efficiency has been encountered that can compromise the accuracy of quantum detector tomography experiments. Here, we investigate the response of waveguide-integrated SNSPDs at high photon flux and identify the presence of parasitic currents due to the accumulation of charge in the readout electronics to cause the above-mentioned artifact in the detection efficiency. Our approach allows us to determine the maximum photon count rate at which the detector can be operated without adverse effects. Our findings are particularly important to avoid artifacts when applying SNSPDs for quantum tomography. We acknowledge support through ERC Consolidator Grant No. 724707 and from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through Project No. PE 1832/5-1,2, as well as funding by the Volkswagen Foundation. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 675745. V.K. and G.G. acknowledge support from the Russian Science Foundation Project No. 16-12-00045 (NbN film deposition and testing). A.V. acknowledges support from the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP). |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1185 | |||
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Author | Fiore, A.; Marsili, F.; Bitauld, D.; Gaggero, A.; Leoni, R.; Mattioli, F.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Minaeva, O.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Counting photons using a nanonetwork of superconducting wires | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Nano-Net | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 120-122 | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We show how the parallel connection of photo-sensitive superconducting nanowires can be used to count the number of photons in an optical pulse, down to the single-photon level. Using this principle we demonstrate photon-number resolving detectors with unprecedented sensitivity and speed at telecommunication wavelengths. | ||||
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Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Berlin, Heidelberg | Editor | Cheng, M. |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 978-3-642-02427-6 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | 10.1007/978-3-642-02427-6_20 | Serial | 1242 | ||
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Author | Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Devizenko, A. Y.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Photon counting statistics of superconducting single-photon detectors made of a three-layer WSi film | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Low Temp. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | Low Temp. Phys. |
Volume | 44 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 221-225 |
Keywords | WSi SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) are used in quantum optics when record-breaking time resolution, high speed, and exceptionally low levels of dark counts (false readings) are required. Their detection efficiency is limited, however, by the absorption coefficient of the ultrathin superconducting film for the detected radiation. One possible way of increasing the detector absorption without limiting its broadband response is to make a detector in the form of several vertically stacked layers and connect them in parallel. For the first time we have studied single-photon detection in a multilayer structure consisting of three superconducting layers of amorphous tungsten silicide (WSi) separated by thin layers of amorphous silicon. Two operating modes of the detector are illustrated: an avalanche regime and an arm-trigger regime. A shift in these modes occurs at currents of ∼0.5–0.6 times the critical current of the detector. This work was supported by technical task No. 88 for scientific research at the National Research University “Higher School of Economics,” Grant No. 14.V25.31.0007 from the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, and the work of G. N. Goltsman was supported by task No. 3.7328.2017/VU of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. |
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ISSN | 1063-777X | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1310 | |||
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Author | Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Sidorova, M. V.; Golikov, A. D.; Gaiduchenko, I. A.; Fedorov, G. E.; Korneev, A. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Samartsev, V. V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Karimullin, K. R. | ||||
Title | Energy relaxtation and hot spot formation in superconducting single photon detectors SSPDs | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | EPJ Web of Conferences | Abbreviated Journal | EPJ Web of Conferences |
Volume | 103 | Issue | Pages | 10004 (1 to 2) | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We have studied the mechanism of energy relaxation and resistive state formation after absorption of a single photon for different wavelengths and materials of single photon detectors. Our results are in good agreement with the hot spot model. | ||||
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ISSN | 2100-014X | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1351 | |||
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Author | Glejm, A. V.; Anisimov, A. A.; Asnis, L. N.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Egorov, V. I.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Kynev, S. M.; Nazarov, Yu. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Rupasov, A. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Smirnov, M. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kozlov, S. A. | ||||
Title | Quantum key distribution in an optical fiber at distances of up to 200 km and a bit rate of 180 bit/s | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 78 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 171-175 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, applications | ||||
Abstract | An experimental demonstration of a subcarrier-wave quantum cryptography system with superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) that distributes a secure key in a single-mode fiber at distance of 25 km with a bit rate of 800 kbit/s, a distance of 100 km with a bit rate of 19 kbit/s, and a distance of 200 km with a bit rate of 0.18 kbit/s is described. | ||||
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ISSN | 1062-8738 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 940 | ||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Rubtsova, I.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Minaeva, O.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Słysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for near-infrared-wavelength quantum communications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Phys. Stat. Sol. (C) | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Stat. Sol. (C) |
Volume | 2 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1480-1488 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present our progress on the research and development of NbN superconducting single‐photon detectors (SSPD's) for ultrafast counting of near‐infrared photons for secure quantum communications. Our SSPD's operate in the quantum detection mode based on the photon‐induced hotspot formation and subsequent development of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron‐width superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 4‐nm‐thick NbN films and kept in the 4.2‐ to 2‐K temperature range. The detector experimental quantum efficiency in the photon‐counting mode reaches above 40% for the visible light and up to 30% in the 1.3‐ to 1.55‐µm wavelength range with dark counts below 0.01 per second. The experimental real‐time counting rate is above 2 GHz and is limited by our readout electronics. The SSPD's timing jitter is below 18 ps, and the best‐measured value of the noise‐equivalent power (NEP) is 5 × 10–21 W/Hz1/2 at 1.3 µm. In terms of quantum efficiency, timing jitter, and maximum counting rate, our NbN SSPD's significantly outperform semiconductor avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers in the 1.3‐ to 1.55‐µm range. | ||||
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ISSN | 1610-1634 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1479 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Seleznev, V.; Słysz, W.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Sobolewski, Roman | ||||
Title | Superconducting nanostructured detectors capable of single-photon counting in the THz range | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 555-557 | ||
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present the results of the NbN superconducting single-photon detector sensitivity measurement in the visible to mid-IR range. For visible and near IR light (0.56 — 1.3μm wavelengths) the detector exhibits 30% quantum efficiency saturation value limited by the NbN film absorption and extremely low level of dark counts (2x10 -4 s -1). The detector manifested single-photon counting up to 6 μm wavelength with the quantum efficiency reaching 10 -2 % at 5.6 μm and 3 K temperature. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1476 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G.; Minaeva, O.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Rubtsova, I.; Divochiy, A.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pan, D.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Grabiec, P.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Middle-infrared to visible-light ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 17 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 246-251 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present an overview of the state-of-the-art of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our devices exhibit quantum efficiency (QE) of up to 30% in near-infrared wavelength and 0.4% at 5 mum, with a dark-count rate that can be as low as 10 -4 s -1 . The SSPD structures integrated with lambda/4 microcavities achieve a QE of 60% at telecommunication, 1550-nm wavelength. We have also developed a new generation of SSPDs that possess the QE of large-active-area devices, but, simultaneously, are characterized by low kinetic inductance that allows achieving short response times and the GHz-counting rate with picosecond timing jitter. The improvements presented in the SSPD development, such as fiber-coupled SSPDs, make our detectors most attractive for high-speed quantum communications and quantum computing. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 431 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Quantum-photonic integrated circuits | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Proc. IWQO | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. IWQO |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 22-23 | ||
Keywords | WSSPD, waveguide SSPD, SNSPD, quantum optics, integrated optics, superconducting nanowire single-photon detector | ||||
Abstract | We show the design, a history of development as well as the most successful and promising approaches for QPICs realization based on hybrid nanophotonic-superconducting devices, where one of the key elements of such a circuit is a waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector (WSSPD). The potential of integration with fluorescent molecules is discussed also. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1287 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Superconducting thin film as infrared heterodyne and direct detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | 16th ISEC | Abbreviated Journal | 16th ISEC |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-3 | ||
Keywords | optical waveguide SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present our recent achievements in the development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with optical waveguides on a chip. We demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 90% on-chip-quantum-efficiency (OCDE), and the heterodyne mixing with a close to the quantum limit sensitivity at the telecommunication wavelength using single device. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | 8314188 | Serial | 1323 | ||
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Author | Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer, direct detector and single-photon counter: from devices to systems | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | 2-nd Int. Conf. EUROFLUX | Abbreviated Journal | 2-nd Int. Conf. EUROFLUX |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | HEB, SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
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Address | Avignon, France | ||||
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Notes | Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1398 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast nanowire superconducting single-photon detector with photon number resolving capability | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 7236 | Issue | Pages | 72360D (1 to 11) | |
Keywords | PNR NbN SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting single-photon detectors, photon number resolving detectors, ultrathin NbN films | ||||
Abstract | In this paper we present a review of the state-of-the-art superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD), its characterization and applications. We also present here the next step in the development of SSPD, i.e. photon-number resolving SSPD which simultaneously features GHz counting rate. We have demonstrated resolution up to 4 photons with quantum efficiency of 2.5% and 300 ps response pulse duration providing very short dead time. | ||||
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Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Arakawa, Y.; Sasaki, M.; Sotobayashi, H. | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1403 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A. A.; Finkel, M. I.; Divochiy, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Chulkova, G. M.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
Title | Superconducting hot-electron bolometer as THz mixer, direct detector and IR single-photon counter | Type | Abstract | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | 35th Int. Conf. Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-1 | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, HEB | ||||
Abstract | We present a new generation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) and hot-electron superconducting sensors with record characteristic for many terahertz and optical applications. | ||||
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ISSN | 2162-2027 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ goltsman2010superconducting | Serial | 1028 | ||
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Author | Goltsman, G. N.; Samartsev, V. V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Karimullin, K. R. | ||||
Title | New generation of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | EPJ Web of Conferences | Abbreviated Journal | EPJ Web of Conferences |
Volume | 103 | Issue | Pages | 01006 (1 to 2) | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present an overview of recent results for new generation of infrared and optical superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) that has already demonstrated a performance that makes them devices-of-choice for many applications. SNSPDs provide high efficiency for detecting individual photons while keeping dark counts and timing jitter minimal. Besides superior detection performance over a broad optical bandwidth, SNSPDs are also compatible with an integrated optical platform as a crucial requirement for applications in emerging quantum photonic technologies. By embedding SNSPDs in nanophotonic circuits we realize waveguide integrated single photon detectors which unite all desirable detector properties in a single device. | ||||
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ISSN | 2100-014X | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1349 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, G. N.; Shcherbatenko, M. L.; Lobanov, Y. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
Title | Superconducting nanowire single photon detector for coherent detection of weak optical signals | Type | Abstract | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | LPHYS'16 | Abbreviated Journal | LPHYS'16 |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-2 | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Traditionally, photon detectors are operated in a direct detection mode counting incident photonswith a known quantum efficiency. This procedure allows one to detect weak sources of radiation but allthe information about its frequency is limited by the optical filtering/resonating structures used which arenot as precise as would be required for some practical applications. In this work we propose heterodynereceiver based on a photon counting mixer which would combine excellent sensitivity of a photon countingdetector and excellent spectral resolution given by the heterodyne technique. At present, Superconducting-Nanowire-Single-Photon-Detectors (SNSPDs) [1] are widely used in a variety of applications providing thebest possible combination of the sensitivity and speed. SNSPDs demonstrate lack of drawbacks like highdark count rate or autopulsing, which are common for traditional semiconductor-based photon detectors,such as avalanche photon diodes.In our study we have investigated SNSPD operated as a photon counting mixer. To fully understandits behavior in such a regime, we have utilized experimental setup based on a couple of distributedfeedback lasers irradiating at 1.5 micrometers, one of which is being the Local Oscillator (LO) and theother mimics the test signal [2]. The SNSPD was operated in the current mode and the bias currentwas slightly below of the critical current. Advantageously, we have found that LO power needed for anoptimal mixing is of the order of hundreds of femtowatts to a few picowatts, which is promising for manypractical applications, such as receiver matrices [3]. With use of the two lasers, one can observe thevoltage pulses produced by the detected photons, and the time distribution of the pulses reproduces thefrequency difference between the lasers, forming power response at the intermediate frequency which canbe captured by either an oscilloscope (an analysis of the pulse statistics is needed) or by an RF spectrumanalyzer. Photon-counting nature of the detector ensures quantum-limited sensitivity with respect to theoptical coupling achieved. In addition to the chip SNSPD with normal incidence coupling, we use thedetectors with a travelling wave geometry design [4]. In this case a NbN nanowire is placed on the topof a Si3N4 nanophotonic waveguide, thus increasing the efficient interaction length. For this reason it ispossible to achieve almost complete absorption of photons and reduce the detector footprint. This reducesthe noise of the device together with the expansion of the bandwidth. Integrated device scheme allowsus to measure the optical losses with high accuracy. Our approach is fully scalable and, along with alarge number of devices integrated on a single chip can be adapted to the mid and far IR ranges wherephoton-counting measurement may be beneficial as well [5].Acknowledgements: This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education and Science of theRussian Federation, contract No. 14.B25.31.0007 and by RFBR grant No. 16-32-00465. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1220 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Tarkhov, M.; Kaurova, N.; Seleznev, V.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Antipov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | J. Modern Opt. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Modern Opt. |
Volume | 56 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 1670-1680 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The state-of-the-art of the NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector technology (SSPD) is presented. The SSPDs exhibit excellent performance at 2 K temperature: 30% quantum efficiency from visible to infrared, negligible dark count rate, single-photon sensitivity up to 5.6 µm. The recent achievements in the development of GHz counting rate devices with photon-number resolving capability is presented. | ||||
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ISSN | 0950-0340 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ akorneev @ | Serial | 607 | ||
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Author | Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Izbenko, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Nano-structured superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 520 | Issue | 1-3 | Pages | 527-529 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | NbN detectors, formed into meander-type, 10×10-μm2 area structures, based on ultrathin (down to 3.5-nm thickness) and nanometer-width (down to below 100 nm) NbN films are capable of efficiently detecting and counting single photons from the ultraviolet to near-infrared optical wavelength range. Our best devices exhibit QE >15% in the visible range and ∼10% in the 1.3–1.5-μm infrared telecommunication window. The noise equivalent power (NEP) ranges from ∼10−17 W/Hz1/2 at 1.5 μm radiation to ∼10−19 W/Hz1/2 at 0.56 μm, and the dark counts are over two orders of magnitude lower than in any semiconducting competitors. The intrinsic response time is estimated to be <30 ps. Such ultrafast detector response enables a very high, GHz-rate real-time counting of single photons. Already established applications of NbN photon counters are non-invasive testing and debugging of VLSI Si CMOS circuits and quantum communications. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0168-9002 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1495 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Lipatov, A. P.; Pearlman, A. J.; Cross, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A. A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Advanced nanostructured optical NbN single-photon detector operated at 2.0 K | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 5732 | Issue | Pages | 520-529 | |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present our studies on quantum efficiency (QE), dark counts, and noise equivalent power (NEP) of the latest generation of nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) operated at 2.0 K. Our SSPDs are based on 4 nm-thick NbN films, patterned by electron beam lithography as highly-uniform 100÷120-nm-wide meander-shaped stripes, covering the total area of 10x10 μm2 with the meander filling factor of 0.7. Advances in the fabrication process and low-temperature operation lead to QE as high as 30-40% for visible-light photons (0.56 μm wavelength)-the saturation value, limited by optical absorption of the NbN film. For 1.55 μm photons, QE was 20% and decreased exponentially with the wavelength reaching 0.02% at the 5-μm wavelength. Being operated at 2.0-K temperature the SSPDs revealed an exponential decrease of the dark count rate, what along with the high QE, resulted in the NEP as low as 5x10-21 W/Hz-1/2, the lowest value ever reported for near-infrared optical detectors. The SSPD counting rate was measured to be above 1 GHz with the pulse-to-pulse jitter below 20 ps. Our nanostructured NbN SSPDs operated at 2.0 K significantly outperform their semiconducting counterparts and find practical applications ranging from noninvasive testing of CMOS VLSI integrated circuits to ultrafast quantum communications and quantum cryptography. | ||||
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Publisher | Spie | Place of Publication | Editor | Razeghi, M.; Brown, G.J. | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1478 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, G.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R. | ||||
Title | Quantum photonic integrated circuits with waveguide integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | EPJ Web Conf. | Abbreviated Journal | EPJ Web Conf. |
Volume | 190 | Issue | Pages | 02004 (1 to 2) | |
Keywords | waveguide SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We show the design, a history of development as well as the most successful and promising approaches for QPICs realization based on hybrid nanophotonic-superconducting devices, where one of the key elements of such a circuit is a waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector (WSSPD). The potential of integration with fluorescent molecules is discussed also. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2100-014X | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1320 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, Gregory | ||||
Title | Superconducting thin film nanostructures as terahertz and infrared heterodyne and direct detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | 16th ISEC | Abbreviated Journal | 16th ISEC |
Volume | Issue | Pages | Th-I-QTE-03 (1 to 3) | ||
Keywords | waveguide SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present our recent achievements in the development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with optical waveguides on a chip. We demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 90% on-chipquantum-efficiency (OCDE), and the heterodyne mixing with a close to the quantum limit sensitivity at the telecommunication wavelength using single device. | ||||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | IEEE/CSC & ESAS Superconductivity News Forum | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1745 | |||
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Author | Gol’tsman, G. N.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Lipatov, A.; Semenov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Dzardanov, A.; Williams, C.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Picosecond superconducting single-photon optical detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 79 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 705-707 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We experimentally demonstrate a supercurrent-assisted, hotspot-formation mechanism for ultrafast detection and counting of visible and infrared photons. A photon-induced hotspot leads to a temporary formation of a resistive barrier across the superconducting sensor strip and results in an easily measurable voltage pulse. Subsequent hotspot healing in ∼30 ps time frame, restores the superconductivity (zero-voltage state), and the detector is ready to register another photon. Our device consists of an ultrathin, very narrow NbN strip, maintained at 4.2 K and current-biased close to the critical current. It exhibits an experimentally measured quantum efficiency of ∼20% for 0.81 μm wavelength photons and negligible dark counts. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1543 | |||
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Author | Gol’tsman, G. N.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinsky, V.; Zhang, J.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Fabrication of nanostructured superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 192-195 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Fabrication of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors, based on the hotspot effect is presented. The hotspot formation arises in an ultrathin and submicrometer-width superconductor stripe and, together with the supercurrent redistribution, leads to the resistive detector response upon absorption of a photon. The detector has a meander structure to maximally increase its active area and reach the highest detection efficiency. Main processing steps, leading to efficient devices, sensitive in 0.4-5 /spl mu/m wavelength range, are presented. The impact of various processing steps on the performance and operational parameters of our detectors is discussed. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1515 | |||
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Author | Gol’tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Seleznev, V.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K. | ||||
Title | Middle-infrared ultrafast superconducting single photon detector | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | 32nd IRMW / 15th ICTE | Abbreviated Journal | 32nd IRMW / 15th ICTE |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 115-116 | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present the results of the research on quantum efficiency of the ultrathin-film superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) in the wavelength rage from 1 mum to 5.7 mum. Reduction of operation temperature to 1.6 K allowed us to measure quantum efficiency of ~1 % at 5.7 mum wavelength with the SSPD made from 4-nm-thick NbN film. In a pursuit of further performance improvement we endeavored SSPD fabricating from 4-nm-thick MoRe film as an alternative material. The MoRe film exhibited transition temperature of 7.7K, critical current density at 4.2 K temperature was 1.1times10 6 A/cm 2 , and diffusivity 1.73 cmVs. The single-photon response was observed with MoRe SSPD at 1.3 mum wavelength with quantum efficiency estimated to be 0.04%. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1246 | |||
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Author | Gol’tsman, G.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Lipatov, A.; Dzardanov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Semenov, A.; Voronov, B.; Williams, C.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Fabrication and properties of an ultrafast NbN hot-electron single-photon detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 574-577 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | A new type of ultra-high-speed single-photon counter for visible and near-infrared wavebands based on an ultrathin NbN hot-electron photodetector (HEP) has been developed. The detector consists of a very narrow superconducting stripe, biased close to its critical current. An incoming photon absorbed by the stripe produces a resistive hotspot and causes an increase in the film’s supercurrent density above the critical value, leading to temporary formation of a resistive barrier across the device and an easily measurable voltage pulse. Our NbN HEP is an ultrafast (estimated response time is 30 ps; registered time, due to apparatus limitations, is 150 ps), frequency unselective device with very large intrinsic gain and negligible dark counts. We have observed sequences of output pulses, interpreted as single-photon events for very weak laser beams with wavelengths ranging from 0.5 /spl mu/m to 2.1 /spl mu/m and the signal-to-noise ratio of about 30 dB. | ||||
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ISSN | 1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1547 | |||
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Author | Gol’tsman, G.N. | ||||
Title | Overview of recent results for superconducting NbN terahertz and optical detectors and mixers | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | SM2 – Seminar on Terahertz Photonics | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 0562 | ||
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, HEB | ||||
Abstract | We present our recent achievements in the development of sensitive and ultrafast thin-film superconducting sensors: hot-electron bolometers (HEB), HEB-mixers for terahertz range and infrared single-photon counters. These sensors have already demonstrated a performance that makes them devices-of-choice for many terahertz and optical applications. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1746 | |||
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Author | Gupta, D.; Kadin, A. M. | ||||
Title | Single-photon-counting hotspot detector with integrated RSFQ readout electronics | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 4487-4490 |
Keywords | RSFQ, SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Absorption of an infrared photon in an ultrathin film (such as 10-nm NbN) creates a localized nonequilibrium hotspot on the submicron length scale and sub-ns time scale. If a strip /spl sim/1 /spl mu/m wide is biased in the middle of the superconducting transition, this hotspot will lead to a resistance pulse with amplitude proportional to the energy of the incident photon. This resistance pulse, in turn, can be converted to a current pulse and inductively coupled to a SQUID amplifier with a digitized output, operating at 4 K or above. A preliminary design analysis indicates that this data can be processed on-chip, using ultrafast RSFQ digital circuits, to obtain a sensitive infrared detector for wavelengths up to 10 /spl mu/m and beyond, with bandwidth of 1 GHz, that counts individual photons and measures their energy with 25 meV resolution. This proposed device combines the speed of a hot-electron bolometer with the single-photon-counting ability of a transition-edge microcalorimeter, to obtain an infrared detector with sensitivity, speed, and spectral selectivity that are unmatched by any alternative technology. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1080 | |||
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Author | Henrich, D.; Dorner,S.; Hofherr, M.; Il'in, K.; Semenov, A.; Heintze, E.; Scheffler, M.; Dressel, M.; Siegel, M. | ||||
Title | Broadening of hot-spot response spectrum of superconducting NbN nanowire single-photon detector with reduced nitrogen content | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. | |
Volume | 112 | Issue | Pages | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, magnetron sputtering, spectrum, NbN film, nitrogen concentration | ||||
Abstract | The spectral detection efficiency and the dark count rate of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) have been studied systematically on detectors made from thin NbN films with different chemical compositions. Reduction of the nitrogen content in the 4 nm thick NbN films results in a decrease of the dark count rates more than two orders of magnitude and in a red shift of the cut-off wavelength of the hot-spot SNSPD response. The observed phenomena are explained by an improvement of uniformity of NbN films that has been confirmed by a decrease of resistivity and an increase of the ratio of the measured critical current to the depairing current. The latter factor is considered as the most crucial for both the cut-off wavelength and the dark count rates of SNSPD. Based on our results we propose a set of criteria for material properties to optimize SNSPD in the infrared spectral region. VC 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757625] |
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Corporate Author | D. Henrich, S. Dorner, M. Hofherr, K. Il'in, A. Semenov, E. Heintze, M. Scheffler, M. Dressel, M. Siegel | Thesis | |||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | Broadening of hot-spot response spectrum of superconducting NbN nanowire single-photon detector with reduced nitrogen content | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ seleznev @ | Serial | 877 | ||
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Author | Il'in, K. S.; Currie, M.; Lindgren, M.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Quantum efficiency and time-domain response of superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 3338-3341 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We report our studies on the response of ultrathin superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors. We have measured the photoresponse of few-nm-thick, micron-size structures, which consisted of single and multiple microbridges, to radiation from the continuous-wave semiconductor laser and the femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser with the wavelength of 790 nm and 400 nm, respectively. The maximum responsivity was observed near the film's superconducting transition with the device optimally current-biased in the resistive state. The responsivity of the detector, normalized to its illuminated area and the coupling factor, was 220 A/W(3/spl times/10/sup 4/ V/W), which corresponded to a quantum efficiency of 340. The responsivity was wavelength independent from the far infrared to the ultraviolet range, and was at least two orders of magnitude higher than comparable semiconductor optical detectors. The time constant of the photoresponse signal was 45 ps, when was measured at 2.15 K in the resistive (switched) state using a cryogenic electro-optical sampling technique with subpicosecond resolution. The obtained results agree very well with our calculations performed using a two-temperature model of the electron heating in thin superconducting films. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1566 | |||
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Author | Il'in, K. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Sobolewski, Roman | ||||
Title | Characterization of the electron energy relaxation process in NbN hot-electron devices | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 390-397 | ||
Keywords | HEB mixers, SSPD, SNSPD, NbN films, Nb films | ||||
Abstract | We report on transient measurements of electron energy relaxation in NbN films with 300-fs time resolution. Using an electro-optic sampling technique, we have studied the photoresponse of 3.5-nm-thick NbN films deposited on sapphire substrates and exposed to 100-fs-wide optical pulses. Our experimental data analysis was based on the two-temperature model and has shown that in our films at the superconducting transition 10.5 K the inelastic electron-phonon scattering time was about (111}+-__.2) ps. This response time indicated that the maximum intermediate-frequency band of a NbN hot-electron phonon-cooled mixer should reach (16+41-3) GHz if one eliminates the bolometric phonon-heating effect. We have suggested several ways to increase the effectiveness of phonon cooling to achieve the above intrinsic value of the NbN mixer bandwidth. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1576 | |||
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Author | Il'in, K. S.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Infrared hot-electron NbN superconducting photodetectors for imaging applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume | 12 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 755-758 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We report an effective quantum efficiency of 340, responsivity >200 A W-1 (>104 V W-1) and response time of 27±5 ps at temperatures close to the superconducting transition for NbN superconducting hot-electron photodetectors (HEPs) in the near-infrared and optical ranges. Our studies were performed on a few nm thick NbN films deposited on sapphire substrates and patterned into µm-size multibridge detector structures, incorporated into a coplanar transmission line. The time-resolved photoresponse was studied by means of subpicosecond electro-optic sampling with 100 fs wide laser pulses. The quantum efficiency and responsivity studies of our photodetectors were conducted using an amplitude-modulated infrared beam, fibre-optically coupled to the device. The observed picosecond response time and the very high efficiency and sensitivity of the NbN HEPs make them an excellent choice for infrared imaging photodetectors and input optical-to-electrical transducers for superconducting digital circuits. | ||||
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ISSN | 0953-2048 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1562 | |||
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Author | Il’in, K. S.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Ultimate quantum efficiency of a superconducting hot-electron photodetector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 3938-3940 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The quantum efficiency and current and voltage responsivities of fast hot-electron photodetectors, fabricated from superconducting NbN thin films and biased in the resistive state, have been shown to reach values of 340, 220 A/W, and 4×104 V/W, respectively, for infrared radiation with a wavelength of 0.79 μm. The characteristics of the photodetectors are presented within the general model, based on relaxation processes in the nonequilibrium electron heating of a superconducting thin film. The observed, very high efficiency and sensitivity of the superconductor absorbing the photon are explained by the high multiplication rate of quasiparticles during the avalanche breaking of Cooper pairs. |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1579 | |||
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Author | Inderbitzin, K.; Engel, A.; Schilling, A.; Il'in, K.; Siegel, M. | ||||
Title | An ultra-fast superconducting Nb nanowire single-photon detector for soft x-rays | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. | |
Volume | 101 | Issue | Pages | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, x-ray, Nb | ||||
Abstract | Although superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are well studied regarding the detection of infrared/optical photons and keV-molecules, no studies on continuous x-ray photon counting by thick-film detectors have been reported so far. We fabricated a 100 nm thick niobium x-ray SNSPD (an X-SNSPD) and studied its detection capability of photons with keV-energies in continuous mode. The detector is capable to detect photons even at reduced bias currents of 0.4%, which is in sharp contrast to optical thin-film SNSPDs. No dark counts were recorded in extended measurement periods. Strikingly, the signal amplitude distribution depends significantly on the photon energy spectrum.VC |
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Call Number | RPLAB @ seleznev @ | Serial | 878 | ||
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Author | Jukna, A.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Pan, D.; Cross, A.; Perlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Dynamics of hotspot formation in nanostructured superconducting stripes excited with single photons | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Acta Physica Polonica A | Abbreviated Journal | Acta Physica Polonica A |
Volume | 113 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 955-958 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Dynamics of a resistive hotspot formation by near-infrared-wavelength single photons in nanowire-type superconducting NbN stripes was investigated. Numerical simulations of ultrafast thermalization of photon-excited nonequilibrium quasiparticles, their multiplication and out-diffusion from a site of the photon absorption demonstrate that 1.55 μm wavelength photons create in an ultrathin, two-dimensional superconducting film a resistive hotspot with the diameter which depends on the photon energy, and the nanowire temperature and biasing conditions. Our hotspot model indicates that under the subcritical current bias of the 2D stripe, the electric field penetrates the superconductor at the hotspot boundary, leading to suppression of the stripe superconducting properties and accelerated development of a voltage transient across the stripe. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1414 | |||
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Author | Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. | ||||
Title | Spectrally resolved single-photon imaging with hybrid superconducting – nanophotonic circuits | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | arXiv | Abbreviated Journal | arXiv |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-20 | ||
Keywords | waiveguide SSPD, SNSPD, imaging | ||||
Abstract | The detection of individual photons is an inherently binary mechanism, revealing either their absence or presence while concealing their spectral information. For multi-color imaging techniques, such as single photon spectroscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, wavelength discrimination is essential and mandates spectral separation prior to detection. Here, we adopt an approach borrowed from quantum photonic integration to realize a compact and scalable waveguide-integrated single-photon spectrometer capable of parallel detection on multiple wavelength channels, with temporal resolution below 50 ps and dark count rates below 10 Hz. We demonstrate multi-detector devices for telecommunication and visible wavelengths and showcase their performance by imaging silicon vacancy color centers in diamond nanoclusters. The fully integrated hybrid superconducting-nanophotonic circuits enable simultaneous spectroscopy and lifetime mapping for correlative imaging and provide the ingredients for quantum wavelength division multiplexing on a chip. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1334 | |||
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Author | Kerman, A. J.; Dauler, E. A.; Keicher, W. E.; Yang, J. K. W.; Berggren, K. K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B. | ||||
Title | Kinetic-inductance-limited reset time of superconducting nanowire photon counters | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 88 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 111116 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We investigate the recovery of superconducting NbN-nanowire photon counters after detection of an optical pulse at a wavelength of 1550nm, and present a model that quantitatively accounts for our observations. The reset time is found to be limited by the large kinetic inductance of these nanowires, which forces a tradeoff between counting rate and either detection efficiency or active area. Devices of usable size and high detection efficiency are found to have reset times orders of magnitude longer than their intrinsic photoresponse time. The authors acknowledge D. Oates and W. Oliver (MIT Lincoln Laboratory), S.W. Nam, A. Miller, and R. Hadfield (NIST) and R. Sobolewski, A. Pearlman, and A. Verevkin (University of Rochester) for helpful discussions and technical assistance. This work made use of MIT’s shared scanning-electron-beam-lithography facility in the Research Laboratory of Electronics. This work is sponsored by the United States Air Force under Air Force Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, recommendations and conclusions are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1453 | |||
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Author | Kerman, A. J.; Dauler, E. A.; Yang, J. K. W.; Rosfjord, K. M.; Anant, V.; Berggren, K. K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
Title | Constriction-limited detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 90 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 101110 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We investigate the source of the large variations in the observed detection efficiencies of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors between many nominally identical devices. Through both electrical and optical measurements, we infer that these variations arise from “constrictions:” highly localized regions of the nanowires where the effective cross-sectional area for superconducting current is reduced. These constrictions limit the bias-current density to well below its critical value over the remainder of the wire, and thus prevent the detection efficiency from reaching the high values that occur in these devices when they are biased near the critical current density. This work is sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0002. |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1433 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A. A. | ||||
Title | Superconducting NbN microstrip single-photon detectors | Type | Abstract | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Proc. Quantum Optics and Photon Counting | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Quantum Optics and Photon Counting |
Volume | 11771 | Issue | Pages | ||
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors (SSPD) invented two decades ago have evolved to a mature technology and have become devices of choice in the advanced applications of quantum optics, such as quantum cryptography and optical quantum computing. In these applications SSPDs are coupled to single-mode fibers and feature almost unity detection efficiency, negligible dark counts, picosecond timing jitter and MHz photon count rate. Meanwhile, there are great many applications requiring coupling to multi-mode fibers or free space. ‘Classical’ SSPDs with 100-nm-wide superconducting strip and covering area of about 100 µm2 are not suitable for further scaling due to degradation of performance and low fabrication yield. Recently we have demonstrated single-photon counting in micron-wide superconducting bridges and strips. Here we present our approach to the realization of practical photon-counting detectors of large enough area to be efficiently coupled to multi-mode fibers or free space. The detector is either a meander or a spiral of 1-µm-wide strip covering an area of 50x50 µm2. Being operated at 1.7K temperature it demonstrates the saturated detection efficiency (i.e. limited by the absorption in the detector) up to 1550 nm wavelength, about 10 ns dead time and timing jitter in range 50-100 ps. | ||||
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Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Prochazka, I.; Štefaňák, M.; Sobolewski, R.; Gábris, A. | |
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Area | Expedition | Conference | Quantum Optics and Photon Counting; SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, 2021, Online Only | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1784 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A. A.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Larionov, P. A.; Manova, N. N.; Florya, I. N.; Trifonov, A. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Smirnov, K. V.; Semenov, A. V.; Chulkova, G. M.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | IR single-photon receiver based on ultrathin NbN superconducting film | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Rus. J. Radio Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
Volume | Issue | 5 | Pages | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present our recent results in research and development of superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). We achieved the following performance improvement: first, we developed and characterized SSPD integrated in optical cavity and enabling its illumination from the face side, not through the substrate, second, we improved the quantum efficiency of the SSPD at around 3 μm wavelength by reduction of the strip width to 40 nm, and, finally, we improved the detection efficiency of the SSPD-based single-photon receiver system up to 20% at 1550 nm and extended its wavelength range beyond 1800 nm by the usage of the fluoride ZBLAN fibres. | ||||
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Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | 8 pages | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ korneevir | Serial | 1043 | ||
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Author | Korneev, A. A.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Yu.; Pershin, Y. P.; Semenov, A. V.; Vodolazov, D. Yu.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Sivakov, A. G.; Devizenko, A. Yu.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Characterization of MoSi superconducting single-photon detectors in the magnetic field | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 25 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 2200504 (1 to 4) |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We investigate the response mechanism of nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) made of amorphous MoxSi1-x. We study the dependence of photon count and dark count rates on bias current in magnetic fields up to 113 mT at 1.7 K temperature. The observed behavior of photon counts is similar to the one recently observed in NbN SSPDs. Our results show that the detecting mechanism of relatively high-energy photons does not involve the vortex penetration from the edges of the film, and on the contrary, the detecting mechanism of low-energy photons probably involves the vortex penetration from the film edges. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ akorneev @ KorneevIEEE2015 | Serial | 991 | ||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Seleznev, V.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Cross, A.; Alvarez, P.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Quantum Electronics | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 35 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 698-700 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detectors are studied. The development of manufacturing technology of detectors and the reduction of their operating temperature down to 2 K resulted in a considerable increase in their quantum efficiency, which reached in the visible region (at 0.56 μm) 30%—40%, i.e., achieved the limit determined by the absorption coefficient of the film. The quantum efficiency exponentially decreases with increasing wavelength, being equal to ~20% at 1.55 μm and ~0.02% at 5 μm. For the dark count rate of ~10-4s-1, the experimental equivalent noise power was 1.5×10-20 W Hz-1/2; it can be decreased in the future down to the record low value of 5×10-21 W Hz-1/2. The time resolution of the detector is 30 ps. | ||||
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Notes | Сверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор на основе ультратонкой пленки NbN | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 383 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Superconducting NbN-nanowire single-photon detectors capable of photon number resolving | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Supercond. News Forum | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. News Forum |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | PNR SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present our latest generation of ultra-fast superconducting NbN single-photon detectors (SSPD) capable of photon-number resolving (PNR). The novel SSPDs combine 10 μm x 10 μm active area with low kinetic inductance and PNR capability. That resulted in significantly reduced photoresponse pulse duration, allowing for GHz counting rates. The detector’s response magnitude is directly proportional to the number of incident photons, which makes this feature easy to use. We present experimental data on the performance of the PNR SSPDs. These detectors are perfectly suited for fibreless free-space telecommunications, as well as for ultra-fast quantum cryptography and quantum computing. | ||||
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Notes | Reference No. ST34, paper # 012307, eventually not pulished (skipped) at https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/0953-2048/21/1 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ korneevsuperconducting | Serial | 1046 | ||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Semenov, A.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Photon switching statistics in multistrip superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 28 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 1-4 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We study photon count statistics in superconducting single-photon detectors consisting of up to 70 narrow superconducting strips connected in parallel. Using interarrival time analysis, we demonstrate that our samples are operated in the “arm-trigger” regime and require up to seven subsequently absorbed photons to form a resistive state in the whole sample. We also performed numerical simulation of the light and dark count rates versus detector bias current, which are in good agreement with the experimental results. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1304 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector for mid-infrared | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Phys. Procedia | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Procedia |
Volume | 36 | Issue | Pages | 72-76 | |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) is typically 100 nm-wide supercondiucting strip in a shape of meander made of 4-nm-thick film. To reduce response time and increase voltage response a parallel connection of the strips was proposed. Recently we demonstrated that reduction of the strip width improves the quantum effciency of such a detector at wavelengths longer than 1.5 μm. Being encourage by this progress in quantum effciency we improved the fabrication process and made parallel-wire SSPD with 40-nm-wide strips covering total area of 10 μm x 10 μm. In this paper we present the results of the characterization of such a parallel-wire SSPD at 10.6 μm wavelength and demonstrate linear dependence of the count rate on the light power as it should be in case of single-photon response. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1875-3892 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1382 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Spectral sensitivity of narrow strip NbN superconducting single-photon detector | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 8072 | Issue | Pages | 80720G (1 to 9) | |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) is patterned from 4-nm-thick NbN film deposited on sapphire substrate as a 100-nm-wide strip. Due to its high detection efficiency, low dark counts, and picosecond timing jitter SSPD has become a competitor to the InGaAs avalanche photodiodes at 1550 nm and longer wavelengths. Although the SSPD is operated at liquid helium temperature its efficient single-mode fibre coupling enabled its usage in many applications ranging from single-photon sources research to quantum cryptography. In our strive to increase the detection efficiency at 1550 nm and longer wavelengths we developed and fabricated SSPD with the strip almost twice narrower compared to the standard 100 nm. To increase the voltage response of the device we utilized cascade switching mechanism: we connected 50-nm-wide and 10-μm-long strips in parallel covering the area of 10 μmx10 μm. Absorption of a photon breaks the superconductivity in a strip leading to the bias current redistribution between other strips followed their cascade switching. As the total current of all the strips about is 1 mA by the order of magnitude the response voltage of such an SSPD is several times higher compared to the traditional meander-shaped SSPDs. In middle infrared (about 3 μm wavelength) these devices have the detection efficiency several times higher compared to the traditional SSPDs. | ||||
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Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Fiurásek, J.; Prochazka, I. | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | Photon Counting Applications, Quantum Optics, and Quantum Information Transfer and Processing III | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1387 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Manova, N.; Larionov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Semenov, A.; Chulkova, G.; Vachtomin, Y.; Smirnov, K.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Recent nanowire superconducting single-photon detector optimization for practical applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 23 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 2201204 (1 to 4) |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | In this paper, we present our approaches to the development of fiber-coupled superconducting single photon detectors with enhanced photon absorption. For such devices we have measured detection efficiency in wavelength range from 500 to 2000 nm. The best fiber coupled devices exhibit detection efficiency of 44.5% at 1310 nm wavelength and 35.5% at 1550 nm at 10 dark counts per second. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ akorneev @ KorneevIEEE2013 | Serial | 996 | ||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; An, P.; Golikov, A.; Zubkova, E.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R. | ||||
Title | Superconducting single-photon detector for integrated waveguide spectrometer | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | EPJ Web Conf. | Abbreviated Journal | EPJ Web Conf. |
Volume | 190 | Issue | Pages | 04009 | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, Si3N4 waveguides, waveguide spectrometer | ||||
Abstract | We present our recent achievements in the development of an on-chip spectrometer consisting of arrayed waveguide grating made of Si3N4 waveguides and NbN superconducting single-photon detector. | ||||
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ISSN | 2100-014X | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1199 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Pernice, W.; An, P.; Golikov, A.; Zubkova, E.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors for Integrated Nanophotonics Circuits | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | 16th ISEC | Abbreviated Journal | 16th ISEC |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-3 | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present an overview of our recent achievements in integration of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors SNSPD with dielectric optical waveguides. We are able to produce complex nanophotonics integrated circuits containing optical elements and photon detector on single chip thus producing a compact integrated platform for quantum optics applications. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | 8314200 | Serial | 1200 | ||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | GHz counting rate NbN single-photon detector for IR diagnostics of VLSI CMOS circuits | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Microelectronic Engineering | Abbreviated Journal | Microelectronic Engineering |
Volume | 69 | Issue | 2-4 | Pages | 274-278 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications | ||||
Abstract | We present a new, simple to manufacture superconducting single-photon detector operational in the range from ultraviolet to mid-infrared radiation wavelengths. The detector combines GHz counting rate, high quantum efficiency and very low level of dark (false) counts. At 1.3–1.5 μm wavelength range our detector exhibits a quantum efficiency of 5–10%. The detector photoresponse voltage pulse duration was measured to be about 150 ps with jitter of 35 ps and both of them were limited mostly by our measurement equipment. In terms of quantum efficiency, dark counts level, speed of operation the detector surpasses all semiconductor counterparts and was successfully applied for CMOS integrated circuits diagnostics. | ||||
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ISSN | 0167-9317 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1511 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Matvienko, V.; Minaeva, O.; Milostnaya, I.; Rubtsova, I.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, V.; Gol’tsman, G.; Slysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Quantum efficiency and noise equivalent power of nanostructured, NbN, single-photon detectors in the wavelength range from visible to infrared | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 571-574 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, QE, NEP | ||||
Abstract | We present our studies on the quantum efficiency (QE) and the noise equivalent power (NEP) of the latest-generation, nanostructured, superconducting, single-photon detectors (SSPDs) in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 5.6 /spl mu/m, operated at temperatures in the 2.0- to 4.2-K range. Our detectors are designed as 4-nm-thick and 100-nm-wide NbN meander-shaped stripes, patterned by electron-beam lithography and cover a 10/spl times/10-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ active area. The best-achieved QE at 2.0 K for 1.55-/spl mu/m photons is 17%, and QE for 1.3-/spl mu/m infrared photons reaches its saturation value of /spl sim/30%. The SSPD NEP at 2.0 K is as low as 5/spl times/10/sup -21/ W/Hz/sup -1/2/. Our nanostructured SSPDs, operated at 2.0 K, significantly outperform their semiconducting counterparts, and, together with their GHz counting rate and picosecond timing jitter, they are devices-of-choice for practical quantum key distribution systems and free-space (even interplanetary) quantum optical communications. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1467 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Divochiy, A.; Antipov, A.; Kaurova, N.; Seleznev, V.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Pan, D.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast and high quantum efficiency large-area superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 6583 | Issue | Pages | 65830I (1 to 9) | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting NbN films, infrared single-photon detectors | ||||
Abstract | We present our latest generation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) patterned from 4-nm-thick NbN films, as meander-shaped 0.5-mm-long and 100-nm-wide stripes. The SSPDs exhibit excellent performance parameters in the visible-to-near-infrared radiation wavelengths: quantum efficiency (QE) of our best devices approaches a saturation level of 30% even at 4.2 K (limited by the NbN film optical absorption) and dark counts as low as 2x10-4 Hz. The presented SSPDs were designed to maintain the QE of large-active-area devices, but, unless our earlier SSPDs, hampered by a significant kinetic inductance and a nanosecond response time, they are characterized by a low inductance and GHz counting rates. We have designed, simulated, and tested the structures consisting of several, connected in parallel, meander sections, each having a resistor connected in series. Such new, multi-element geometry led to a significant decrease of the device kinetic inductance without the decrease of its active area and QE. The presented improvement in the SSPD performance makes our detectors most attractive for high-speed quantum communications and quantum cryptography applications. | ||||
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Publisher | Spie | Place of Publication | Editor | Dusek, M.; Hillery, M.S.; Schleich, W.P.; Prochazka, I.; Migdall, A.L.; Pauchard, A. | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1249 | |||
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Author | Korneev, Alexander; Golt'sman, Gregory; Pernice, Wolfram | ||||
Title | Photonic integration meets single-photon detection | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Laser Focus World | Abbreviated Journal | Laser Focus World |
Volume | 51 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 47-50 |
Keywords | optical waveguide SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | By embedding superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) in nanophotonic circuits, these waveguide-integrated detectors are a key building block for future on-chip quantum computing applications. | ||||
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Call Number | RPLAB @ akorneev @ | Serial | 1126 | ||
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Author | Korneev, Alexander; Vachtomin, Yury; Minaeva, Olga; Divochiy, Alexander; Smirnov, Konstantin; Okunev, Oleg; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Zinoni, C.; Chauvin, Nicolas; Balet, Laurent; Marsili, Francesco; Bitauld, David; Alloing, Blandine; Li, Lianhe; Fiore, Andrea; Lunghi, L.; Gerardino, Annamaria; Halder, Matthäus; Jorel, Corentin; Zbinden, Hugo | ||||
Title | Single-photon detection system for quantum optics applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 944-951 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We describe the design and characterization of a fiber-coupled double-channel single-photon detection system based on superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD), and its application for quantum optics experiments on semiconductor nanostructures. When operated at 2-K temperature, the system shows 10% quantum efficiency at 1.3-¿m wavelength with dark count rate below 10 counts per second and timing resolution <100 ps. The short recovery time and absence of afterpulsing leads to counting frequencies as high as 40 MHz. Moreover, the low dark count rate allows operation in continuous mode (without gating). These characteristics are very attractive-as compared to InGaAs avalanche photodiodes-for quantum optics experiments at telecommunication wavelengths. We demonstrate the use of the system in time-correlated fluorescence spectroscopy of quantum wells and in the measurement of the intensity correlation function of light emitted by semiconductor quantum dots at 1300 nm. | ||||
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ISSN | 1077-260X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 430 | |||
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Author | Korneeva, Y. P.; Manova, N. N.; Florya, I. N.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Dobrovolskiy, O. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Vodolazov, D. Y. | ||||
Title | Different single-photon response of wide and narrow superconducting MoxSi1−x strips | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Phys. Rev. Applied | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. Applied |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 024011 (1 to 7) |
Keywords | MoSi SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The photon count rate (PCR) of superconducting single-photon detectors made of MoxSi1−x films shaped as a 2-μm-wide strip and a 115-nm-wide meander strip line is studied experimentally as a function of the dc biasing current at different values of the perpendicular magnetic field. For the wide strip, a crossover current Icross is observed, below which the PCR increases with an increasing magnetic field and above which it decreases. This behavior contrasts with the narrow MoxSi1−x meander, for which no crossover current is observed, thus suggesting different photon-detection mechanisms in the wide and narrow strips. Namely, we argue that in the wide strip the absorbed photon destroys superconductivity locally via the vortex-antivortex mechanism for the emergence of resistance, while in the narrow meander superconductivity is destroyed across the whole strip line, forming a hot belt. Accordingly, the different photon-detection mechanisms associated with vortices and the hot belt determine the qualitative difference in the dependence of the PCR on the magnetic field. | ||||
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ISSN | 2331-7019 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1790 | |||
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Author | Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Pershin, Y. P.; Manova, N. N.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Sivakov, A. G.; Devizenko, A. Y.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Superconducting single-photon detector made of MoSi film | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume | 27 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 095012 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We fabricated and characterized nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors made of 4 nm thick amorphous Mox Si1−x films. At 1.7 K the best devices exhibit a detection efficiency (DE) up to 18% at 1.2 $\mu {\rm m}$ wavelength of unpolarized light, a characteristic response time of about 6 ns and timing jitter of 120 ps. The DE was studied in wavelength range from 650 nm to 2500 nm. At wavelengths below 1200 nm these detectors reach their maximum DE limited by photon absorption in the thin MoSi film. | ||||
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Publisher | IOP Publishing | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 0953-2048 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ korneeva2014superconducting | Serial | 1044 | ||
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Author | Korneeva, Y.; Sidorova, M.; Semenov, A.; Krasnosvobodtsev, S.; Mitsen, K.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Comparison of hot-spot formation in NbC and NbN single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 26 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 1-4 |
Keywords | NbC, NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We report an experimental investigation of the hot-spot evolution in superconducting single-photon detectors made of disordered superconducting materials with different diffusivity and energy downconversion time values, i.e., 33-nm-thick NbN and 23-nm-thick NbC films. We have demonstrated that, in NbC film, only 405-nm photons produce sufficiently large hot spot to trigger a single-photon response. The dependence of detection efficiency on bias current for 405-nm photons in NbC is similar to that for 3400-nm photons in NbN. In NbC, large diffusivity and downconversion time result in 1-D critical current suppression profile compared with the usual 2-D profile in NbN. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1348 | |||
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Author | Korneeva, Y. P.; Vodolazov, D. Y.; Semenov, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Simonov, N.; Baeva, E.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
Title | Optical single-photon detection in micrometer-scale NbN bridges | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Phys. Rev. Applied | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. Applied |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 064037 (1 to 13) |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate experimentally that single-photon detection can be achieved in micrometer-wide NbN bridges, with widths ranging from 0.53 to 5.15 μm and for photon wavelengths of 408 to 1550 nm. The microbridges are biased with a dc current close to the experimental critical current, which is estimated to be about 50% of the theoretically expected depairing current. These results offer an alternative to the standard superconducting single-photon detectors, based on nanometer-scale nanowires implemented in a long meandering structure. The results are consistent with improved theoretical modeling based on the theory of nonequilibrium superconductivity, including the vortex-assisted mechanism of initial dissipation. | ||||
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ISSN | 2331-7019 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1303 | |||
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Author | Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Lobanov, Y.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector for on-chip quantum and spectral photonic application | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 917 | Issue | Pages | 062032 | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, waveguide | ||||
Abstract | With use of the travelling-wave geometry approach, integrated superconductor- nanophotonic devices based on silicon nitride nanophotonic waveguide with a superconducting NbN-nanowire suited on top of the waveguide were fabricated. NbN-nanowire was operated as a single-photon counting detector with up to 92 % on-chip detection efficiency in the coherent mode, serving as a highly sensitive IR heterodyne mixer with spectral resolution (f/df) greater than 106 in C-band at 1550 nm wavelength | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 1140 | ||
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Author | Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Lobanov, Yu; Shcherbatenko, M.; Korneev, A; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector for on-chip quantum and spectral photonic application | Type | Conference Volume | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Proc. SPBOPEN | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPBOPEN |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 421-422 | ||
Keywords | waveguide, SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | By adopting a travelling-wave geometry approach, integrated superconductor- nanophotonic devices were fabricated. The architecture consists of a superconducting NbN- nanowire atop of a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) nanophotonic waveguide. NbN-nanowire was operated as a single-photon counting detector, with up to 92% on-chip detection efficiency (OCDE), in the coherent mode, serving as a highly sensitive IR heterodyne mixer with spectral resolution (f/df) greater than 10^6 in C-band at 1550 nm wavelength. | ||||
Address | St. Petersburg, Russia | ||||
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Notes | Duplicated as 1140 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1256 | |||
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Author | Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Ozhegov, R.; Korneev, A.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pernice, W.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | On-chip coherent detection with quantum limited sensitivity | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Sci Rep | Abbreviated Journal | Sci Rep |
Volume | 7 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 4812 |
Keywords | waveguide, SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | While single photon detectors provide superior intensity sensitivity, spectral resolution is usually lost after the detection event. Yet for applications in low signal infrared spectroscopy recovering information about the photon's frequency contributions is essential. Here we use highly efficient waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors for on-chip coherent detection. In a single nanophotonic device, we demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 86% on-chip detection efficiency, as well as heterodyne coherent detection with spectral resolution f/f exceeding 10(11). By mixing a local oscillator with the single photon signal field, we observe frequency modulation at the intermediate frequency with ultra-low local oscillator power in the femto-Watt range. By optimizing the nanowire geometry and the working parameters of the detection scheme, we reach quantum-limited sensitivity. Our approach enables to realize matrix integrated heterodyne nanophotonic devices in the C-band wavelength range, for classical and quantum optics applications where single-photon counting as well as high spectral resolution are required simultaneously. | ||||
Address | National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia. ggoltsman@hse.ru | ||||
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ISSN | 2045-2322 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:28684752; PMCID:PMC5500578 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 1129 | ||
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Author | Kovalyuk, V.; Hartmann, W.; Kahl, O.; Kaurova, N.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
Title | Absorption engineering of NbN nanowires deposited on silicon nitride nanophotonic circuits | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 22683-22692 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, NbN nanoeires, Si3N4 waveguides | ||||
Abstract | We investigate the absorption properties of U-shaped niobium nitride (NbN) nanowires atop nanophotonic circuits. Nanowires as narrow as 20nm are realized in direct contact with Si3N4 waveguides and their absorption properties are extracted through balanced measurements. We perform a full characterization of the absorption coefficient in dependence of length, width and separation of the fabricated nanowires, as well as for waveguides with different cross-section and etch depth. Our results show excellent agreement with finite-element analysis simulations for all considered parameters. The experimental data thus allows for optimizing absorption properties of emerging single-photon detectors co-integrated with telecom wavelength optical circuits. | ||||
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ISSN | 1094-4087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:24104155 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1213 | |||
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Author | Kurochkin, V. L.; Zverev, A. V.; Kurochkin, Y. V.; Ryabtsev, I. I.; Neizvestnyi, I. G.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Larionov, P. A. | ||||
Title | Long-distance fiber-optic quantum key distribution using superconducting detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Proc. Optoelectron. Instrum. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Optoelectron. Instrum. |
Volume | 51 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 548-552 |
Keywords | QKD, SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | This paper presents the results of experimental studies on quantum key distribution in optical fiber using superconducting detectors. Key generation was obtained on an experimental setup based on a self-compensation optical circuit with an optical fiber length of 101.1 km. It was first shown that photon polarization encoding can be used for quantum key distribution in optical fiber over a distance in excess of 300 km. | ||||
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ISSN | 8756-6990 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1342 | |||
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Author | Lindgren, M.; Currie, M.; Zeng, W.-S.; Sobolewski, R.; Cherednichenko, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Picosecond response of a superconducting hot-electron NbN photodetector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 7-9 | Pages | 423-428 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The ps optical response of ultrathin NbN photodetectors has been studied by electro-optic sampling. The detectors were fabricated by patterning ultrathin (3.5 nm thick) NbN films deposited on sapphire by reactive magnetron sputtering into either a 5×10 μm2 microbridge or 25 1 μm wide, 5 μm long strips connected in parallel. Both structures were placed at the center of a 4 mm long coplanar waveguide covered with Ti/Au. The photoresponse was studied at temperatures ranging from 2.15 K to 10 K, with the samples biased in the resistive (switched) state and illuminated with 100 fs wide laser pulses at 395 nm wavelength. At T=2.15 K, we obtained an approximately 100 ps wide transient, which corresponds to a NbN detector response time of 45 ps. The photoresponse can be attributed to the nonequilibrium electron heating effect, where the incident radiation increases the temperature of the electron subsystem, while the phonons act as the heat sink. The high-speed response of NbN devices makes them an excellent choice for an optoelectronic interface for superconducting digital circuits, as well as mixers for the terahertz regime. The multiple-strip detector showed a linear dependence on input optical power and a responsivity =3.9 V/W. | ||||
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ISSN | 0964-1807 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1584 | |||
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Author | Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | An ultrafast NbN hot-electron single-photon detector for electronic applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 1689-1692 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, QE, jitter, dark counts | ||||
Abstract | We present the latest generation of our superconducting single-photon detector (SPD), which can work from ultraviolet to mid-infrared optical radiation wavelengths. The detector combines a high speed of operation and low jitter with high quantum efficiency (QE) and very low dark count level. The technology enhancement allows us to produce ultrathin (3.5 nm thick) structures that demonstrate QE hundreds of times better, at 1.55 μm, than previous 10 nm thick SPDs. The best, 10 × 10 μm2, SPDs demonstrate QE up to 5% at 1.55 μm and up to 11% at 0.86 μm. The intrinsic detector QE, normalized to the film absorption coefficient, reaches 100% at bias currents above 0.9 Ic for photons with wavelengths shorter than 1.3 μm. | ||||
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ISSN | 0953-2048 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1533 | |||
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Author | Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Il'in, K.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Hubers, H.; Siegel, M.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Effect of the wire width and magnetic field on the intrinsic detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 23 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 2200205-2200205 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present thorough measurements of the intrinsic detection efficiency in the wavelength range from 350 to 2500 nm for meander-type TaN and NbN superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with different widths of the nanowire. The width varied from 70 nm to 130 nm. The open-beam configuration allowed us to accurately normalize measured spectra and to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency. For detectors from both materials the intrinsic detection efficiency at short wavelengths amounts at 100% and gradually decreases at wavelengths larger than the specific cut-off wavelengths, which decreases with the width of the nanowire. Furthermore, we show that applying weak magnetic fields perpendicular to the meander plane decreases the smallest detectable photon flux. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1376 | |||
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Author | Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Ilin, K.; Siegel, M.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Vodolazov, D.; Hübers, H.-W. | ||||
Title | Effect of the wire width on the intrinsic detection efficiency of superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume | 116 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 043906 (1 to 9) |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, TaN | ||||
Abstract | A thorough spectral study of the intrinsic single-photon detection efficiency in superconducting TaN and NbN nanowires with different widths has been performed. The experiment shows that the cut-off of the intrinsic detection efficiency at near-infrared wavelengths is most likely controlled by the local suppression of the barrier for vortex nucleation around the absorption site. Beyond the cut-off quasi-particle diffusion in combination with spontaneous, thermally activated vortex crossing explains the detection process. For both materials, the reciprocal cut-off wavelength scales linearly with the wire width where the scaling factor agrees with the hot-spot detection model. | ||||
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ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1357 | |||
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Author | Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H.-W. | ||||
Title | Effect of magnetic field on the photon detection in thin superconducting meander structures | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. B |
Volume | 89 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 104513 (1 to 7) |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We have studied the influence of an externally applied magnetic field on the photon and dark count rates of meander-type niobium nitride superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Measurements have been performed at a temperature of 4.2 K, and magnetic fields up to 250 mT have been applied perpendicularly to the meander plane. While photon count rates are field independent at weak applied fields, they show a strong dependence at fields starting from approximately ±25 mT. This behavior, as well as the magnetic field dependence of the dark count rates, is in good agreement with the recent theoretical model of vortex-assisted photon detection and spontaneous vortex crossing in narrow superconducting lines. However, the local reduction of the superconducting free energy due to photon absorption, which is the fitting parameter in the model, increases much slower with the photon energy than the model predicts. Furthermore, changes in the free-energy during photon counts and dark counts depend differently on the current that flows through the meander. This indicates that photon counts and dark counts occur in different parts of the meander. | ||||
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ISSN | 1098-0121 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1367 | |||
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Author | Lusche, Robert; Semenov, Alexey; Huebers, Heinz-Willhelm; Ilin, Konstantin; Siegel, Michael; Korneeva, Yuliya; Trifonov, Andrey; Korneev, Alexander; Goltsman, Gregory | ||||
Title | Effect of the wire geometry and an externally applied magnetic field on the detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Abstract | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | INIS | Abbreviated Journal | INIS |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 1-3 |
Keywords | TaN, NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The interest in single-photon detectors in the near-infrared wavelength regime for applications, e.g. in quantum cryptography has immensely increased in the last years. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) already show quite reasonable detection efficiencies in the NIR which can even be further improved. Novel theoretical approaches including vortex-assisted photon counting state that the detection efficiency in the long wavelength region can be enhanced by the detector geometry and an applied magnetic field. We present spectral measurements in the wavelength range from 350-2500 nm of the detection efficiency of meander-type TaN and NbN SNSPD with varying nanowire line width from 80 to 250 nm. Due to the used experimental setup we can accurately normalize the measured spectra and are able to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) of our detectors. The results clearly indicate an improvement of the IDE depending on the wire width according to the theoretic models. Furthermore we experimentally found that the smallest detectable photon-flux can be increased by applying a small magnetic field to the detectors. | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 1374 | |||
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Author | Maingault, L.; Tarkhov, M.; Florya, I.; Semenov, A.; Espiau de Lamaëstre, R.; Cavalier, P.; Gol’tsman, G.; Poizat, J.-P.; Villégier, J.-C. | ||||
Title | Spectral dependency of superconducting single photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume | 107 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 116103 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We investigate the effect of varying both incoming optical wavelength and width of NbN nanowires on the superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD) detection efficiency. The SSPD are current biased close to critical value and temperature fixed at 4.2 K, far from transition. The experimental results are found to verify with a good accuracy predictions based on the “hot spot model,” whose size scales with the absorbed photon energy. With larger optical power inducing multiphoton detection regime, the same scaling law remains valid, up to the three-photon regime. We demonstrate the validity of applying a limited number of measurements and using such a simple model to reasonably predict any SSPD behavior among a collection of nanowire device widths at different photon wavelengths. These results set the basis for designing efficient single photon detectors operating in the infrared (2–5 μm range). This work was supported by European projects FP6 STREP “SINPHONIA” (Contract No. NMP4-CT-2005-16433) and IP “QAP” (Contract No. 15848). |
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ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1392 | |||
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Author | Manova, N. N.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Slysz, W.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Superconducting NbN single-photon detector integrated with quarter-wave resonator | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Tech. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Tech. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 37 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 469-471 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The spectral dependence of the quantum efficiency of superconducting NbN single-photon detectors integrated with quarter-wave resonators based on Si3N4, SiO2, and SiO layers has been studied. | ||||
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Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 664 | ||
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Author | Manova, N. N.; Simonov, N. O.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Korneev, A. A. | ||||
Title | Developing of NbN films for superconducting microstrip single-photon detector | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 1695 | Issue | Pages | 012116 (1 to 5) | |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, NbN films | ||||
Abstract | We optimized NbN films on a Si substrate with a buffer SiO2 layer to produce superconducting microstrip single-photon detectors with saturated dependence of quantum efficiency (QE) versus normalized bias current. We varied thickness of films and observed the maximum QE saturation for device based on the thinner film with the lowest ratio RS300/RS20. | ||||
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ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1786 | |||
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Author | Manova, N. N.; Smirnov, E. O.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Superconducting photon counter for nanophotonics applications | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 1410 | Issue | Pages | 012147 (1 to 5) | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We develop large area superconducting single-photon detector SSPD with a micron-wide strip suitable for free-space coupling or packaging with multi-mode optical fibres. The detector sensitive area is 20 μm in diameter. In near infrared (1330 nm wavelength) our SSPD exhibits above 30% detection efficiency with low dark counts and 45 ps timing jitter. | ||||
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ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1271 | |||
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Author | Marsili, Francesco; Bitauld, David; Fiore, Andrea; Gaggero, Alessandro; Mattioli, Francesco; Leoni, Roberto; Divochiy, Aleksander; Gol'tsman, Gregory | ||||
Title | Photon-number-resolution at telecom wavelength with superconducting nanowires | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | IntechOpen | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
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Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ marsiliphoton | Serial | 1036 | ||
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Author | McCarthy, Aongus; Krichel, Nils J.; Gemmell, Nathan R.; Ren, Ximing; Tanner, Michael G.; Dorenbos, Sander N.; Zwiller, Val; Hadfield, Robert H.; Buller, Gerald S. | ||||
Title | Kilometer-range, high resolution depth imaging via 1560 nm wavelength single-photon detection | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 8904-8915 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, lidar, SSPD applications, SNSPD applications | ||||
Abstract | This paper highlights a significant advance in time-of-flight depth imaging: by using a scanning transceiver which incorporated a free-running, low noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, we were able to obtain centimeter resolution depth images of low-signature objects in daylight at stand-off distances of the order of one kilometer at the relatively eye-safe wavelength of 1560 nm. The detector used had an efficiency of 18% at 1 kHz dark count rate, and the overall system jitter was ~100 ps. The depth images were acquired by illuminating the scene with an optical output power level of less than 250 µW average, and using per-pixel dwell times in the millisecond regime. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1053 | |||
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Author | Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Slepneva, S.; Seleznev, V.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Slysz, W.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Superconducting nanostructured detectors capable of single photon counting of mid-infrared optical radiation | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 5957 | Issue | Pages | 59570A (1 to 9) | |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, single-photon detectors, superconductors, superconducting | ||||
Abstract | We report on our progress in research and development of ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on ultrathin NbN nanostructures. Our SSPDs were made of the 4-nm-thick NbN films with Tc 11 K, patterned as meander-shaped, 100-nm-wide strips, and covering an area of 10×10 μm2. The detectors exploit a combined detection mechanism, where upon a single-photon absorption, a hotspot of excited electrons and redistribution of the biasing supercurrent, jointly produce a picosecond voltage transient signal across the superconducting nanostripe. The SSPDs are typically operated at 4.2 K, but their sensitivity in the infrared radiation range can be significantly improved by lowering the operating temperature from 4.2 K to 2 K. When operated at 2 K, the SSPD quantum efficiency (QE) for visible light photons reaches 30-40%, which is the saturation value limited by the optical absorption of our 4-nm-thick NbN film. With the wavelength increase of the incident photons,the QE of SSPDs decreases significantly, but even at the wavelength of 6 μm, the detector is able to count single photons and exhibits QE of about 10-2 %. The dark (false) count rate at 2 K is as low as 2x10-4 s,-1 which makes our detector essentially a background-limited sensor. The very low dark-count rate results in a noise equivalent power (NEP) below 10-18 WHz-1/2 for the mid-infrared range (6 μm). Further improvement of the SSPD performance in the mid-infrared range can be obtained by substituting NbN for another, lower-Tc materials with a narrow superconducting gap and low quasiparticles diffusivity. The use of such superconductors should shift the cutoff wavelength below 10 μm. | ||||
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Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Rogalski, A.; Dereniak, E.L.; Sizov, F.F. | |
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | Infrared Photoelectronics | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1458 | |||
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Author | Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Rubtsova, I.; Seleznev, V.; Minaeva, O.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Guziewicz, M.; Bar, J.; Gorska, M.; Pearlman, A.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Superconducting single-photon detectors designed for operation at 1.55-µm telecommunication wavelength | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 43 | Issue | Pages | 1334-1337 | |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We report on our progress in development of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), specifically designed for secure high-speed quantum communications. The SSPDs consist of NbN-based meander nanostructures and operate at liquid helium temperatures. In general, our devices are capable of GHz-rate photon counting in a spectral range from visible light to mid-infrared. The device jitter is 18 ps and dark counts can reach negligibly small levels. The quantum efficiency (QE) of our best SSPDs for visible-light photons approaches a saturation level of ~30-40%, which is limited by the NbN film absorption. For the infrared range (1.55µm), QE is ~6% at 4.2 K, but it can be significantly improved by reduction of the operation temperature to the 2-K level, when QE reaches ~20% for 1.55-µm photons. In order to further enhance the SSPD efficiency at the wavelength of 1.55 µm, we have integrated our detectors with optical cavities, aiming to increase the effective interaction of the photon with the superconducting meander and, therefore, increase the QE. A successful effort was made to fabricate an advanced SSPD structure with an optical microcavity optimized for absorption of 1.55 µm photons. The design consisted of a quarter-wave dielectric layer, combined with a metallic mirror. Early tests performed on relatively low-QE devices integrated with microcavities, showed that the QE value at the resonator maximum (1.55-µm wavelength) was of the factor 3-to-4 higher than that for a nonresonant SSPD. Independently, we have successfully coupled our SSPDs to single-mode optical fibers. The completed receivers, inserted into a liquid-helium transport dewar, reached ~1% system QE for 1.55 µm photons. The SSPD receivers that are fiber-coupled and, simultaneously, integrated with resonators are expected to be the ultimate photon counters for optical quantum communications. | ||||
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ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1450 | |||
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Author | Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Superconducting single photon nanowire detectors development for IR and THz applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | J. Low Temp. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Low Temp. Phys. |
Volume | 151 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 591-596 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present our progress in the development of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on meander-shaped nanowires made from few-nm-thick superconducting films. The SSPDs are operated at a temperature of 2–4.2 K (well below T c ) being biased with a current very close to the nanowire critical current at the operation temperature. To date, the material of choice for SSPDs is niobium nitride (NbN). Developed NbN SSPDs are capable of single photon counting in the range from VIS to mid-IR (up to 6 μm) with a record low dark counts rate and record-high counting rate. The use of a material with a low transition temperature should shift the detectors sensitivity towards longer wavelengths. We present state-of-the art NbN SSPDs as well as the results of our recent approach to expand the developed SSPD technology by the use of superconducting materials with lower T c , such as molybdenum rhenium (MoRe). MoRe SSPDs first were made and tested; a single photon response was obtained. | ||||
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ISSN | 0022-2291 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1244 | |||
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Author | Minaeva, O.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Sergienko, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | High speed infrared photon counting with photon number resolving superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | CLEO/Europe – EQEC | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/Europe – EQEC |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | A review of development and characterization of the nanostructures consisting of several meander sections, all connected in parallel was presented. Such geometry leads to a significant decrease of the kinetic inductance, without a decrease of the SSPD active area. A new type of SSPDs possess the QE of large-active- area devices, but, simultaneously, allows achieving short response times and the GHz-counting rate. This new generation of superconducting detectors has another significant advantage for quantum key distribution, they have a photon number resolving capability and can distinguish more photons. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1399 | |||
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Author | Minaeva, O.; Fraine, A.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Goltsman, G.; Sergienko, A. | ||||
Title | High resolution optical time-domain reflectometry using superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Frontiers in Opt. 2012/Laser Sci. XXVIII | Abbreviated Journal | Frontiers in Opt. 2012/Laser Sci. XXVIII |
Volume | Issue | Pages | Fw3a.39 | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, Photodetectors; Fiber characterization; Light beams; Optical time domain reflectometry; Photon counting; Single mode fibers; Single photon detectors; Superconductors | ||||
Abstract | We discuss the advantages and limitations of single-photon optical time-domain reflectometry with superconducting single-photon detectors. The higher two-point resolution can be achieved due to superior timing performance of SSPDs in comparison with InGaAs APDs. | ||||
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Publisher | Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Call Number | Serial | 1237 | |||
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Author | Mohan, N.; Minaeva, O.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Nasr, M. B.; Saleh, B. E.; Sergienko, A. V.; Teich, M. C. | ||||
Title | Photon-counting optical coherence-domain reflectometry using superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
Volume | 16 | Issue | 22 | Pages | 18118-18130 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We consider the use of single-photon counting detectors in coherence-domain imaging. Detectors operated in this mode exhibit reduced noise, which leads to increased sensitivity for weak light sources and weakly reflecting samples. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate the possibility of using superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for optical coherence-domain reflectometry (OCDR). These detectors are sensitive over the full spectral range that is useful for carrying out such imaging in biological samples. With counting rates as high as 100 MHz, SSPDs also offer a high rate of data acquisition if the light flux is sufficient. | ||||
Address | Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. nm82@bu.edu | ||||
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ISSN | 1094-4087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:18958090 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1407 | |||
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Author | Mohan, Nishant; Minaeva, Olga; Goltsman, Gregory N.; Saleh, Mohammed F.; Nasr, Magued B.; Sergienko, Alexander V.; Saleh, Bahaa E.; Teich, Malvin C. | ||||
Title | Ultrabroadband coherence-domain imaging using parametric downconversion and superconducting single-photon detectors at 1064 nm | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Appl. Opt. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Opt. |
Volume | 48 | Issue | 20 | Pages | 4009–4017 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, SPAD | ||||
Abstract | Coherence-domain imaging systems can be operated in a single-photon-counting mode, offering low detector noise; this in turn leads to increased sensitivity for weak light sources and weakly reflecting samples. We have demonstrated that excellent axial resolution can be obtained in a photon-counting coherence-domain imaging (CDI) system that uses light generated via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in a chirped periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate (chirped-PPSLT) structure, in conjunction with a niobium nitride superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). The bandwidth of the light generated via SPDC, as well as the bandwidth over which the SSPD is sensitive, can extend over a wavelength region that stretches from 700 to 1500 nm. This ultrabroad wavelength band offers a near-ideal combination of deep penetration and ultrahigh axial resolution for the imaging of biological tissue. The generation of SPDC light of adjustable bandwidth in the vicinity of 1064 nm, via the use of chirped-PPSLT structures, had not been previously achieved. To demonstrate the usefulness of this technique, we construct images for a hierarchy of samples of increasing complexity: a mirror, a nitrocellulose membrane, and a biological sample comprising onion-skin cells. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 652 | ||
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Author | Morozov, P.; Lukina, M.; Shirmanova, M.; Divochiy, A.; Dudenkova, V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Becker, W.; Shcheslavskiy, V. I. | ||||
Title | Singlet oxygen phosphorescence imaging by superconducting single-photon detector and time-correlated single-photon counting | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Opt. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Lett. |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1217-1220 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, applications | ||||
Abstract | This Letter presents, to the best of our knowledge, a novel optical configuration for direct time-resolved measurements of luminescence from singlet oxygen, both in solutions and from cultured cells on photodynamic therapy. The system is based on the superconducting single-photon detector, coupled to the confocal scanner that is modified for the near-infrared measurements. The recording of a phosphorescence signal from singlet oxygen at 1270 nm has been done using time-correlated single-photon counting. The performance of the system is verified by measuring phosphorescence from singlet oxygen generated by the photosensitizers commonly used in photodynamic therapy: methylene blue and chlorin e6. The described system can be easily upgraded to the configuration when both phosphorescence from singlet oxygen and fluorescence from the cells can be detected in the imaging mode. Thus, co-localization of the signal from singlet oxygen with the areas inside the cells can be done. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0146-9592 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:33720151 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1221 | |||
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