| Records |
Author  |
Pentin, Ivan; Finkel, Matvey; Maslennikov, Sergey; Vakhtomin, Yuri; Smirnov, Konstantin; Kaurova, Nataliya; Goltsman, Gregory |
| Title |
Superconducting hot-electron-bolometer mixers for the mid-IR |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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Issue |
10 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
IR NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
The work presents the result of development of the NbN superconducting hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixer. The sensitive element of the mixer is directly coupled to mid-IR radiation, and doesn’t have planar metallic antenna. Investigations of noise characteristics of NbN HEB mixer were performed at the frequency 28.4 THz (λ = 10.6 µm) by using gas-discharge CW CO2-laser without consideration of optical and electrical losses in the heterodyne receiver. The noise temperature of NbN HEB mixer with the size of the sensitive element 10 µm × 10 µm was 2320 K (~ 1.5hν/kB) at the heterodyne frequency of 28.4 THz. The noise temperature was determined by measuring the Y-factor taking into account the term which describes fluctuations of zero-point oscillations in accordance with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of Calle-Welton. Isothermal method was used to estimate the absorbed heterodyne radiation power which was 9 µW at the optimal operating point for the minimum noise temperature of NbN HEB mixer. |
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Russian |
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1684-1719 |
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http://jre.cplire.ru/jre/oct17/9/abstract.html (Russian) Гетеродинный приемник со сверхпроводниковым смесителем на эффекте электронного разогрева для среднего инфракрасного диапазона |
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Serial |
1747 |
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| Author |
Pentin, I.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Seleznev, V.; Smirnov, K. |
| Title |
Hot electron energy relaxation time in vanadium nitride superconducting film structures under THz and IR radiation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Sci. Rep. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Rep. |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
16819 |
| Keywords |
VN HEB |
| Abstract |
The paper presents the experimental results of studying the dynamics of electron energy relaxation in structures made of thin (d approximately 6 nm) disordered superconducting vanadium nitride (VN) films converted to a resistive state by high-frequency radiation and transport current. Under conditions of quasi-equilibrium superconductivity and temperature range close to critical (~ Tc), a direct measurement of the energy relaxation time of electrons by the beats method arising from two monochromatic sources with close frequencies radiation in sub-THz region (omega approximately 0.140 THz) and sources in the IR region (omega approximately 193 THz) was conducted. The measured time of energy relaxation of electrons in the studied VN structures upon heating of THz and IR radiation completely coincided and amounted to (2.6-2.7) ns. The studied response of VN structures to IR (omega approximately 193 THz) picosecond laser pulses also allowed us to estimate the energy relaxation time in VN structures, which was ~ 2.8 ns and is in good agreement with the result obtained by the mixing method. Also, we present the experimentally measured volt-watt responsivity (S~) within the frequency range omega approximately (0.3-6) THz VN HEB detector. The estimated values of noise equivalent power (NEP) for VN HEB and its minimum energy level (deltaE) reached NEP@1MHz approximately 6.3 x 10(-14) W/ radicalHz and deltaE approximately 8.1 x 10(-18) J, respectively. |
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National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Str., Moscow, 101000, Russia |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:33033360; PMCID:PMC7546726 |
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1797 |
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| Author |
Pentin, I. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Vaks, V. L.; Pripolzin, S. I.; Pavel’ev, D. G.; Koshurinov, Y. I.; Ivanov, A. S. |
| Title |
Semiconducting superlattice as a solid-state terahertz local oscillator for NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Tech. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tech. Phys. |
| Volume |
57 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
971-974 |
| Keywords |
semiconducting superlattice frequency multiplier, NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We present the results of our studies of the semiconducting superlattice (SSL) frequency multiplier and its application as part of the solid state local oscillator (LO) in the terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer. We show that the SSL output power level increases as the ambient temperature is lowered to 4.2 K, the standard HEB operation temperature. |
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1063-7842 |
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1378 |
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| Author |
Pentin, I. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Vaks, V. L.; Pripolzin, S. I.; Paveliev, D. G. |
| Title |
Heterodyne source of THz range based on semiconductor superlattice multiplier |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
IRMMW-THz |
Abbreviated Journal |
IRMMW-THz |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-2 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixer, superlattice |
| Abstract |
We present the results of our studies of the possibility of developing a heterodyne receiver incorporating a hot-electron bolometer mixer as the detector and a semiconductor superlattice multiplier driven by a reference synthesizer as the local oscillator. We observe that such a local oscillator offers enough power in the terahertz range to pump the HEB into the operating state. |
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6105209 |
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1384 |
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| Author |
Pekker, David; Shah, Nayana; Sahu, Mitrabhanu; Bezryadin, Alexey; Goldbart, Paul M. |
| Title |
Stochastic dynamics of phase-slip trains and superconductive-resistive switching in current-biased nanowires |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
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80 |
Issue |
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Pages |
214525 (1 to 17) |
| Keywords |
superconducting nanowire, phase-slip, order parameter, HEB distributed model, HEB model |
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Superconducting nanowires fabricated via carbon-nanotube templating can be used to realize and study quasi-one-dimensional superconductors. However, measurement of the linear resistance of these nanowires have been inconclusive in determining the low-temperature behavior of phase-slip fluctuations, both quantal and thermal. Thus, we are motivated to study the nonlinear current-voltage characteristics in current-biased nanowires and the stochastic dynamics of superconductive-resistive switching, as a way of probing phase-slip events. In particular, we address the question: can a single phase-slip event occurring somewhere along the wire—during which the order-parameter fluctuates to zero—induce switching, via the local heating it causes? We explore this and related issues by constructing a stochastic model for the time evolution of the temperature in a nanowire whose ends are maintained at a fixed temperature. We derive the corresponding master equation as a tool for evaluating and analyzing the mean switching time at a given value of current (smaller than the depairing critical current). The model indicates that although, in general, several phase-slip events are necessary to induce switching via a thermal runaway, there is indeed a regime of temperatures and currents in which a single event is sufficient. We carry out a detailed comparison of the results of the model with experimental measurements of the distribution of switching currents, and provide an explanation for the rather counterintuitive broadening of the distribution width that is observed upon lowering the temperature. Moreover, we identify a regime in which the experiments are probing individual phase-slip events, and thus offer a way of unearthing and exploring the physics of nanoscale quantum tunneling of the one-dimensional collective quantum field associated with the superconducting order parameter. |
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Recommended by Klapwijk |
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923 |
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Palma, F.; Teppe, F.; Fatimy, A. E.; Green, R.; Xu, J.; Vachontin, Y.; Tredicucci, A.; Goltsman, G.; Knap, W. |
| Title |
THz communication system based on a THz quantum cascade laser and a hot electron bolometer |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
35th Int. Conf. Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves |
Abbreviated Journal |
35th Int. Conf. Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves |
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11623798 (1 to 2) |
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QCL, HEB detector |
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We present the experimental study of the direct emission – detection system based on the THz Quantum Cascade Laser as a source and Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) detector – in view of its application as an optical communication system. We show that the system can efficiently transmit the QCL Terahertz pulses. We estimate the maximal modulation speed of the system to be about several GHz and show that it is limited only by the QCL pulse power supply, detector amplifier and connection line/wires parameters. |
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1391 |
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Ozhegov, R. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Ultrafast superconducting bolometer receivers for terahertz applications |
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Abstract |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Proc. PIERS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. PIERS |
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Issue |
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Pages |
867 |
| Keywords |
HEB |
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The research by the group of Moscow State Pedagogical University into the hot-electron phenomena in thin superconducting films has led to the development of new types of detectors and their use both in fundamental and applied studies. In this paper, we present the results of testing the terahertz HEB receiver systems based on ultrathin (∼ 4 nm) NbN and MoRe detectors with a response time of 50 ps and 1 ns, respectively. We have developed three types of devices which differ in the way a terahertz signal is coupled to the detector and cover the following ranges: 0.3–3 THz, 0.1–30 THz and 25–70 THz. In the case of the receiving system optimized for 0.3–3 THz, the sensitive element (a strip of asuperconductor with planar dimensions of 0.2μm (length) by 1.7μm (width)) was integrated witha planar broadband log-spiral antenna. For additional focusing ofthe incident radiation a silicon hyperhemispherical lens was used. For the 0.1–30 THz receivingsystem, the sensitive element was patterned as parallel strips(2μm wide each) filling an area of 500×500μm2with a filling factor of 0.5. In the receivingsystem of this type we used direct coupling of the incident radiation to the sensitive element. Inthe 25–70 THz range (detector type 2/2a in Table 1) we used a square-shaped superconductingdetector with planar dimensions of 10×10μm2. Incident radiation was coupled to the detectorwith the use of a germanium hyperhemispherical lens.The response time of the above receiving systems is determined by the cooling rate of the hotelectrons in the film. That depends on the electron-phonon interaction time, which is less forultrathin NbN than in MoRe. |
| Address |
Moscow, Russia |
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The Electromagnetics Academy |
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777 Concord Avenue, Suite 207 Cambridge, MA 02138 |
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1559-9450 |
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978-1-934142-09-7 |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ ozhegovultrafast |
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1022 |
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Ozhegov, R. V.; Gorshkov, K. N.; Okunev, O. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer as element of thermal imager matrix |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Tech. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tech. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
36 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1006-1008 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixers |
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The possibility of using a matrix of sensitive elements on a 12-mm-diameter hyperhemispherical lens in a thermal imager operating in the terahertz range has been studied. Dimensions of a lens region acceptable for arrangement of the matrix, in which the receiver noise temperature varies within 16% of the mean value, are determined to be 3.3% of the lens diameter. Deviations of the main lobe of the directivity pattern are evaluated, which amount to ±1.25° relative to the direction toward the optimum position of a mixer. The fluctuation sensitivity of the receiver measured in experiment is 0.5 K at a frequency of 300 GHz. |
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1063-7850 |
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1390 |
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Okunev, 0.; Dzardranov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Performances of hot—electron superconducting mixer for frequencies less than the gap energy: NbN mixer for 100 GHz operation |
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Conference Article |
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1995 |
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Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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247-253 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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The possibilities to improve the parameters of the 100 GHz NbN HEB superconducting waveguide mixers have been studied. The device consists of a signal strip 1 gm wide by 2 Am long made of 40 A thick NbN film. The best operation point was found at 5 K, where the mixer bandwidth made up 1.5-2 GHz and the total loss diminished down to 8 dB. The critical current density has been increased up to " 40 6 A/cm 2 , the noise temperature of the receiver (DSB) has reduced down to 450 K and the local oscillator power has decreased down to -.4).1 mcV. |
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1625 |
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Nebosis, R. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gousev, Yu. P.; Renk, K. F. |
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Rigorous analysis of a superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer: theory and comparision with experiment |
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Conference Article |
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1996 |
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Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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601-613 |
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HEB mixer, model, conversion gain, noise temperature, impedance, 2.5 THz |
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Charlottesville, Virginia, USA |
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