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Author (down) de Lara, D. Perez; Ejrnaes, M.; Casaburi, A.; Lisitskiy, M.; Cristiano, R.; Pagano, S.; Gaggero, A.; Leoni, R.; Golt’sman, G.; Voronov, B. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Feasibility investigation of NbN nanowires as detector in time-of-flight mass spectrometers for macromolecules of interest in biology (proteins) Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication J. Low Temp. Phys. Abbreviated Journal J. Low Temp. Phys.  
  Volume 151 Issue 3-4 Pages 771-776  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD, nanowires  
  Abstract We are investigating the possibility of using NbN nanowires as detectors in time-of-flight mass spectrometers for investigation of macromolecules of interest in biology (proteins). NbN nanowires could overcome the two major drawbacks encountered so far by cryogenic detectors, namely the low working temperature in the mK region and the slow temporal response. In fact, NbN nanowires can work at 5 K and the response time is at least a factor 10–100 better than that of other cryogenic detectors. We present a feasibility study based on a numerical code to calculate the response of a NbN nanowire. The parameter space is investigated at different energies from IR to macromolecules (i.e. from eV to keV) in order to understand if larger value of film thickness and width can be used for the keV energy region. We also present preliminary experimental results of irradiation with X-ray photons of NbN to simulate the effect of macromolecules of the same energy.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-2291 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1410  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Delacour, C.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J.-Ph.; Pannetier, B.; Bouchiat, V.; de Lamaestre, R. Espiau; Villegier, J.-C.; Tarkhov, M.; Korneev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation with an atomic force microscope Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 90 Issue 19 Pages 191116 (1 t0 3)  
  Keywords SSPD  
  Abstract The authors present a fabrication technique of superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation of niobium nitride ultrathin films. Narrow superconducting meander lines are obtained by direct writing of insulating niobium oxynitride lines through the films using voltage-biased tip of an atomic force microscope. Due to the 30nm resolution of the lithographic technique, the filling factor of the meander line can be made substantially higher than detector of similar geometry made by electron beam lithography, thus leading to increased quantum efficiency. Single photon detection regime of these devices is demonstrated at 4.2K.

The authors thank J.-P. Maneval for stimulating discussions. This work has been partly supported by ACI Nanoscience from French Ministry of Research, D.G.A., by Grant No. 02.445.11.7434 of Russian Ministry of Education and Science, and by the European Commission under project “SINPHONIA,” Contract No. NMP4-CT-2005-16433.		  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 423  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Dauler, E. A.; Robinson, B. S.; Kerman, A. J.; Yang, J. K. W.; Rosfjord, E. K. M.; Anant, V.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Berggren, K. K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Multi-element superconducting nanowire single-photon detector Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.  
  Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 279-284  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract A multi-element superconducting nanowire single photon detector (MESNSPD) is presented that consists of multiple independently-biased superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) elements that form a continuous active area. A two-element SNSPD has been fabricated and tested, showing no measurable crosstalk between the elements, sub-50-ps relative timing jitter, and four times the maximum counting rate of a single SNSPD with the same active area. The MESNSPD can have a larger active area and higher speed than a single-element SNSPD and the input optics can be designed so that the detector provides spatial, spectral or photon number resolution.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1051-8223 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1428  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Dauler, E. A.; Kerman, A. J.; Robinson, B. S.; Yang, J. K. W.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Berggren, K. K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Achieving high counting rates in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors Type Conference Article
  Year 2006 Publication CLEO/QELS Abbreviated Journal CLEO/QELS  
  Volume Issue Pages JTuD3 (1 to 2)  
  Keywords SSPD; SNSPD; Detectors; Photodetectors; Quantum optics; Quantum detectors; Photon counting; Photons; Pulse shaping; Quantum communications; Single photon detectors; Superconductors  
  Abstract Kinetic inductance is determined to be the primary limitation to the counting rate of superconducting nanowire single-photon counters. Approaches for overcoming this limitation will be discussed.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Optical Society of America Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1451  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Tarkhov, M.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Voronov, B.; Divochiy, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Pan, D.; Sobolewski, R. url  openurl
  Title Superconducting single-photon nanostructured detectors for advanced optical applications Type Conference Article
  Year 2006 Publication Proc. Symposium on Photonics Technologies for 7th Framework Program Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 400 Issue Pages  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We present superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on NbN thin-film nanostructures and operated at liquid helium temperatures. The SSPDs are made of ultrathin NbN films (2.5-4 nm thick, Tc= 9-11K) as meander-shaped nanowires covering the area of 10× 10 µm2. Our detectors are operated at the temperature well below the critical temperature Tc and are DC biased by a current Ib close to the meander critical current Ic. The operation principle of the detector is based on the use of the resistive region in a narrow ultra-thin superconducting stripe upon the absorption of an incident photon. The developed devices demonstrate high sensitivity and response speed in a broadband range from UV to mid-IR (up to 6 µm), making them very attractive for advanced optical technologies, which require efficient detectors of single quanta and low-density optical radiation.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ chulkova2006superconducting Serial 1021  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Slysz, W. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Superconducting nanostructures for counting of single photons in the infrared range Type Conference Article
  Year 2005 Publication Proc. 2-nd CAOL Abbreviated Journal Proc. 2-nd CAOL  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages 100-103  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We present our studies on ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on ultrathin NbN nanostructures. Our SSPDs are patterned by electron beam lithography from 4-nm thick NbN film into meander-shaped strips covering square area of 10/spl times/10 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. The advances in the fabrication technology allowed us to produce highly uniform 100-120-nm-wide strips with meander filling factor close to 0.6. The detectors exploit a combined detection mechanism, where upon a single-photon absorption, an avalanche of excited hot electrons and the biasing supercurrent, jointly produce a picosecond voltage transient response across the superconducting nanostrip. The SSPDs are typically operated at 4.2 K, but they have shown that their sensitivity in the infrared radiation range can be significantly improved by lowering the operating temperature from 4.2 K to 2 K. When operated at 2 K, the SSPD quantum efficiency (QE) for visible light photons reaches 30-40%, which is the saturation value limited by optical absorption of our 4-nm-thick NbN film. For 1.55 /spl mu/m photons, QE was /spl sim/20% and decreases exponentially with the increase of the optical wavelength, but even at the wavelength of 6 /spl mu/m the detector remains sensitive to single photons and exhibits QE of about 10/sup -2/%. The dark (false) count rate at 2 K is as low as 2 /spl times/ 10/sup -4/ s/sup -1/, what makes our detector essentially a background-limited sensor. The very low dark-count rate results in the noise equivalent power (NEP) as low as 10/sup -18/ WHz/sup -1/2/ for the mid-infrared range (6 /spl mu/m). Further improvement of the SSPD performance in the mid-infrared range can be obtained by substituting NbN for the other, lower-T/sub c/ superconductors with the narrow superconducting gap and low quasiparticle diffusivity. The use of such materials will shift the cutoff wavelength towards the values even longer than 6 /spl mu/m.  
  Address  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Second International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1461  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Yagoubov, P.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. url  openurl
  Title IF bandwidth of phonon cooled HEB mixers made from NbN films on MgO substrates Type Conference Article
  Year 2000 Publication Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 219-227  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, cinversion gain bandwidth, IF bandwidth  
  Abstract An investigation of gain and noise bandwidth of phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixers is presented. The radiation coupling to the mixers is quasioptical through either a spiral or twin-slot antenna. A maximum gain bandwidth of 4.8 GHz is obtained for mixers based on a 3.5 nm thin NbN film with Tc= 10 K. The noise bandwidth is 5.6 GHz, at the moment limited by parasitic elements in the, device mount fixture. At 0.65 THz the DSB receiver noise temperature is 700-800 К in the IF band 1-2 GHz, and 1150-2700 К in the band 3.5-7 GHz.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1557  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Kollberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Richter, H.; Huebers, H.-W. url  doi
openurl 
  Title 1.6 THz heterodyne receiver for the far infrared space telescope Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Phys. C: Supercond. Abbreviated Journal Phys. C: Supercond.  
  Volume 372-376 Issue Pages 427-431  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, applications  
  Abstract A low noise heterodyne receiver is being developed for the terahertz range using a phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer based on 3.5 nm thick superconducting NbN film. In the 1–2 GHz intermediate frequency band the double-sideband receiver noise temperature was 450 K at 0.6 THz, 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. In the 3–8 GHz IF band the lowest receiver noise temperature was 700 K at 0.6 THz, 1500 K at 1.6 THz and 3000 K at 2.5 THz while it increased by a factor of 3 towards 8 GHz.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0921-4534 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1527  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Cherednichenko, S.; Khosropanah, P.; Berg, T.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Drakinskiy, V.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. url  openurl
  Title Optimization of HEB mixer for the Herschel Space Observatory Type Abstract
  Year 2004 Publication Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 16  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, applications  
  Abstract A mixer development for the HIFI instrument of the Herschel Space Observatory has come to the final stage. In our paper and conference presentation we will describe the most important details of the Band 6 Low and High Mixer Unit design. Special attention will be given to the optimization of the hot- electron bolometer mixer chip, which is based on 3.5nm NbN superconducting film on silicon. As the HEB’s local oscillator power requirements depend on the bolometer size, we have compared mixer noise temperature for different bolometer width- to- length ratio. A trade- off between mixer performance and local oscillator power requirements results in the mixer units equipped with optimized mixer chips, providing the largest coverage of the Band6 RF band with the lowest possible receiver noise. A short account of the beam pattern measurements of Band6 mixers will be given as well.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1490  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Cherednichenko, S.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Merkel, H. F.; Kollberg, E. L.; Loudkov, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Richter, H.; Huebers, H.-W. url  doi
openurl 
  Title 1.4- to 1.7-THz NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer for the Herschel space observatory Type Conference Article
  Year 2003 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 4855 Issue Pages 361-370  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract NbN hot- electron bolometer mixers have reached the level of 10hv/k in terms of the input noise temperature with the noise bandwidth of 4-6 GHz from subMM band up to 2.5 THz. In this paper we discuss the major characteristics of this kind of receiver, i.e. the gain and the noise bandwidth, the noise temperature in a wide RF band, bias regimes and optimisation of RF coupling to the quasioptical mixer. We present the status of the development of the mixer for Band 6 Low for Herschel Telescope.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Phillips, T.G.; Zmuidzinas, J.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1521  
Permanent link to this record
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