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Kerman, Andrew J.; Yang, Joel K. W.; Molnar, Richard J.; Dauler, Eric A.; Berggren, Karl K. |
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Title |
Electrothermal feedback in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
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2009 |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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79 |
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10 |
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4 |
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SNSPD |
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We investigate the role of electrothermal feedback in the operation of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs). It is found that the desired mode of operation for SNSPDs is only achieved if this feedback is unstable, which happens naturally through the slow electrical response associated with their relatively large kinetic inductance. If this response is sped up in an effort to increase the device count rate, the electrothermal feedback becomes stable and results in an effect known as latching, where the device is locked in a resistive state and can no longer detect photons. We present a set of experiments which elucidate this effect and a simple model which quantitatively explains the results. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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680 |
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Karpowicz, Nicholas; Lu, Xiaofei; Zhang, X.-C. |
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Terahertz gas photonics |
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2009 |
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J. Modern Opt. |
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56 |
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10 |
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1137-1150 |
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The underlying physics of the generation and detection of terahertz (THz) waves in gases are described. The THz wave generation process takes place in two steps: asymmetric gas ionization by two-frequency laser fields, followed by interaction of the ionized electron wave packets with the surrounding medium, producing an intense ‘echo' with tunable spectral content. In order to clarify the physical picture at the moment of ionization, the laser–atom interaction is treated through solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, yielding an ab initio understanding of the release of the electron wave packets. The second step, where the electrons interact with the surrounding plasma is treated analytically. The resulting pressure dependence of the THz radiation is explored in detail. The THz wave detection process is shown to be the result of four-wave mixing, leading to analytical expressions of the signal obtained which allow for improved optimization of systems that exploit these effects. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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670 |
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Karpov, A.; Miller, D.; Stern, J. A.; Bumble, B.; LeDuc, H. G.; Zmuidzinas, J. |
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Title |
Broadband SIS mixer for 1 THz Band |
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Conference Article |
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2009 |
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Proc. 20th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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35-35 |
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SIS mixer, noise temperature |
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We report the development of a low noise and broadband SIS mixer aimed for 1 THz channel of the Caltech Airborne Submillimeter Interstellar Medium Investigations Receiver (CASIMIR), designed for the Stratospheric Observatory for Far Infrared Astronomy, (SOFIA). The mixer uses an array of 0.24 µm² Nb/Al-AlN/NbTiN SIS junctions with critical current density of 30-50 KA/cm². The junctions are shaped in order to optimize the suppression of the Josephson DC currents. We are using a double slot planar antenna to couple the mixer chip with the telescope beam. The RF matching microcircuit is made using Nb and gold films. The mixer IF circuit is designed to cover 4 – 8 GHz band. A test receiver with the new mixer has a low noise operation in a 0.87 – 1.12 THz band. The minimum DSB receiver noise measured at 1 THz is 260 K (Y=1.64), apparently the lowest reported up to date. The receiver noise corrected for the loss in the LO injection beam splitter and in the cryostat window is 200 K. The combination of a broad operation band of about 250 GHz with a low receiver noise is making the new mixer a useful element for application at SOFIA. We will discuss the prospective of a further improvement of the sensitivity and extension of the upper frequency of operation of SIS mixer. |
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614 |
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Jackson, B. D.; Hesper, R.; Adema, J.; Barkhof, J.; Baryshev, A. M.; Zijlstra, T.; Zhu, S.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Series production of state-of-the-art 602-720 GHz SIS receivers for band 9 of ALMA |
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2009 |
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Proc. 20th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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7-11 |
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SIS mixer, noise temperature, ALMA, band 9 |
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The Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) requires the development and production of 73 state-of-the-art receivers for the 602-720 GHz range – the ALMA Band 9 cartridges. Development and pre-production of the first 8 cartridges was completed between 2003 and 2008, resulting in a cartridge design that meets the project's challenging requirements. The cartridge design remains essentially unchanged for production, while the production and test processes developed during pre-production have been fine-tuned to address the biggest new challenge for this phase – ramping up production to a rate of 2 cartridges per month over 2009-2012. |
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618 |
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Hu, Xiaolong; Zhong, Tian; White, James E.; Dauler, Eric A. Najafi, Faraz; Herder, Charles H.; Wong, Franco N. C.; Berggren, Karl K. |
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Title |
Fiber-coupled nanowire photon counter at 1550 nm with 24% system detection efficiency |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
Publication |
Optics Letters |
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Opt. Lett. |
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34 |
Issue |
23 |
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3607-3609 |
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SNSPD |
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We developed a fiber-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detector system in a close-cycled cryocooler and achieved 24% and 22% system detection efficiencies at wavelengths of 1550 and 1315 nm, respectively. The maximum dark count rate was ~1000 counts/s. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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679 |
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Hu, Xiaolong; Dauler, Eric A.; Kerman, Andrew J.; Yang, Joel K. W.; White, James E.; Herder, Charles H.; Berggren, Karl K. |
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Using surface plasmons to enhance the speed and efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
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2009 |
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Proceedings of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2009 and 2009 Conference on Quantum electronics and Laser Science Conference |
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Proc of Conf. on Lasers and El.-Opt. |
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1-2 |
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optical antennas |
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We report our design and fabrication of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors integrated with gold plasmonic nanostructures, which can enhance the absorption of TM-polarized light, and can enlarge the effective area without sacrificing detector speed. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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744 |
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Author |
Hadfield, Robert H. |
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Title |
Single-photon detectors for optical quantum information applications |
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2009 |
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Nature Photonics |
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Nature Photonics |
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3 |
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696-705 |
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SPD |
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The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in interest in new single-photon detector technologies. A major cause of this trend has undoubtedly been the push towards optical quantum information applications such as quantum key distribution. These new applications place extreme demands on detector performance that go beyond the capabilities of established single-photon detectors. There has been considerable effort to improve conventional photon-counting detectors and to transform new device concepts into workable technologies for optical quantum information applications. This Review aims to highlight the significant recent progress made in improving single-photon detector technologies, and the impact that these developments will have on quantum optics and quantum information science. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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678 |
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Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Tarkhov, M.; Kaurova, N.; Seleznev, V.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Antipov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G. |
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Title |
Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector |
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2009 |
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J. Modern Opt. |
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J. Modern Opt. |
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56 |
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15 |
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1670-1680 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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The state-of-the-art of the NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector technology (SSPD) is presented. The SSPDs exhibit excellent performance at 2 K temperature: 30% quantum efficiency from visible to infrared, negligible dark count rate, single-photon sensitivity up to 5.6 µm. The recent achievements in the development of GHz counting rate devices with photon-number resolving capability is presented. |
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0950-0340 |
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RPLAB @ akorneev @ |
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607 |
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Author |
Goltsman, G. N. |
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Ultrafast nanowire superconducting single-photon detector with photon number resolving capability |
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2009 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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7236 |
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72360D (1 to 11) |
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PNR NbN SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting single-photon detectors, photon number resolving detectors, ultrathin NbN films |
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In this paper we present a review of the state-of-the-art superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD), its characterization and applications. We also present here the next step in the development of SSPD, i.e. photon-number resolving SSPD which simultaneously features GHz counting rate. We have demonstrated resolution up to 4 photons with quantum efficiency of 2.5% and 300 ps response pulse duration providing very short dead time. |
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SPIE |
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Arakawa, Y.; Sasaki, M.; Sotobayashi, H. |
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1403 |
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Goltsman, G. |
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Superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer, direct detector and single-photon counter: from devices to systems |
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2009 |
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2-nd Int. Conf. EUROFLUX |
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2-nd Int. Conf. EUROFLUX |
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HEB, SSPD, SNSPD |
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Avignon, France |
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Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System |
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