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Smirnov, K. V.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Energy relaxation of two-dimensional electrons in the quantum Hall effect regime |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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JETP Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
JETP Lett. |
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Volume |
71 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
31-34 |
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Keywords |
2DEG, GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures |
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Abstract |
The mm-wave spectroscopy with high temporal resolution is used to measure the energy relaxation times τe of 2D electrons in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures in magnetic fields B=0–4 T under quasi-equilibrium conditions at T=4.2 K. With increasing B, a considerable increase in τe from 0.9 to 25 ns is observed. For high B and low values of the filling factor ν, the energy relaxation rate τ −1e oscillates. The depth of these oscillations and the positions of maxima depend on the filling factor ν. For ν>5, the relaxation rate τ −1e is maximum when the Fermi level lies in the region of the localized states between the Landau levels. For lower values of ν, the relaxation rate is maximum at half-integer values of τ −1e when the Fermi level is coincident with the Landau level. The characteristic features of the dependence τ −1e (B) are explained by different contributions of the intralevel and interlevel electron-phonon transitions to the process of the energy relaxation of 2D electrons. |
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0021-3640 |
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http://jetpletters.ru/ps/899/article_13838.shtml (“Энергетическая релаксация двумерных электронов в области квантового эффекта Холла”) |
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1559 |
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Smirnov, K. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Pentin, I. V.; Slivinskaya, E. V.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Single-photon detectors for the visible and infrared parts of the spectrum based on NbN nanostructures |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Proc. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symp. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symp. |
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863-864 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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The research by the group of Moscow State Pedagogical University into the hot-electron phenomena in thin superconducting films has led to the development of new types ofdetectors [1, 2] and their use both in fundamental and applied studies [3–6]. In this paper, wepresent the results of the development and fabrication of receiving systems for the visible andinfrared parts of the spectrum optimised for use in telecommunication systems and quantumcryptography. |
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Moscow, Russia |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ smirnovsession |
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1050 |
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Sobolewski, R.; Verevkin, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Superconducting optical single-photon detectors |
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Conference Article |
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2004 |
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CLEO/QELS |
Abbreviated Journal |
CLEO/QELS |
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IThD1 |
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SSPD, QE, jitter, dark counts |
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We review the development of superconducting single-photon detectors. The devices are characterized by experimental quantum efficiency of ~8% for infrared photons, counting rate ~2 GHz, 18 ps jitter, and <0.01 per second dark counts. |
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Optical Society of America |
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Sobolewski:04 |
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1489 |
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Svechnikov, S. I.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Korotetskaya, Y. P.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Superconducting hot electron bolometer mixer for middle IR range |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proc. 16th Int. Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 16th Int. Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology |
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2 |
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Pages |
686-687 |
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IR NbN HEB mixer, detector, GaAs substrate |
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The developed directly lens coupled hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer was based on 5 nm superconducting NbN deposited on GaAs substrate. The layout of the structure, including 30x20 mcm^2 active area coupled with a 50 Ohm coplanar line, was patterned by photolithography. The responsivity of the mixer was measured in a direct detection mode in the 25-64 THz frequency range. The noise performance of the mixer and the directivity of the receiver were investigated in a heterodyne mode. A 10.6 mum wavelength CW CO2 laser was utilized as a local oscillator. |
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4023440 |
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1297 |
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Tikhonov, V. V.; Polyakova, O. N.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Dzardanov, A. L.; Boyarskiy, D. A. |
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Title |
Determination of dielectric properties of ore minerals in the microwave band |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
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Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
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51 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
966-974 |
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Keywords |
ore complex permittivity, chalcopyrite, magnetite, sphalerite, labradorite |
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Abstract |
We consider a method for determining the complex dielectric permittivity of ore and nonmetal minerals in the microwave band of electromagnetic radiation. The results of measuring the reflectivity and transmittivity of chalcopyrite, magnetite, sphalerite, and labradorite samples in the frequency range 77–300 GHz are presented. A method for calculation of the complex dielectric permittivity of minerals on the basis of the obtained experimental data is proposed. The approximation formulas for calculation of the complex dielectric permittivity of the studied minerals are given. |
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0033-8443 |
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1404 |
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Tret’yakov, I. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Kaurova, N. S.; Larionov, P. A.; Lobastova, A. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Finkel, M. I.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Optimum absorbed heterodyne power for superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Tech. Phys. Lett. |
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Tech. Phys. Lett. |
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36 |
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12 |
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1103-1105 |
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NbN HEB mixer |
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Absorbed heterodyne power has been measured in a low-noise broadband hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer for the terahertz range, operating on the effect of electron heating in the resistive state of an ultrathin superconducting NbN film. It is established that the optimum absorbed heterodyne power for the HEB mixer operating at 2.5 THz is about 100 nW. |
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1063-7850 |
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1389 |
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Trifonov, V. A.; Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Lindgren, M.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D. |
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Title |
9.6 μm wavelength mixing in a patterned YBa2Cu3O7‐δ thin film |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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68 |
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10 |
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1418-1420 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
Hot‐electron bolometric (HEB) mixing of 9.6 μm infrared radiation from two lasers in high‐quality YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) patterned thin film has been demonstrated. A heterodyne measurement showed an intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of 18 GHz, limited by our measurement system. An intrinsic limit of 100 GHz is predicted. Between 0.1 and 1 GHz intermediate frequency, temperature fluctuations with an equivalent output noise temperature Tfl up to ∼150 K, contributed to the mixer noise while Johnson noise dominated above 1 GHz. The overall conversion loss at 77 K at low intermediate frequencies was measured to be ∼25 dB, of which 13 dB was due to the coupling loss. The HEB mixer is very promising for use in heterodyne receivers within the whole infrared range. |
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0003-6951 |
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1613 |
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Tuchak, A. N.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Kitaeva, G. K.; Penin, A. N.; Seliverstov, S. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Shepelev, A. V.; Yakunin, P. V. |
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Generation of nanosecond terahertz pulses by the optical rectification method |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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JETP Lett. |
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JETP Lett. |
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96 |
Issue |
2 |
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94-97 |
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optical rectification, lithium niobate crystal |
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The possibility of the generation of quasi-cw terahertz radiation by the optical rectification method for broad-band Fourier unlimited nanosecond laser pulses has been experimentally demonstrated. The broadband radiation of a LiF dye-center laser is used as a pump source of a nonlinear optical oscillator. The energy efficiency of terahertz optical frequency conversion in a periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal is 4 × 10−9 at a pump power density of 7 MW/cm2. |
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0021-3640 |
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1377 |
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Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Zhang, W.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Kaurova, N. S.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Quasioptical hot electron bolometer mixers based on thin NBN films for terahertz region |
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Conference Article |
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2006 |
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Proc. 16th Int. Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 16th Int. Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology |
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2 |
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688-689 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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Presented in this paper are the performances of HEB mixers based on 2-3.5 nm thick NbN films integrated with log-periodic spiral antenna. Double side-band receiver noise temperature values are 1300 K and 3100 K at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz, respectively. Mixer gain bandwidth is 5.2 GHz. Local oscillator power is 1-3 muW for mixers with different active area |
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Russian |
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1445 |
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Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Drakinskii, V. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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The gain bandwidth of mixers based on the electron heating effect in an ultrathin NbN film on a Si substrate with a buffer MgO layer |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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J. of communications technol. & electronics |
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J. of communications technol. & electronics |
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48 |
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6 |
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671-675 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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Measurements of the intermediate frequency band 900 GHz of mixers based on the electron heating effect (EHE) in 2-nm- and 3.5-nm-thick superconducting NbN films sputtered on MgO and Si substrates with buffer MgO layers are presented. A 2-nm-thick superconducting NbN film with a critical temperature of 9.2 K has been obtained for the first time using a buffer MgO layer. |
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MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, Birmingham, AL |
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1064-2269 |
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https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17302119 (Полоса преобразования смесителей на эффекте разогрева электронов в ультратонких пленках NbN на подложках из Si с подслоем MgO) |
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Vakhtomin2003 |
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1522 |
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Verevkin, A. A.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Ingvesson, K. S. |
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Direct measurements of energy relaxation times on an AlGaAs/GaAs heterointerface in the range 4.2–50 K |
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1996 |
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JETP Lett. |
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JETP Lett. |
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64 |
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5 |
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404-409 |
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2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures |
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The temperature dependence of the energy relaxation time τe (T) of a two-dimensional electron gas at an AlGaAs/GaAs heterointerface is measured under quasiequilibrium conditions in the region of the transition from scattering by acoustic phonons to scattering with the participation of optical phonons. The temperature interval of constant τe, where scattering by the deformation potential predominates, is determined. In the preceding, low-temperature region, where piezoacoustic and deformation-potential-induced scattering processes coexist, τ e decreases slowly with increasing temperature. Optical phonons start to participate in the scattering processes at T∼25 K (the characteristic phonon lifetime was equal to τLOτ4.5 ps). The energy losses calculated from the τe data in a model with an effective nonequilibrium electron temperature agree with the published data obtained under strong heating conditions. |
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0021-3640 |
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http://jetpletters.ru/ps/981/article_14955.shtml (“Прямые измерения времен энергетической релаксации на гетерогранице AlGaAs/GaAs в диапазоне 4.2 – 50 К”) |
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1608 |
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Verevkin, A. A.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Smirnov, K. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenson, E. M.; Yngvesson, K. S. |
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Multiple Andreev reflection in hybrid AlGaAs/GaAs structures with superconducting NbN contacts |
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1999 |
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Semicond. |
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Semicond. |
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33 |
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5 |
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551-554 |
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2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures |
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The conductivity of hybrid microstructures with superconducting contacts made of niobium nitride to a semiconductor with a two-dimensional electron gas in a AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure has been investigated. Distinctive features of the behavior of the conductivity indicate the presence of multiple Andreev reflection at scattering centers in the normal region near the superconductor-semiconductor boundary. |
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1063-7826 |
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Call Number |
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1571 |
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Verevkin, A. A.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R.; Lipatov, A. P.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Superconducting single-photon detectors for GHz-rate free-space quantum communications |
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Conference Article |
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2002 |
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Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
4821 |
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447-454 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD, single-photon detector, thin-film superconductivity, quantum cryptography, ultrafast communications |
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We report our studies on the performance of new NbN ultrathin-film superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our SSPDs exhibit experimentally measured quantum efficiencies from 5% at wavelength λ = 1550 nm up to 10% at λ = 405 nm, with exponential, activation-energy-type spectral sensitivity dependence in the 0.4-μm – 3-μm wavelength range. Using a variable optical delay setup, we have shown that our NbN SSPDs can resolve optical photons with a counting rate up to 10 GHz, presently limited by the read-out electronics. The measured device jitter was below 35 ps under optimum biasing conditions. The extremely high photon counting rate, together with relatively high (especially for λ > 1 μm) quantum efficiency, low jitter, and very low dark counts, make NbN SSPDs very promising for free-space communications and quantum cryptography. |
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SPIE |
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Ricklin, J.C.; Voelz, D.G. |
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Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II |
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1523 |
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Author |
Verevkin, A.; Slysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Currie, M. |
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Title |
Real-time GHz-rate counting of infrared photons using nanostructured NbN superconducting detectors |
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2003 |
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CLEO/QELS |
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CLEO/QELS |
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CThM8 |
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NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Detectors; Photon counting; Quantum communications; Quantum cryptography; Single photon detectors; Superconductors |
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We demonstrate that our ultrathin, nanometer-width NbN superconducting single-photon detectors are capable of above 1-GHz-frequency, real-time counting of near-infrared photons. The measured system jitter of the detector is below 15 ps. |
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Optical Society of America |
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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference |
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1517 |
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Verevkin, A.; Williams, C.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R.; Gilbert, G. |
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Single-photon superconducting detectors for practical high-speed quantum cryptography |
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2001 |
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OFCC/ICQI |
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OFCC/ICQI |
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Pa3 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD, QKD, quantum cryptography |
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We have developed an ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector with negligible dark counting rate. The detector is based on an ultrathin, submicron-wide NbN meander-type stripe and can detect individual photons in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range at a rate of at least 10 Gb/s. The above counting rate allows us to implement the NbN device to unconditionally secret quantum key distRochester, New Yorkribution in a practical, high-speed system using real-time Vernam enciphering. |
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Rochester, New York |
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Optical Society of America |
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Optical Fiber Communication Conference and International Conference on Quantum Information |
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-- from poster session. |
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1544 |
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