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Author (down) Hu, Xiaolong; Dauler, Eric A.; Molnar, Richard J.; Berggren, Karl K. openurl 
  Title Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors integrated with optical nano-antennae Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express  
  Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 17-31  
  Keywords optical antennas  
  Abstract Optical nano-antennae have been integrated with semiconductor lasers to intensify light at the nanoscale and photodiodes to enhance photocurrent. In quantum optics, plasmonic metal structures have been used to enhance nonclassical light emission from single quantum dots. Absorption and detection of single photons from free space could also be enhanced by nanometallic antennae, but this has not previously been demonstrated. Here, we use nano-optical transmission effects in a one-dimensional gold structure, combined with optical cavity resonance, to form optical nano-antennae, which are further used to couple single photons from free space into a 80-nm-wide superconducting nanowire. This antenna-assisted coupling enables a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with 47% device efficiency at the wavelength of 1550 nm and 9-μm-by-9-μm active area while maintaining a reset time of only 5 ns. We demonstrate nanoscale antenna-like structures to achieve exceptional efficiency and speed in single-photon detection.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 745  
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Author (down) Hosseini, M.; Campbell, G.; Sparkes, B. M.; Lam, P. K.; Buchler, B. C. openurl 
  Title Unconditional room-temperature quantum memory Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume 7 Issue 10 Pages 794-798  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Just as classical information systems require buffers and memory, the same is true for quantum information systems. The potential that optical quantum information processing holds for revolutionizing computation and communication is therefore driving significant research into developing optical quantum memory. A practical optical quantum memory must be able to store and recall quantum states on demand with high efficiency and low noise. Ideally, the platform for the memory would also be simple and inexpensive. Here, we present a complete tomographic reconstruction of quantum states that have been stored in the ground states of rubidium in a vapour cell operating at around 80 °C. Without conditional measurements, we show recall fidelity up to 98% for coherent pulses containing around one photon. To unambiguously verify that our memory beats the quantum no-cloning limit we employ state-independent verification using conditional variance and signal-transfer coefficients.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 824  
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Author (down) Hannay, Timo openurl 
  Title A new kind of science? Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 742  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 818  
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Author (down) Grinolds, M. S.; Maletinsky, P.; Hong, S.; Lukin, M. D.; Walsworth, R. L.; Yacoby, A. openurl 
  Title Quantum control of proximal spins using nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume 7 Issue 9 Pages 687-692  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Quantum control of individual spins in condensed-matter systems is an emerging field with wide-ranging applications in spintronics, quantum computation and sensitive magnetometry. Recent experiments have demonstrated the ability to address and manipulate single electron spins through either optical or electrical techniques. However, it is a challenge to extend individual-spin control to nanometre-scale multi-electron systems, as individual spins are often irresolvable with existing methods. Here we demonstrate that coherent individual-spin control can be achieved with few- nanometre resolution for proximal electron spins by carrying out single-spin magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is realized using a scanning-magnetic-field gradient that is both strong enough to achieve nanometre spatial resolution and sufficiently stable for coherent spin manipulations. We apply this scanning-field-gradient MRI technique to electronic spins in nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond and achieve nanometre resolution in imaging, characterization and manipulation of individual spins. For NV centres, our results in individual-spin control demonstrate an improvement of nearly two orders of magnitude in spatial resolution when compared with conventional optical diffraction-limited techniques. This scanning-field-gradient microscope enables a wide range of applications including materials characterization, spin entanglement and nanoscale magnetometry.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 827  
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Author (down) Galeazzi, Massimiliano openurl 
  Title Fundamental noise processes in TES devices Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.  
  Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 267-271  
  Keywords TES, Johnson noise, phonon noise, excess noise, flux-flow noise, thermal fluctuation noise  
  Abstract Microcalorimeters and bolometers are noise-limited devices, therefore, a proper understanding of all noise sources is essential to predict and interpret their performance. In this paper, I review the fundamental noise processes contributing to Transition Edge Sensor (TES) microcalorimeters and bolometers and their effect on device performance. In particular, I will start with a simple, monolithic device model, moving to a more complex one involving discrete components, to finally move to today's more realistic, comprehensive model. In addition to the basic noise contribution (equilibrium Johnson noise and phonon noise), TES are significantly affected by extra noise, which is commonly referred to as excess noise. Different fundamental processes have been proposed and investigated to explain the origin of this excess noise, in particular near equilibrium non-linear Johnson noise, flux-flow noise, and internal thermal fluctuation noise. Experimental evidence shows that all three processes are real and contribute, at different levels, to the TES noise, although different processes become important at different regimes. It is therefore time to discard the term “excess noise” and consider these terms part of the “fundamental noise processes” instead.  
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  Notes Recommended by Klapwijk Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 914  
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Author (down) Gabay, Marc; Triscone, Jean-Marc openurl 
  Title Superconductors: Terahertz superconducting switch Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Photonics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Photon.  
  Volume 5 Issue 8 Pages 447-449  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract The use of terahertz pulses to 'gate' interlayer charge transport in a superconductor could lead to a variety of new and interesting applications.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 777  
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Author (down) Fuchs, G. D.; Burkard, G.; Klimov, P. V.; Awschalom, D. D. openurl 
  Title A quantum memory intrinsic to single nitrogen–vacancy centres in diamond Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume 7 Issue 10 Pages 789-793  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract A quantum memory, composed of a long-lived qubit coupled to each processing qubit, is important to building a scalable platform for quantum information science. These two qubits should be connected by a fast and high-fidelity operation to store and retrieve coherent quantum states. Here, we demonstrate a room-temperature quantum memory based on the spin of the nitrogen nucleus intrinsic to each nitrogen–vacancy (NV) centre in diamond. We perform coherent storage of a single NV centre electronic spin in a single nitrogen nuclear spin using Landau–Zener transitions across a hyperfine-mediated avoided level crossing. By working outside the asymptotic regime, we demonstrate coherent state transfer in as little as 120 ns with total storage fidelity of 88±6%. This work demonstrates the use of a quantum memory that is compatible with scaling as the nitrogen nucleus is deterministically present in each NV centre defect.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 823  
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Author (down) Feresten, Nancy Laties; Thornton, Jennifer A.; Emmett, Jennifer; Lamichhane, Priyanka; Epstein, Lori; Kiesow, Annette; Olesin, Kate; Hill, Grace (eds) openurl 
  Title Everything: Rocks and Minerals Type Book Whole
  Year 2011 Publication Nat. Geogr. Partners Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-64  
  Keywords children  
  Abstract  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor Feresten, Nancy Laties; Thornton, Jennifer A.; Emmett, Jennifer; Lamichhane, Priyanka; Epstein, Lori; Kiesow, Annette; Olesin, Kate; Hill, Grace  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1146  
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Author (down) Fazal, Furqan M.; Block, Steven M. openurl 
  Title Optical tweezers study life under tension Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Photonics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Photon.  
  Volume 5 Issue 6 Pages 318-321  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Optical tweezers have become one of the primary weapons in the arsenal of biophysicists, and have revolutionized the new field of single-molecule biophysics. Today's techniques allow high-resolution experiments on biological macromolecules that were mere pipe dreams only a decade ago.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 776  
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Author (down) Engel, Andreas; Aeschbacher, Adrian; Inderbitzin, Kevin; Schilling, Andreas; Il'in, Konstantin; Hofherr, Matthias; Siegel, Michael; Semenov, Alexei; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm openurl 
  Title Tantalum nitride superconducting single-photon detectors with low cut-off energy Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication arXiv Abbreviated Journal arXiv  
  Volume Issue Pages 9  
  Keywords SSPD  
  Abstract Materials with a small superconducting energy gap favor a high detection efficiency of low-energy photons in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. We developed a TaN detector with smaller gap and lower density of states at the Fermi energy than in comparable NbN devices, while other relevant parameters remain essentially unchanged. This results in a reduction of the minimum photon energy required for direct detection to $\approx1/3$ as compared to NbN.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication arXiv:1110.4576 Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 687  
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Author (down) Edlmayr, V.; Harzer, T. P.; Hoffmann, R.; Kiener, D.; Scheu, C.; Mitterer, C. openurl 
  Title Effects of thermal annealing on the microstructure of sputtered Al2O3 coatings Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 8  
  Keywords Annealing  
  Abstract The morphology and microstructure of Al2O3 thin films deposited by pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering were studied in the as-grown state and after vacuum annealing at 1000 °C for 12 h using transmission electron microscopy. For the coating deposited under low ion bombardment conditions, the film consists of small γ- and/or δ-Al2O3 grains embedded in an amorphous matrix. The grain size at the region close to the interface to the substrate was much larger than that of the remaining layer. Growth of the γ-Al2O3 phase is promoted during annealing but no transformation to α-Al2O3 was detected. For high-energetic growth conditions, clear evidence for γ-Al2O3 formation was found in the upper part of the coating with grain size much larger than for low-energetic growth, but the film was predominately amorphous at the interface region. Annealing resulted in the transformation of γ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3, while the mainly amorphous part crystallized to γ-Al2O3.  
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  Notes Annealing Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 693  
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Author (down) Dorenbos, S. N.; Heeres, R.W.; Driessen, E.F.C; Zwiller, V. openurl 
  Title Efficient and robust fiber coupling of superconducting single photon detectors Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication arXiv Abbreviated Journal arXiv  
  Volume Issue Pages 6  
  Keywords SSPD  
  Abstract We applied a recently developed fiber coupling technique to superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs). As the detector area of SSPDs has to be kept as small as possible, coupling to an optical fiber has been either inefficient or unreliable. Etching through the silicon substrate allows fabrication of a circularly shaped chip which self aligns to the core of a ferrule terminated fiber in a fiber sleeve. In situ alignment at cryogenic temperatures is unnecessary and no thermal stress during cooldown, causing misalignment, is induced. We measured the quantum efficiency of these devices with an attenuated tunable broadband source. The combination of a lithographically defined chip and high precision standard telecommunication components yields near unity coupling efficiency and a system detection efficiency of 34% at a wavelength of 1200 nm. This quantum efficiency measurement is confirmed by an absolute efficiency measurement using correlated photon pairs (with $\lambda$ = 1064 nm) produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The efficiency obtained via this method agrees well with the efficiency measured with the attenuated tunable broadband source.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication arXiv:1109.5809 Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 689  
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Author (down) Dada, Adetunmise C.; Leach, Jonathan; Buller, Gerald S.; Padgett, Miles J.; Andersson, Erika openurl 
  Title Experimental high-dimensional two-photon entanglement and violations of generalized Bell inequalities Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume 7 Issue 9 Pages 677-680  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Quantum entanglement plays a vital role in many quantum-information and communication tasks. Entangled states of higher-dimensional systems are of great interest owing to the extended possibilities they provide. For example, they enable the realization of new types of quantum information scheme that can offer higher-information-density coding and greater resilience to errors than can be achieved with entangled two-dimensional systems (see ref. and references therein). Closing the detection loophole in Bell test experiments is also more experimentally feasible when higher-dimensional entangled systems are used. We have measured previously untested correlations between two photons to experimentally demonstrate high-dimensional entangled states. We obtain violations of Bell-type inequalities generalized to d-dimensional systems up to d=12. Furthermore, the violations are strong enough to indicate genuine 11-dimensional entanglement. Our experiments use photons entangled in orbital angular momentum, generated through spontaneous parametric down-conversion, and manipulated using computer-controlled holograms.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 828  
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Author (down) Crespi, Andrea; Ramponi, Roberta; Osellame, Roberto; Sansoni, Linda; Bongioanni, Irene; Sciarrino, Fabio; Vallone, Giuseppe; Mataloni, Paolo openurl 
  Title Integrated photonic quantum gates for polarization qubits Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Communications Abbreviated Journal Nat. Comm.  
  Volume 2 Issue 566 Pages 6  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract The ability to manipulate quantum states of light by integrated devices may open new perspectives both for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and for novel technological applications. However, the technology for handling polarization-encoded qubits, the most commonly adopted approach, is still missing in quantum optical circuits. Here we demonstrate the first integrated photonic controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate for polarization-encoded qubits. This result has been enabled by the integration, based on femtosecond laser waveguide writing, of partially polarizing beam splitters on a glass chip. We characterize the logical truth table of the quantum gate demonstrating its high fidelity to the expected one. In addition, we show the ability of this gate to transform separable states into entangled ones and vice versa. Finally, the full accessibility of our device is exploited to carry out a complete characterization of the CNOT gate through a quantum process tomography.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 765  
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Author (down) Capmany, José; Gasulla, Ivana; Sales, Salvador openurl 
  Title Microwave photonics: Harnessing slow light Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Photonics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Photon.  
  Volume 5 Issue 12 Pages 731-733  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Slow-light techniques originally conceived for buffering high-speed digital optical signals now look set to play an important role in providing broadband phase and true time delays for microwave signals.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 778  
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