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Author (down) Il’in, K. S.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Sobolewski, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ultimate quantum efficiency of a superconducting hot-electron photodetector Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 73 Issue 26 Pages 3938-3940  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract The quantum efficiency and current and voltage responsivities of fast hot-electron photodetectors, fabricated from superconducting NbN thin films and biased in the resistive state, have been shown to reach values of 340, 220 A/W, and 4×104 V/W,

respectively, for infrared radiation with a wavelength of 0.79 μm. The characteristics of the photodetectors are presented within the general model, based on relaxation processes in the nonequilibrium electron heating of a superconducting thin film. The observed, very high efficiency and sensitivity of the superconductor absorbing the photon are explained by the high multiplication rate of quasiparticles during the avalanche breaking of Cooper pairs.		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1579  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Huebers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Schubert, J.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Krabbe, A.; Roeser, H.-P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title NbN hot-electron bolometer as THz mixer for SOFIA Type Conference Article
  Year 2000 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 4014 Issue Pages 195-202  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, airborne, stratospheric observatory, SOFIA  
  Abstract Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy need quantum limited sensitivity. We have investigated phonon- cooled NbN hot electron bolometric mixers in the frequency range from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. The devices were 3.5 nm thin films with an in-plane dimension of 1.7 X 0.2 micrometers 2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. The best measured DSB receiver noise temperatures are 1300 K (0.7 THz), 2000 K (1.4 THz), 2100 K (1.6 THz), 2600 K (2.5 THz), 4000 K (3.1 THz), 5600 K (4.3 THz), and 8800 K (5.2 THz). The sensitivity fluctuation, the long term stability, and the antenna pattern were measured. The results demonstrate that this mixer is very well suited for GREAT, the German heterodyne receiver for SOFIA.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Melugin, R.K.; Roeser, H.-P.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Airborne Telescope Systems  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1554  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Huebers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Superconducting hot electron bolometer as mixer for far-infrared heterodyne receivers Type Conference Article
  Year 2003 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 4855 Issue Pages 395-401  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy need quantum limited sensitivity. In instruments which are currently under development for SOFIA or Herschel superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) will be used to achieve this goal at frequencies above 1.4 THz. We present results of the development of a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer for GREAT, the German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies, which will be flown aboard SOFIA. The mixer is a small superconducting bridge incorporated in a planar feed antenna and a hyperhemispherical lens. Mixers with logarithmic-spiral and double-slot feed antennas have been investigated with respect to their noise temperature, conversion loss, linearity and beam pattern. At 2.5 THz a double sideband noise temperature of 2200 K was achieved. The conversion loss was 17 dB. The response of the mixer was linear up to 400 K load temperature. The performance was verified by measuring an emission line of methanol at 2.5 THz. The measured linewidth is in good agreement with the linewidth deduced from pressure broadening measurements at millimeter wavelength. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for far-infrared heterodyne receivers.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Tucson, USA Editor Phillips, T. G.; Zmuidzinas, J.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Presented at the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume 4855 Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 335  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Huebers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Semenov, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Schwaab, G. W. url  doi
openurl 
  Title NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer as a mixer for THz heterodyne receivers Type Conference Article
  Year 1999 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 3828 Issue Pages 410-416  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract We have investigated a phonon-cooled NbN hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixer in the frequency range from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. The device was a 3.5 nm thin film with an in- plane dimension of 1.7 X 0.2 micrometers 2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. The measured DSB receiver noise temperatures are 1500 K, 2200 K, 2600 K, 2900 K, 4000 K, 5600 K and 8800 K. The sensitivity fluctuation, the long term stability, and the antenna pattern were measured and the suitability of the mixer for a practical heterodyne receiver is discussed.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Spie Place of Publication Editor Chamberlain, J.M.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Terahertz Spectroscopy and Applications II  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1477  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Hubers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Schwarz, M.; Gunther, B.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Heterodyne receiver for 3-5 THz with hot-electron bolometer mixer Type Conference Article
  Year 2004 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 5498 Issue Pages 579-586  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy and planetary research need quantum limited sensitivity. In instruments which are currently build for SOFIA and Herschel superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) will be used to achieve this goal at frequencies above 1.4 THz. The local oscillator and the mixer are the most critical components for a heterodyne receiver operating at 3-5 THz. The design and performance of an optically pumped THz gas laser optimized for this frequency band will be presented. In order to optimize the performance for this frequency hot electron bolometer mixers with different in-plane dimensions and logarithmic-spiral feed antennas have been investigated. Their noise temperatures and beam patterns were measured. Above 3 THz the best performance was achieved with a superconducting bridge of 2.0 x 0.2 μm2 incorporated in a logarithmic spiral antenna. The DSB noise temperatures were 2700 K, 4700 K and 6400 K at 3.1 THz, 4.3 THz and 5.2 THz, respectively. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for THz heterodyne receivers up to at least 5 THz.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Zmuidzinas, J.; Holland, W.S.; Withington, S.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy II  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1483  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B. url  openurl
  Title Terahertz Heterodyn Receiver with a hot-electron bolometer mixer Type Conference Article
  Year 2002 Publication Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop Abbreviated Journal Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop  
  Volume Issue Pages 3-24  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract During the past decade major advances have been made regarding low noise mixers for terahertz (THz) heterodyne receivers. State of the art hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers have noise temperatures close to the quantum limit and require less than a µW power from the local oscillator (LO). The technology is now at a point where the performance of a practical receiver employing such mixer, rather than the figures of merit of the mixer itself, are of major concern. We have incorporated a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer in a 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver and investigated the performance of the receiver. This yields important information for the development of heterodyne receivers such as GREAT (German receiver for astronomy at THz frequencies aboard SOFIA) [1] and TELIS (Terahertz limb sounder), a balloon borne heterodyne receiver for atmospheric research [2]. Both are currently under development at DLR.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher NASA Place of Publication Editor Wolf, U.; Farhoomand, J.; McCreight, C.R.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title NASA CP Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Volume: 211408 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1537  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Holldack, K.; Schade, U.; Wüstefeld, G.; Gol’tsman, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Time domain analysis of coherent terahertz synchrotron radiation Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 87 Issue 18 Pages 184103 (1 to 3)  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, applications  
  Abstract The time structure of coherent terahertz synchrotron radiation at the electron storage ring of the Berliner Elektronensynchrotron und Speicherring Gesellschaft has been analyzed with a fast superconducting hot-electron bolometer. The emission from a single bunch of electrons was found to last ∼1500ps at frequencies around 0.4THz, which is much longer than the length of an electron bunch in the time domain (∼5ps). It is suggested that this is caused by multiple reflections at the walls of the beam line. The quadratic increase of the power with the number of electrons in the bunch as predicted for coherent synchrotron radiation and the transition from stable to bursting radiation were determined from a single storage ring fill pattern of bunches with different populations.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1457  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Krabbe, A.; Birk, M.; Wagner, G.; Semenov, A.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Parylene anti-reflection coating of a quasi-optical hot-electron-bolometric mixer at terahertz frequencies Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Infrared Physics & Technology Abbreviated Journal Infrared Physics & Technology  
  Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 41-47  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, anti-reflection coating  
  Abstract Parylene C was investigated as anti-reflection coating for silicon at terahertz frequencies. Measurements with a Fourier-transform spectrometer show that the transmittance of pure silicon can be improved by about 30% when applying a layer of Parylene C with a quarter wavelength optical thickness. The 10% bandwidth of this coating extends from 1.5 to 3 THz for a center frequency of 2.3–2.5 THz, where the transmittance is constant. Heterodyne measurements demonstrate that the noise temperature of a hot-electron-bolometric mixer can be reduced significantly by coating the silicon lens of the hybrid antenna with a quarter wavelength Parylene C layer. Compared to the same mixer with an uncoated lens the improvement is about 30% at a frequency of 2.5 THz.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1350-4495 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1548  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Hoogeveen, R. W. M.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Maurellis, A.; Koshelets, V. P.; Shitov, S. V.; Mair, U.; Krocka, M.; Wagner, G.; Birk, M.; Huebers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Semenov, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Ellison, B.N.; Kerridge, B.J.; Matheson, D. N.; Alderman, B.; Harman, M.; Siddans, R.; Reburn, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title New cryogenic heterodyne techniques applied in TELIS: the balloonborne THz and submillimeter limb sounder for atmospheric research Type Conference Article
  Year 2003 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 5152 Issue Pages 347-355  
  Keywords TELIS, limb sounder, heterodyne detection, terahertz, sub millimeter, cryogenic, limb sounding, balloon borne, atmospheric research  
  Abstract We present a design concept for a new state-of-the-art balloon borne atmospheric monitor that will allow enhanced limb sounding of the Earth’s atmosphere within the submillimeter and far-infrared wavelength spectral range: TELIS, TErahertz and submm LImb Sounder. The instrument is being developed by a consortium of major European institutes that includes the Space Research Organization of the Netherlands (SRON), the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) will utilize state-of-the-art superconducting heterodyne technology and is designed to be a compact, lightweight instrument cpaable of providing broad spectral coverage, high spectral resolution and long flight duration ( 24 hours duration during a single flight campaign). The combination of high sensitivity and extensive flight duration will allow evaluation of the diurnal variation of key atmospheric constitutenets sucyh as OH, HO2, ClO, BrO togehter will onger lived constituents such as O3, HCL and N2O. Furthermore, TELIS will share a common balloon platform to that of the MIPAS-B Fourier Transform Spectrometer, developed by the Institute of Meteorology and Climate research of the over an extended spectral range. The combination of the TELIS and MIPAS instruments will provide atmospheric scientists with a very powerful observational tool. TELIS will serve as a testbed for new cryogenic heterodyne detection techniques, and as such it will act as a prelude to future spaceborne instruments planned by the European Space Agency (ESA).  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Strojnik, M.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing XI  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1508  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (down) Heusinger, M. A.; Nebosis,R. S.; Schatz, W.; Renk, K. F.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Temperature dependence of bolometric and non-bolometric photoresponse of a structured YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film Type Conference Article
  Year 1993 Publication Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences Abbreviated Journal Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences  
  Volume 112 Issue Pages 193-195  
  Keywords YBCO HTS detectors  
  Abstract We investigated the temperature dependence of the transient voltage photoresponse of a current biased structured YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film in its transition temperature region, around 79 K. Both, picosecond nonbolometric and nanosecond bolometric response to ultrashort far-infrared laser pulses were found for frequencies between 25 cm−1 and 215 cm−1. We will discuss optimum conditions for radiation detection and present an analysis of the dynamical behaviour of excited high T c thin films.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor Meissner, M.; Pohl, R. O.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Seventh International Conference, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 3-7, 1992  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1663  
Permanent link to this record
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