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Ozhegov, R.; Elezov, M.; Kurochkin, Y.; Kurochkin, V.; Divochiy, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vachtomin, Y.; Smirnov, K.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
Quantum key distribution over 300 |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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9440 |
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1F (1 to 9) |
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SSPD, SNSPD applicatins, quantum key distribution, QKD |
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We discuss the possibility of polarization state reconstruction and measurement over 302 km by Superconducting Single- Photon Detectors (SSPDs). Because of the excellent characteristics and the possibility to be effectively coupled to singlemode optical fiber many applications of the SSPD have already been reported. The most impressive one is the quantum key distribution (QKD) over 250 km distance. This demonstration shows further possibilities for the improvement of the characteristics of quantum-cryptographic systems such as increasing the bit rate and the quantum channel length, and decreasing the quantum bit error rate (QBER). This improvement is possible because SSPDs have the best characteristics in comparison with other single-photon detectors. We have demonstrated the possibility of polarization state reconstruction and measurement over 302.5 km with superconducting single-photon detectors. The advantage of an autocompensating optical scheme, also known as “plugandplay” for quantum key distribution, is high stability in the presence of distortions along the line. To increase the distance of quantum key distribution with this optical scheme we implement the superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD). At the 5 MHz pulse repetition frequency and the average photon number equal to 0.4 we measured a 33 bit/s quantum key generation for a 101.7 km single mode ber quantum channel. The extremely low SSPD dark count rate allowed us to keep QBER at 1.6% level. |
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SPIE |
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Orlikovsky, A. A. |
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International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ ozhegov2014quantum |
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1048 |
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Ozhegov, R.; Morozov, D.; Maslennikov, S.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Submillimeter wave range imaging system for registering human body radiation and finding out the things covered under clothes |
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2004 |
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Proc. 3rd Int. exhibition and conf. Non-Destructive Testing Equipment and Devices |
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Moscow |
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345 |
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Ozhegov, R.; Maslennikov, S.; Morozov, D.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
Imaging system for submillimeter wave range |
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Conference Article |
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2004 |
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Proc. Tenth All-Russian sceintific conference of student-physicists and young sceintists (VNKSF-10) |
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Moscow |
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RPLAB @ s @ thzimaging_vnksf10_2004 |
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347 |
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Ozhegov, R. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Ultrafast superconducting bolometer receivers for terahertz applications |
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2009 |
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Proc. PIERS |
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Proc. PIERS |
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867 |
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HEB |
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The research by the group of Moscow State Pedagogical University into the hot-electron phenomena in thin superconducting films has led to the development of new types of detectors and their use both in fundamental and applied studies. In this paper, we present the results of testing the terahertz HEB receiver systems based on ultrathin (∼ 4 nm) NbN and MoRe detectors with a response time of 50 ps and 1 ns, respectively. We have developed three types of devices which differ in the way a terahertz signal is coupled to the detector and cover the following ranges: 0.3–3 THz, 0.1–30 THz and 25–70 THz. In the case of the receiving system optimized for 0.3–3 THz, the sensitive element (a strip of asuperconductor with planar dimensions of 0.2μm (length) by 1.7μm (width)) was integrated witha planar broadband log-spiral antenna. For additional focusing ofthe incident radiation a silicon hyperhemispherical lens was used. For the 0.1–30 THz receivingsystem, the sensitive element was patterned as parallel strips(2μm wide each) filling an area of 500×500μm2with a filling factor of 0.5. In the receivingsystem of this type we used direct coupling of the incident radiation to the sensitive element. Inthe 25–70 THz range (detector type 2/2a in Table 1) we used a square-shaped superconductingdetector with planar dimensions of 10×10μm2. Incident radiation was coupled to the detectorwith the use of a germanium hyperhemispherical lens.The response time of the above receiving systems is determined by the cooling rate of the hotelectrons in the film. That depends on the electron-phonon interaction time, which is less forultrathin NbN than in MoRe. |
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Moscow, Russia |
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The Electromagnetics Academy |
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777 Concord Avenue, Suite 207 Cambridge, MA 02138 |
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1559-9450 |
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978-1-934142-09-7 |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ ozhegovultrafast |
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1022 |
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Ozhegov, R. V.; Okunev, O. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Filippenko, L. V.; Koshelets, V. P. |
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Title |
Noise equivalent temperature difference of a superconducting integrated terahertz receiver |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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J. Commun. Technol. Electron. |
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J. Commun. Technol. Electron. |
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54 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
716-720 |
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Keywords |
SIS mixer SIR NETD, FFO, harmonic mixer |
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The dependence of the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of a superconducting integrated receiver (SIR) on the receiver noise temperature and the inputsignal level has been investigated. An unprecedented NETD of 13±2 mK has been measured at a SIR noise temperature of 200 K, intermediate-frequency bandwidth of 4 GHz, and time constant of 1 s. With a decrease in the input signal, an improvement in the NETD is observed. This effect is explained by a reduction in the influence of the instabilities of the receiver power supply and the amplification circuit that occur when the input signal is decreased. |
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1064-2269 |
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1400 |
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Ozhegov, R. V.; Gorshkov, K. N.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kiselev, O. S.; Kinev, N. V.; Filippenko, L. V.; Koshelets, V. P. |
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Terahertz imaging system based on superconducting heterodyne integrated receiver |
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Conference Article |
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2014 |
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Proc. THz and Security Applications |
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Proc. THz and Security Applications |
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113-125 |
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SIS mixer, SIR, THz imaging |
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The development of terahertz imaging instruments for security systems is on the cutting edge of terahertz technology. We are developing a THz imaging system based on a superconducting integrated receiver (SIR). An SIR is a new type of heterodyne receiver based on an SIS mixer integrated with a flux-flow oscillator (FFO) and a harmonic mixer which is used for phase-locking the FFO. Employing an SIR in an imaging system means building an entirely new instrument with many advantages compared to traditional systems.
In this project we propose a prototype THz imaging system using an 1 pixel SIR and 2D scanner. At a local oscillator frequency of 500 GHz the best noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of the SIR is 10 mK at an integration time of 1 s and a detection bandwidth of 4 GHz. The scanner consists of two rotating flat mirrors placed in front of the antenna consisting of a spherical primary reflector and an aspherical secondary reflector. The diameter of the primary reflector is 0.3 m. The operating frequency of the imaging system is 600 GHz, the frame rate is 0.1 FPS, the scanning area is 0.5 × 0.5 m2, the image resolution is 50 × 50 pixels, the distance from an object to the scanner was 3 m. We have obtained THz images with a spatial resolution of 8 mm and a NETD of less than 2 K. |
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Springer Netherlands |
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Dordrecht |
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Corsi, C.; Sizov, F. |
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978-94-017-8828-1 |
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1368 |
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Ozhegov, R. V.; Gorshkov, K. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Filippenko, L. V.; Koshelets, V. P. |
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Terahertz imaging system based on superconducting integrated receiver |
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Conference Article |
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2010 |
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Proc. 2-nd Int. Conf. Terahertz and Microwave radiation: Generation, Detection and Applications |
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Proc. 2-nd Int. Conf. Terahertz and Microwave radiation: Generation, Detection and Applications |
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20-22 |
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SIS mixer, SIR |
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The development of terahertz imaging instruments for security systems is on the cutting edge of terahertz technology. We are developing a THz imaging system based on a superconducting integrated receiver (SIR). An SIR is a new type of heterodyne receiver based on an SIS mixer integrated with a flux-flow oscillator (FFO) and a harmonic mixer which is used for phase-locking the FFO. Developing an array of SIRs would allow obtaining amplitude and phase characteristics of incident radiation in the plane of the receiver. Employing an SIR in an imaging system means building an entirely new instrument with many advantages compare to traditional systems: i) high temperature resolution, comparable to the best results for incoherent receivers; ii) high spectral resolution allowing spectral analysis of various substances; iii) the local oscillator frequency can be varied to obtain images at different frequencies, effectively providing “color” images; iv) since a heterodyne receiver preserves the phase of the radiation, it is possible to construct 3D images. The paper presents a prototype THz imaging system using an 1 pixel SIR. We have studied the dependence of the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) on the integration time and also possible ways of achieving best possible sensitivity. An NETD of 13 mK was obtained with an integration time of 1 sec a detection bandwidth of 4 GHz at a local oscillator frequency of 520 GHz. An important advantage of an FFO is its wide operation range: 300-700 GHz. |
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ozhegov2010terahertz |
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1397 |
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Ozhegov, R. V.; Gorshkov, K. N.; Okunev, O. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer as element of thermal imager matrix |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Tech. Phys. Lett. |
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Tech. Phys. Lett. |
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36 |
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11 |
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1006-1008 |
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HEB mixers |
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The possibility of using a matrix of sensitive elements on a 12-mm-diameter hyperhemispherical lens in a thermal imager operating in the terahertz range has been studied. Dimensions of a lens region acceptable for arrangement of the matrix, in which the receiver noise temperature varies within 16% of the mean value, are determined to be 3.3% of the lens diameter. Deviations of the main lobe of the directivity pattern are evaluated, which amount to ±1.25° relative to the direction toward the optimum position of a mixer. The fluctuation sensitivity of the receiver measured in experiment is 0.5 K at a frequency of 300 GHz. |
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1063-7850 |
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1390 |
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Ozhegov, R. V.; Gorshkov, K. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Kinev, N. V.; Koshelets, V. P. |
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The stability of a terahertz receiver based on a superconducting integrated receiver |
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2011 |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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24 |
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3 |
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035003 |
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SIS mixer, SIR, stability |
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We present the results of stability testing of a terahertz radiometer based on a superconducting receiver with a SIS tunnel junction as the mixer and a flux-flow oscillator as the local oscillator. In the continuum mode, the receiver with a noise temperature of 95 K at 510 GHz measured over the intermediate frequency (IF) passband of 4-8 GHz offered a noise equivalent temperature difference of 10 ± 1 mK at an integration time of 1 s. We offer a method to significantly increase the integration time without the use of complex measurement equipment. The receiver observed a strong signal over a final detection bandwidth of 4 GHz and offered an Allan time of 5 s. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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705 |
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Ovchinnikov, O. V.; Perepelitsa, A. S.; Smirnov, M. S.; Latyshev, A. N.; Grevtseva, I. G.; Vasiliev, R. B.; Goltsman, G. N.; Vitukhnovsky, A. G. |
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Luminescence of colloidal Ag2S/ZnS core/shell quantum dots capped with thioglycolic acid |
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2020 |
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J. Luminescence |
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J. Luminescence |
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220 |
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117008 (1 to 7) |
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Ag2S QD, quantum dots |
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The features of IR luminescence of colloidal AgS QDs passivated with thioglycolic acid (AgS/TGA) under the formation of AgS/ZnS/TGA core/shell QDs are considered. A 4.5-fold increase in the quantum yield of recombination IR luminescence within the band with a peak at 960 nm (1.29 eV), full width at half maximum of 250 nm (0.34 eV), and the Stokes shift with respect to the exciton absorption of 0.6 eV was found. The increase in the IR luminescence intensity of AgS/ZnS/TGA QDs is accompanied by an increase in the average luminescence lifetime from 2.9 ns to 14.3 ns, which is explained as “healing” of surface trap states during the formation of the ZnS shell. For the first time, the enhancement of the luminescence intensity photodegradation (hereinafter referred to as fatigue) was found during the formation of the AgS/ZnS/TGA core/shell QDs. The luminescence fatigue is irreversible. We conclude that the initial stage of photolysis of the AgS core QDs under laser irradiation plays a key role. Low-atomic photolytic clusters of silver formed on the AgS core QDs act as luminescence quenching centers and do not reveal structural transformations into AgS, provided that the clusters are not in contact with TGA. |
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0022-2313 |
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