Gershenzon, E. M., Gershenson, M. E., Goltsman, G. N., Karasik, B. S., Lyulkin, A. M., & Semenov, A. D. (1989). Fast-response superconducting electron bolometer. Pisma v Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 15(3), 88–92.
Abstract: The general design, operation, and performance characteristics of fast-response electronic bolometers using a thin superconducting Nb film on a leucosapphire substrate are briefly reviewed. The volt-watt sensitivity of the bolometrs is 2,000-200,000 V/W, the operating temperature is 1.6 K, and the time constant is 4-4.5 ns.
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Elant'ev, A. I., & Karasik, B. S. (1989). Effect of high-frequency current on Nb superconductive film in resistive state. Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys., 15(7), 379–383.
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Ekstrom, H., Karasik, B., Weikle, R., Yngvesson, K. S., Gol’tsman, G., Kollberg, E., et al. (1993). Mixers using superconducting Nb films in the resistive state. In 23rd European Microwave Conf. (pp. 787–789).
Abstract: The mixing of 20 GHz radiation in a Nb superconducting film in the resistive state was studied. The experiment gave evidence of electron-heating to be the origin of the non-linear phenomenon. The requirements on the operation mode and on the film parameters in order to obtain small conversion losses or even gain are determined. Our measurements indicate a conversion loss of about 6-8 dB. The hot-electron bolometer is considered to be very promising for use in heterodyne receivers in a wide frequency range from microwaves to terahertz frequencies.
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