| Records |
| Author |
Yagoubov, P.; van de Stadt, H.; Hoogeveen, R.; Koshelets, V.; Birk, Manfred; Murk, A. |
| Title |
OPTICAL DESIGN OF SUB-MILLIMETER SPECTROMETER FOR LIMB SOUNDER |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology |
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| Keywords |
Cryogenic terahertz heterodyne receiver, remote sensing, TELIS, submillimeter |
| Abstract |
TELIS (Terahertz and submm Limb Sounder) is a cooperation between DLR (Institute for Remote Sensing Technology, Germany), RAL (Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, UK) and SRON (National Institute for Space Research, the Netherlands), to build a three-channel balloon-borne heterodyne spectrometer for atmospheric research. The three receivers will operate simultaneously at 500 GHz (channel developed by RAL), at 550-650 GHz (SRON in collaboration with IREE), and at 1.8 THz (DLR). The balloon platform on which TELIS will fly also contains a Fourier transform spectrometer: MIPAS-B developed by the IMK (Institute of Meteorology and Climate research of the University of Karlsruhe, Germany). MIPAS-B will simultaneously measure within the range 680 to 2400 cm-1. The combination of the TELIS and MIPAS instruments will provide an unprecedented wealth of scientific data and will also be used to validate other instruments and atmospheric chemistry models. In this paper we present the optical design of TELIS with an emphasis on the 550-650 GHz channel. The main design goal was to generate a high efficiency antenna beam over the full frequency range, with low side lobes and close to diffraction limited angular resolution in the vertical direction at the sky. All these requirements had to be achieved within a small volume and low mass. Design and validation of the optics, as well as estimation of optical components tolerances, was done using commercial software packages ZEMAX and GRASP. |
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event_dates=2005-05-31 – 2005-06-03; |
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no |
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414 |
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| Author |
Cherednichenko, S.; Kollberg, E.; Angelov, I.; Drakinskiy, V.; Berg, T.; Merkel, H. |
| Title |
Effect of the direct detection effect on the HEB receiver sensitivity calibration |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Issue |
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Pages |
235-239 |
| Keywords |
HEB, mixer, direct detection effect |
| Abstract |
We analyze the scale of the HEB receiver sensitivity calibration error caused by the so called “direct detection effect”. The effect comes from changing of the HEB parameters when whey face the calibration loads of different temperatures. We found that for HIFI Band 6 mixers (Herschel Space Observatory) the noise temperature error is of the order of 8% for 300K/77K loads (lab receiver) and 2.5% for 100K/10K loads (in HIFI). Using different approach we also predict that with an isolator between the mixer and the low noise amplifiers the error can be much smaller. |
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Göteborg, Sweden |
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no |
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360 |
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Baselmans, J.; Kooi, J.; Baryshev, A.; Yang, Z. Q.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
| Title |
Full characterization of small volume NbN HEB mixers for space applications |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
457-462 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
NbN phonon cooled HEB’s are one of the most promising bolometer mixer technologies for (near) future (space) applications. Their performance is usually quantified by mea- suring the receiver noise temperature at a given IF frequency, usually around 1 – 2 GHz. However, for any real applications it is vital that one fully knows all the relevant properties of the mixer, including LO power, stability, direct detection, gain bandwidth and noise bandwidth, not only the noise temperature at low IF frequencies. To this aim we have measured all these parameters at the optimal operating point of one single, small volume quasioptical NbN HEB mixer. We find a minimum noise temperature of 900 K at 1.46 THz. We observe a direct detection effect indicated by a change in bias current when changing from a 300 K hot load to a 77 K cold load. Due to this effect we overestimate the noise temperature by about 22% using a 300 K hot load and a 77 K cold load. The LO power needed to reach the optimal operating point is 80 nW at the receiver lens front, 59 nW inside the NbN bridge. However, using the isothermal technique we find a power absorbed in the NbN bridge of 25 nW, a difference of about a factor 2. We obtain a gain bandwidth of 2.3 GHz and a noise bandwidth of 4 GHz. The system Allan time is about 1 sec. in a 50 MHz spectral bandwidth and a deviation from white noise integration (governed by the radiometer equation) occurs at 0.2 sec., which implies a maximum integration time of a few seconds in a 1 MHz bandwidth spectrometer. |
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Göteborg, Sweden |
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no |
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363 |
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| Author |
Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Smirnov, K. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Korotetskaya, Yu. P.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Hot electron bolometer mixer for 20 – 40 THz frequency range |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
393-397 |
| Keywords |
IR NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
The developed HEB mixer was based on a 5 nm thick NbN film deposited on a GaAs substrate. The active area of the film was patterned as a 30×20 μm 2 strip and coupled with a 50 Ohm coplanar line deposited in situ. An extended hemispherical germanium lens was used to focus the LO radiation on the mixer. The responsivity of the mixer was measured in a direct detection mode in the 25÷64 THz frequency range. The noise performance of the mixer and the directivity of the receiver were investigated in a heterodyne mode. A 10.6 μm wavelength CW CO 2 laser was utilized as a local oscillator. |
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Göteborg, Sweden |
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no |
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369 |
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Loudkov, D.; Tong, C. Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
An investigation of the performance of the superconducting HEB슠mixer as a function of its RF슠embedding impedance |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
472-475 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixer |
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IEEE |
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no |
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371 |
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Gol'tsman, Gregory N.; Vachtomin, Yuriy B.; Antipov, Sergey V.; Finkel, Matvey I.; Maslennikov, Sergey N.; Smirnov, Konstantin V.; Polyakov, Stanislav L.; Svechnikov, Sergey I.; Kaurova, Natalia S.; Grishina, Elisaveta V.; Voronov, Boris M. |
| Title |
NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer for terahertz heterodyne receivers |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
5727 |
Issue |
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Pages |
95-106 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We present the results of our studies of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixers at terahertz frequencies. The mixers were fabricated from NbN film deposited on a high-resistivity Si substrate with an MgO buffer layer. The mixer element was integrated with a log-periodic spiral antenna. The noise temperature measurements were performed at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz local oscillator frequencies for the 3 x 0.2 μm2 active area devices. The best uncorrected receiver noise temperatures found for these frequencies are 1300 K and 3100 K, respectively. A water vapour discharge laser was used as the LO source. The largest gain bandwidth of 5.2 GHz was achieved for a mixer based on 2 nm thick NbN film deposited on MgO layer over Si substrate. The gain bandwidth of the mixer based on 3.5 nm NbN film deposited on Si with MgO is 4.2 GHz and the noise bandwidth for the same device amounts to 5 GHz. We also present the results of our research into decrease of the direct detection contribution to the measured Y-factor and a possible error of noise temperature calculation. The use of a square nickel cell mesh as an IR-filter enabled us to avoid the effect of direct detection and measure apparent value of the noise temperature which was 16% less than that obtained using conventional black polyethylene IR-filter. |
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Terahertz and Gigahertz Electronics and Photonics IV |
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no |
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Serial |
378 |
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| Author |
Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Reker, S. F.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Vahtomin, Yu.; Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
Direct detection effect in small volume hot electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
86 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
163503 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords |
HEB, mixer, direct detection effect |
| Abstract |
We measure the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm)(0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electronbolometermixer at 1.6THz1.6THz. We find that the small signal sensitivity of the receiver is underestimated by 35% due to the direct detection effect and that the optimal operating point is shifted to higher bias voltages when using calibration loads of 300K300K and 77K77K. Using a 200GHz200GHzbandpass filter at 4.2K4.2K the direct detection effect virtually disappears. This has important implications for the calibration procedure of these receivers in real telescope systems. |
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no |
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377 |
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Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Terahertz heterodyne receivers based on superconductive hot-electron bolometer mixers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
10-11 |
Pages |
859-864 |
| Keywords |
HEB, applications |
| Abstract |
We consider recent results in development of hot-electron bolometer mixers. Special attention is paid to optimization of the contacts between the antenna and the active area of a superconducting film. An important result in the study of the parasitic effect of direct detection is obtained during the measurement of the noise temperatures by the hot/cold load method. The latest results of studies of the waveguide hot-electron bolometer mixers and their successful practical applications are considered. Progress in development of high-frequency (over 1.3 THz) heterodyne receivers for several important international projects is discussed and new submillimeter radio astronomy projects ESPRIT and SAFIR are described. |
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0033-8443 |
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381 |
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Финкель, М. И.; Масленников, С. Н.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
| Title |
Супергетеродинные терагерцовые приёмники со сверхпроводниковым смесителем на электронном разогреве |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
Publication |
Известия высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика |
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48 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
964-970 |
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russian |
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Duplicated as 381 |
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380 |
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Корнеев, А. А.; Минаева, О.; Рубцова, И.; Милостная, И.; Чулкова, Г.; Воронов, Б.; Смирнов, К.; Селезнёв, В.; Гольцман, Г.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Cross, A.; Alvarez, P.; Верёвкин, А.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Сверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор на основе ультратонкой пленки NbN |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Квантовая электроника |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
698-700 |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
Представлены результаты исследований сверхпроводящих однофотонных детекторов, изготовленных из ультратонкой пленки NbN. Развитие технологического процесса изготовления детекторов, а также снижение рабочей температуры до 2 К позволили существенно увеличить квантовую эффективность: для видимого света (λ = 0.56 мкм) она составила 30%–40%, т.е. достигла предела, определяемого коэффициентом поглощения пленки. С ростом длины волны квантовая эффективность экспоненциально падает, составляя ~20% на λ=1.55 мкм и ~0.02% на λ = 5 мкм. При скорости темнового счета ~10-4s-1 экспериментально измеренная эквивалентная мощность шума составила 1.5 × 10-20 Вт/Гц-1/2; в дальнейшем она может быть уменьшена до рекордно низкого значения 5 × 10-21 Вт/Гц-1/2. Временное разрешение детектора равно 30 пс. |
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Russian |
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Duplicated as 383 (Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detector) |
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382 |
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