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Author Tong, C.-Y. Edward; Kawamura, Jonathan; Todd, R. Hunter; Papa, D. Cosmo; Blundell, Raymond.; Smith, Michael; Patt, Ferdinand; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Gershenzon, Eugene
Title Successful operation of a 1 THz NbN hot-electron bolometer receiver Type Conference Article
Year 2000 Publication Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 49-59
Keywords NbN HEB mixers, applications
Abstract A phonon-cooled NbN superconductive hot-electron bolometer receiver covering the frequency range 0.8-1.04 THz has successfully been used for astronomical observation at the Sub-Millimeter Telescope Observatory on Mount Graham, Arizona. This waveguide heterodyne receiver is a modified version of our fixed-tuned 800 GHz HEB receiver to allow for operation beyond 1 THz. The measured noise temperature of this receiver is about 1250 K at 0.81 THz, 560 K at 0.84 THz, and 1600 K at 1.035 THz. It has a 1 GHz wide IF bandwidth, centered at 1.8 GHz. This receiver has recently been used to detect the CO (9-8) molecular line emission at 1.037 THz in the Orion nebula. This is the first time a ground-based heterodyne receiver has been used to detect a celestial source above 1 THz.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 303
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Author Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.–W.; Schubert, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title Frequency dependent noise temperature of the lattice cooled hot-electron terahertz mixer Type Conference Article
Year 2000 Publication Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 39-48
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract We present the measurements and the theoretical model on the frequency dependent noise temperature of a lattice cooled hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The experimentally observed increase of the noise temperature with frequency is a cumulative effect of the non-uniform distribution of the high frequency current in the bolometer and the charge imbalance, which occurs near the edges of the normal domain and contacts with normal metal. In addition, we present experimental results which show that the noise temperature of a HEB mixer can be reduced by about 30% due to a Parylene antireflection coating on the Silicon hyperhemispheric lens.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 305
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Author Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title Design and performance of the lattice-cooled hot-electron terahertz mixer Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication J. Appl. Phys. Abbreviated Journal J. Appl. Phys.
Volume 88 Issue 11 Pages 6758-6767
Keywords HEB mixer, charge imbalance, HF current distribution
Abstract We present the measurements and the theoreticalmodel of the frequency-dependent noise temperature of a superconductor lattice-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The increase of the noise temperature with frequency is a cumulative effect of the nonuniform distribution of the high-frequency current in the bolometer and the charge imbalance, which occurs at the edges of the normal domain and at the contacts with normal metal. We show that under optimal operation the fluctuation sensitivity of the mixer is determined by thermodynamic fluctuations of the noise power, whereas at small biases there appears additional noise, which is probably due to the flux flow. We propose the prescription of how to minimize the influence of the current distribution on the mixer performance.
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-8979 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 306
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Author Sergeev, A.; Mitin, V.
Title Electron-phonon interaction in disordered conductors: Static and vibrating scattering potentials Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Phys. Rev. B. Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. B.
Volume 61 Issue 9 Pages 6041-6047
Keywords disordered conductors, scattering potential, electron-phonon interaction
Abstract Employing the Keldysh diagram technique, we calculate the electron-phonon energy relaxation rate in a conductor with the vibrating and static δ-correlated random electron-scattering potentials. If the scattering potential is completely dragged by phonons, this model yields the Schmid’s result for the inelastic electron-scattering rate τ−1e−ph. At low temperatures the effective interaction decreases due to disorder, and τ−1e−ph∝T4l (l is the electron mean-free path). In the presense of the static potential, quantum interference of numerous scattering processes drastically changes the effective electron-phonon interaction. In particular, at low temperatures the interaction increases, and τ−1e−ph∝T2/l. Along with an enhancement of the interaction, which is observed in disordered metallic films and semiconducting structures at low temperatures, the suggested model allows us to explain the strong sensitivity of the electron relaxation rate to the microscopic quality of a particular film.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0163-1829 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 307
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Author Gerecht, E.; Musante, C.F.; Zhuang, Y.; Ji, M.; Yngvesson, K.S.; Goyette, T.; Waldman, J.
Title NbN hot electron bolometric mixer with intrinsic receiver noise temperature of less than five times the quantum noise limit Type Conference Article
Year 2000 Publication Proc. IMS Abbreviated Journal
Volume 2 Issue Pages 1007-1010
Keywords HEB mixer
Abstract In recent years, improvements in device development and quasi-optical coupling techniques utilizing planar antennas have led to a significant achievement in low noise receivers for the edges of the submillimeter frequency regime. Hot electron bolometric (HEB) receivers made of thin superconducting films such as NbN have produced a viable option for instruments designed to measure the molecular spectra for astronomical applications as well as in remote sensing of the atmosphere in the THz regime. This paper describes an NbN HEB mixer with intrinsic DSB receiver noise temperature of at most five times the quantum noise limit at frequencies as high as 2.24 THz
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Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 477
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Author Wright, E. L.; Reese, E. D.
Title Detection of the cosmic infrared background at 2.2 and 3.5 microns using DIRBE observations Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Astrophys. J. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 545 Issue 1 Pages 43-55
Keywords IR applications
Abstract
Address
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0004-637X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 486
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Author Saslaw, William C.
Title The distribution of the galaxies. Gravitational clustering in cosmology Type Book Whole
Year 2000 Publication Press syndicate of the University of Cambridge Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords astronomy
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 495
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Author Nagatsuma, T.; Hirata, A.; Royter, Y.; Shinagawa, M.; Furuta, T.; Ishibashi, T.; Ito, H.
Title A 120-GHz integrated photonic transmitter Type Conference Article
Year 2000 Publication Proc. International topical meeting on microwave photonics (MWP 2000) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 225 - 228
Keywords THz, teraherts communications, terahertz communication channel, photodiode, transmitter
Abstract A photonics-based 120-GHz transmitter has been developed. A photodiode, a planar antenna and a silicon lens were integrated to form a compact millimeter-wave (MMW) emitter. The MMW signal emitted from the transmitter has been detected with a waveguide-mounted Schottky diode. The received power exceeded 100 μW, which is the highest value ever reported for photonic MMW transmitter at frequencies of >100 GHz
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Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 595
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Author Il'in, K. S.; Lindgren, M.; Currie, M. A.; Semenov, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, Roman; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title Picosecond hot-electron energy relaxation in NbN superconducting photodetectors Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 76 Issue 19 Pages 2752-2754
Keywords NbN HEB detectors, two-temperature model, IF bandwidth
Abstract We report time-resolved characterization of superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors using an electro-optic sampling method. Our samples were patterned into micron-size microbridges from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films deposited on sapphire substrates. The devices were illuminated with 100 fs optical pulses, and the photoresponse was measured in the ambient temperature range between 2.15 and 10.6 K (superconducting temperature transition TC). The experimental data agreed very well with the nonequilibrium hot-electron, two-temperature model. The quasiparticle thermalization time was ambient temperature independent and was measured to be 6.5 ps. The inelastic electron–phonon scattering time Ï„e–ph tended to decrease with the temperature increase, although its change remained within the experimental error, while the phonon escape time Ï„es decreased almost by a factor of two when the sample was put in direct contact with superfluid helium. Specifically, Ï„e–ph and Ï„es, fitted by the two-temperature model, were equal to 11.6 and 21 ps at 2.15 K, and 10(±2) and 38 ps at 10.5 K, respectively. The obtained value of Ï„e–ph shows that the maximum intermediate frequency bandwidth of NbN hot-electron phonon-cooled mixers operating at TC can reach 16(+4/–3) GHz if one eliminates the bolometric phonon-heating effect.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 856
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Author
Title ГОСТ 2.711-82. ЕСКД. Схема деления изделия на составные части Type Book Whole
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords gost, detproj
Abstract
Address
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 859
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Author Khosropanah, P.; Merkel, H.; Yngvesson, S.; Adam, A.; Cherednichenko, S.; Kollberg, E.
Title A distributed device model for phonon-cooled HEB mixers predicting IV characteristics, gain, noise and IF bandwidth Type Conference Article
Year 2000 Publication Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 474-488
Keywords HEB mixer numerical model, diffusion cooling channel, diffusion channel, distributed HEB model, distributed model
Abstract A distributed model for phonon-cooled superconductor hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers is given, which is based on solving the one-dimensional heat balance equation for the electron temperature profile along the superconductor strip. In this model it is assumed that the LO power is absorbed uniformly along the bridge but the DC power absorption depends on the local resistivity and is thus not uniform. The electron temperature dependence of the resistivity is assumed to be continuous and has a Fermi form. These assumptions are used in setting up the non-linear heat balance equation, which is solved numerically for the electron temperature profile along the bolometer strip. Based on this profile the resistance of the device and the IV curves are calculated. The IV curves are in excellent agreement with measurement results. Using a small signal model the conversion gain of the mixer is obtained. The expressions for Johnson noise and thermal fluctuation noise are derived. The calculated results are in close agreement with measurements, provided that one of the parameters used is adjusted.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 893
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Author Leisawitz, David T.; Danchi, William C.; Dipirro, Michael J.; Feinberg, Lee D.; Gezari, Daniel Y.; Hagopian, Mike; Langer, William D.; Mather, John C.; Moseley, Jr. Samuel H.; Shao, Michael; Silverberg, Robert F.; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Swain, Mark R.; Yorke, Harold W.; Zhang, Xiaolei
Title Scientific motivation and technology requirements for the SPIRIT and SPECS far-infrared/submillimeter space interferometers Type Conference Article
Year 2000 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE
Volume 4013 Issue Pages 36-46
Keywords HEB applications
Abstract Far infrared interferometers in space would enable extraordinary measurements of the early universe, the formation of galaxies, stars, and planets, and would have great discovery potential. Since half the luminosity of the universe and 98% of the photons released since the Big Bang are now observable at far IR wavelengths (40 – 500 micrometers ), and the Earth's atmosphere prevents sensitive observations from the ground, this is one of the last unexplored frontiers of space astronomy. We present the engineering and technology requirements that stem from a set of compelling scientific goals and discuss possible configurations for two proposed NASA missions, the Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope and the Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 909
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Author Manus, M. K. Mc; Kash, J. A.; Steen, S. E.; Polonsky, S.; Tsang, J.C.; Knebel, D. R.; Huott, W.
Title PICA: Backside failure analysis of CMOS circuits using picosecond imaging circuit analysis Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Microelectronics Reliability Abbreviated Journal Microelectronics Reliability
Volume 40 Issue Pages 1353-1358
Keywords SSPD, CMOS testing
Abstract Normal operation of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices entails the emission of picosecond pulses of light, which can be used to diagnose circuit problems. The pulses that are observed from submicron sized field effect transistors (FETs) are synchronous with logic state switching. Picosecond Imaging Circuit Analysis (PICA), a new optical imaging technique combining imaging with timing, spatially resolves individual devices at the 0.5 micron level and switching events on a 10 picosecond timescale. PICA is used here for the diagnostics of failures on two VLSI microprocessors.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 1054
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Author Cherednichenko, S.; Rönnung, F.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kollberg, E.; Winkler, D.
Title YBa2Cu3O7−δ hot-electron bolometer mixer Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Phys. C: Supercond. Abbreviated Journal Phys. C: Supercond.
Volume 341-348 Issue Pages 2653-2654
Keywords YBCO HTS HEB mixers
Abstract We present an investigation of hot-electron bolometric mixer based on YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) superconducting thin film. Mixer conversion loss, absorbed local oscillator power and intermediate frequency bandwidth was measured at the local oscillator frequency 600 GHz. The fabrication technique for nanoscale YBCO hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer integrated into planar antenna structure is described.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0921-4534 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 1552
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Author Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Semenov, Alexei; Schubert, Josef; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Voronov, Boris; Gershenzon, Evgeni
Title Performance of the phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer between 0.7 THz and 5.2 THz Type Conference Article
Year 2000 Publication Proc. 8-th Int. Conf. on Terahertz Electronics Abbreviated Journal Proc. 8-th Int. Conf. on Terahertz Electronics
Volume Issue Pages 117-119
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract We report on the phonon cooled NbN hot electron bolometer as mixer in the terahertz frequency range. Its hybrid antenna consists of a hyperhemispheric silicon lens and a logarithmic-spiral feed antenna. Noise temperatures have been measured between 0.7 THz and 5.2 THz. A quarter wavelength layer of Parylene works as antireflection coating for the silicon lens and reduces the noise temperature by about 30. It was found that the antenna pattern at 2.5 THz is determined by the feed antenna and not by the diameter of the lens.
Address Darmstadt, Germany
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Area Expedition Conference International Conference on Terahertz Electronics [8th], Held inDarmstadt, Germany on 28-29 September 2000
Notes Approved no
Call Number (up) Serial 1553
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