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Gol’tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Seleznev, V.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K. |
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Title |
Middle-infrared ultrafast superconducting single photon detector |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
32nd IRMW / 15th ICTE |
Abbreviated Journal |
32nd IRMW / 15th ICTE |
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115-116 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present the results of the research on quantum efficiency of the ultrathin-film superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) in the wavelength rage from 1 mum to 5.7 mum. Reduction of operation temperature to 1.6 K allowed us to measure quantum efficiency of ~1 % at 5.7 mum wavelength with the SSPD made from 4-nm-thick NbN film. In a pursuit of further performance improvement we endeavored SSPD fabricating from 4-nm-thick MoRe film as an alternative material. The MoRe film exhibited transition temperature of 7.7K, critical current density at 4.2 K temperature was 1.1times10 6 A/cm 2 , and diffusivity 1.73 cmVs. The single-photon response was observed with MoRe SSPD at 1.3 mum wavelength with quantum efficiency estimated to be 0.04%. |
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1246 |
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Elvira, D.; Michon, A.; Fain, B.; Patriarche, G.; Beaudoin, G.; Robert-Philip, I.; Vachtomin, Y.; Divochiy, A. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sagnes, I.; Beveratos, A. |
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Title |
Time-resolved spectroscopy of InAsP/InP(001) quantum dots emitting near 2 μm |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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97 |
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13 |
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131907 (1 to 3) |
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SSPD, SNSPD, InAsP/InP quantum dots |
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By using superconducting single photon detectors, we perform time-resolved characterization of a small ensemble of InAsP/InP quantum dots grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy, emitting at wavelengths between 1.6 and 2.2 μm. We demonstrate that alloying phosphorus with InAs allows to shift the emission wavelength toward higher wavelengths, while keeping the high optical quality of these quantum dots at room temperature, with no decrease in their radiative lifetime. This work was partially supported by Russian Ministry of Science and Education: Federal State Program “Scientific and Educational Cadres of Innovative” state Contract Nos. 02.740.0228, 14.740.11.0343, 14.740.11.0269, and P931, and RFBR Project No. 09-02-12364. |
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0003-6951 |
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1238 |
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Bell, M.; Kaurova, N.; Divochiy, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Bird, J.; Sergeev, A.; Verevkin, A. |
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On the nature of resistive transition in disordered superconducting nanowires |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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17 |
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2 |
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267-270 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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Hot-electron single-photon counters based on long superconducting nanowires are starting to become popular in optical and infrared technologies due to their ultimately high sensitivity and very high response speed. We investigate intrinsic fluctuations in long NbN nanowires in the temperature range of 4.2 K-20 K, i.e. above and below the superconducting transition. These fluctuations are responsible for fluctuation resistivity and also determine the noise in practical devices. Measurements of the fluctuation resistivity were performed at low current densities and also in external magnetic fields up to 5 T. Above the BCS critical temperature T co the resistivity is well described by the Aslamazov-Larkin (AL) theory for two-dimensional samples. Below T co the measured resistivity is in excellent agreement with the Langer-Ambegaokar-McCumber-Halperin (LAMH) theory developed for one-dimensional superconductors. Despite that our nanowires of 100 nm width are two-dimensional with respect to the coherence length, our analysis shows that at relatively low current densities the one-dimensional LAMH mechanism based on thermally induced phase slip centers dominates over the two-dimensional mechanism related to unbinding of vortex-antivortex pairs below the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. |
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1051-8223 |
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1247 |
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Мошкова, М. А.; Дивочий, А. В.; Морозов, П. В.; Золотов, Ф. И.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Смирнов, К. В. |
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Высокоэффективные NBN однофотонные детекторы с разрешением числа фотонов |
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Conference Article |
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2018 |
Publication |
Сборн. науч. труд. VII международн. конф. по фотонике и информац. опт. |
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Сборн. науч. труд. VII международн. конф. по фотонике и информац. опт. |
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400-401 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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Разработаны и исследованы сверхпроводниковые однофотонные детекторы, способные к разрешению до 3-х фотонов в коротком импульсе излучения и имеющие квантовую эффективность детектирования одиночных фотонов ~60% на длине волны lambda=1.55 мкм. Проведенная модернизация технологии изготовления детекторов, позволила получить приемные устройства с мультифотонной квантовой эффективностью, приближающейся к расчетным значениям. |
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Russian |
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978-5-7262-2445-9 |
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УДК 535(06)+004(06) |
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1250 |
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Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
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NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector for mid-infrared |
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2012 |
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Phys. Procedia |
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Phys. Procedia |
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36 |
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72-76 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) is typically 100 nm-wide supercondiucting strip in a shape of meander made of 4-nm-thick film. To reduce response time and increase voltage response a parallel connection of the strips was proposed. Recently we demonstrated that reduction of the strip width improves the quantum effciency of such a detector at wavelengths longer than 1.5 μm. Being encourage by this progress in quantum effciency we improved the fabrication process and made parallel-wire SSPD with 40-nm-wide strips covering total area of 10 μm x 10 μm. In this paper we present the results of the characterization of such a parallel-wire SSPD at 10.6 μm wavelength and demonstrate linear dependence of the count rate on the light power as it should be in case of single-photon response. |
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1875-3892 |
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1382 |
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Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. |
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Superconducting single photon nanowire detectors development for IR and THz applications |
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2008 |
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J. Low Temp. Phys. |
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J. Low Temp. Phys. |
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151 |
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1-2 |
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591-596 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present our progress in the development of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on meander-shaped nanowires made from few-nm-thick superconducting films. The SSPDs are operated at a temperature of 2–4.2 K (well below T c ) being biased with a current very close to the nanowire critical current at the operation temperature. To date, the material of choice for SSPDs is niobium nitride (NbN). Developed NbN SSPDs are capable of single photon counting in the range from VIS to mid-IR (up to 6 μm) with a record low dark counts rate and record-high counting rate. The use of a material with a low transition temperature should shift the detectors sensitivity towards longer wavelengths. We present state-of-the art NbN SSPDs as well as the results of our recent approach to expand the developed SSPD technology by the use of superconducting materials with lower T c , such as molybdenum rhenium (MoRe). MoRe SSPDs first were made and tested; a single photon response was obtained. |
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0022-2291 |
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1244 |
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Minaeva, O.; Fraine, A.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Goltsman, G.; Sergienko, A. |
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High resolution optical time-domain reflectometry using superconducting single-photon detectors |
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Conference Article |
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2012 |
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Frontiers in Opt. 2012/Laser Sci. XXVIII |
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Frontiers in Opt. 2012/Laser Sci. XXVIII |
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Fw3a.39 |
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SSPD, SNSPD, Photodetectors; Fiber characterization; Light beams; Optical time domain reflectometry; Photon counting; Single mode fibers; Single photon detectors; Superconductors |
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We discuss the advantages and limitations of single-photon optical time-domain reflectometry with superconducting single-photon detectors. The higher two-point resolution can be achieved due to superior timing performance of SSPDs in comparison with InGaAs APDs. |
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Optical Society of America |
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1237 |
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Takemoto, K.; Nambu, Y.; Miyazawa, T.; Sakuma, Y.; Yamamoto, T.; Yorozu, S.; Arakawa, Y. |
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Quantum key distribution over 120 km using ultrahigh purity single-photon source and superconducting single-photon detectors |
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2015 |
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Sci. Rep. |
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5 |
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14383 |
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SSPD, SNSPD applications, quantum key distribution, QKD |
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Advances in single-photon sources (SPSs) and single-photon detectors (SPDs) promise unique applications in the field of quantum information technology. In this paper, we report long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) by using state-of-the-art devices: a quantum-dot SPS (QD SPS) emitting a photon in the telecom band of 1.5 μm and a superconducting nanowire SPD (SNSPD). At the distance of 100 km, we obtained the maximal secure key rate of 27.6 bps without using decoy states, which is at least threefold larger than the rate obtained in the previously reported 50-km-long QKD experiment. We also succeeded in transmitting secure keys at the rate of 0.307 bps over 120 km. This is the longest QKD distance yet reported by using known true SPSs. The ultralow multiphoton emissions of our SPS and ultralow dark count of the SNSPD contributed to this result. The experimental results demonstrate the potential applicability of QD SPSs to practical telecom QKD networks. |
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1104 |
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McCarthy, Aongus; Krichel, Nils J.; Gemmell, Nathan R.; Ren, Ximing; Tanner, Michael G.; Dorenbos, Sander N.; Zwiller, Val; Hadfield, Robert H.; Buller, Gerald S. |
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Kilometer-range, high resolution depth imaging via 1560 nm wavelength single-photon detection |
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2013 |
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Opt. Express |
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Opt. Express |
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21 |
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7 |
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8904-8915 |
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SSPD, SNSPD, lidar, SSPD applications, SNSPD applications |
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This paper highlights a significant advance in time-of-flight depth imaging: by using a scanning transceiver which incorporated a free-running, low noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, we were able to obtain centimeter resolution depth images of low-signature objects in daylight at stand-off distances of the order of one kilometer at the relatively eye-safe wavelength of 1560 nm. The detector used had an efficiency of 18% at 1 kHz dark count rate, and the overall system jitter was ~100 ps. The depth images were acquired by illuminating the scene with an optical output power level of less than 250 µW average, and using per-pixel dwell times in the millisecond regime. |
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Shcheslavskiy, V.; Morozov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Vakhtomin, Yu.; Smirnov, K.; Becker, W. |
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Ultrafast time measurements by time-correlated single photon counting coupled with superconducting single photon detector |
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2016 |
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Rev. Sci. Instrum. |
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87 |
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053117 (1 to 5) |
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SSPD, SNSPD, TCSPC, jitter |
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Time resolution is one of the main characteristics of the single photon detectors besides quantum efficiency and dark count rate. We demonstrate here an ultrafast time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) setup consisting of a newly developed single photon counting board SPC-150NX and a superconducting NbN single photon detector with a sensitive area of 7 × 7 μm. The combination delivers a record instrument response function with a full width at half maximum of 17.8 ps and system quantum efficiency ~5% at wavelength of 1560 nm. A calculation of the root mean square value of the timing jitter for channels with counts more than 1% of the peak value yielded about 7.6 ps. The setup has also good timing stability of the detector–TCSPC board. |
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