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Semenov, A. V., Devyatov, I. A., Ryabchun, S. A., Maslennikov, S. N., Maslennikova, A. S., Larionov, P. A., et al. (2011). Absorption of terahertz electromagnetic radiation in dirty superconducting film at arbitrary type of the spectral functions. Rus. J. Radio Electron., (10).
Abstract: A problem of absorption of high-frequency electromagnetic field in dirty superconductor is treated within Keldysh technic. Expression for the source term in the kinetic equation for quasiparticle distribution function is derived. The result is significant for deriving a consistent microscopic theory of superconducting detectors for terahertz frequency range, perspective detectors on kinetic inductance of current-biased superconducting strip and on Josephson inductance of tunnel.
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Vorobyov, V. V., Kazakov, A. Y., Soshenko, V. V., Korneev, A. A., Shalaginov, M. Y., Bolshedvorskii, S. V., et al. (2017). Superconducting detector for visible and near-infrared quantum emitters [Invited]. Opt. Mater. Express, 7(2), 513–526.
Abstract: Further development of quantum emitter based communication and sensing applications intrinsically depends on the availability of robust single-photon detectors. Here, we demonstrate a new generation of superconducting single-photon detectors specifically optimized for the 500–1100 nm wavelength range, which overlaps with the emission spectrum of many interesting solid-state atom-like systems, such as nitrogen-vacancy and silicon-vacancy centers in diamond. The fabricated detectors have a wide dynamic range (up to 350 million counts per second), low dark count rate (down to 0.1 counts per second), excellent jitter (62 ps), and the possibility of on-chip integration with a quantum emitter. In addition to performance characterization, we tested the detectors in real experimental conditions involving nanodiamond nitrogen-vacancy emitters enhanced by a hyperbolic metamaterial.
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Florya, I. N., Korneeva, Y. P., Sidorova, M. V., Golikov, A. D., Gaiduchenko, I. A., Fedorov, G. E., et al. (2015). Energy relaxtation and hot spot formation in superconducting single photon detectors SSPDs. In EPJ Web of Conferences (Vol. 103, 10004 (1 to 2)).
Abstract: We have studied the mechanism of energy relaxation and resistive state formation after absorption of a single photon for different wavelengths and materials of single photon detectors. Our results are in good agreement with the hot spot model.
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Huebers, H. - W., Schubert, J., Semenov, A., Gol’tsman, G. N., Voronov, B. M., Gershenzon, E. M., et al. (1999). NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer as a mixer for THz heterodyne receivers. In J. M. Chamberlain (Ed.), Proc. SPIE (Vol. 3828, pp. 410–416). Spie.
Abstract: We have investigated a phonon-cooled NbN hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixer in the frequency range from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. The device was a 3.5 nm thin film with an in- plane dimension of 1.7 X 0.2 micrometers 2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. The measured DSB receiver noise temperatures are 1500 K, 2200 K, 2600 K, 2900 K, 4000 K, 5600 K and 8800 K. The sensitivity fluctuation, the long term stability, and the antenna pattern were measured and the suitability of the mixer for a practical heterodyne receiver is discussed.
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Moskotin, M. V., Gayduchenko, I. A., Goltsman, G. N., Titova, N., Voronov, B. M., Fedorov, G. F., et al. (2018). Bolometric effect for detection of sub-THz radiation with devices based on carbon nanotubes. In J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. (Vol. 1124, 051050 (1 to 5)).
Abstract: In this work we investigate the response on THz radiation of a FET device based on an individual carbon nanotube conductance channel. It was already shown, that the response of such devices can be either of diode rectification origin or of thermoelectric effect origin or of their combination. In this work we demonstrate that at 77K and 8K temperatures strong bolometric effect also makes a significant contribution to the response.
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Tretyakov, I. V., Anfertyev, V. A., Revin, L. S., Kaurova, N. S., Voronov, B. M., Vaks, V. L., et al. (2018). Sensitivity and resolution of a heterodyne receiver based on the NbN HEB mixer with a quantum-cascade laser as a local oscillator. Radiophys. Quant. Electron., 60(12), 988–992.
Abstract: We present the results of experimental studies of the basic characteristics and operation features of a terahertz heterodyne detector based on the superconducting NbN HEB mixer and a quantum cascade laser as a local oscillator operating at a frequency of 2.02 THz. The measured noise temperature of such a mixer amounted to 1500 K. The spectral resolution of the detector is determined by the width of the local-oscillator spectral line whose measured value does not exceed 1 MHz. The quantum-cascade laser could be linearly tuned with respect to frequency with the coefficient 7.2 MHz/mA within the limits of the current oscillation bandwidth.
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Tretyakov, I., Kaurova, N., Voronov, B. M., & Goltsman, G. N. (2018). About effect of the temperature operating conditions on the noise temperature and noise bandwidth of the terahertz range NbN hot-electron bolometers. In Proc. 29th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (113).
Abstract: Results of an experimental study of the noise temperature (Tn) and noise bandwidth (NBW) of the superconductor NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer as a function of its temperature (Tb) and NbN bridge length are presented. It was determined that the NBW of the mixer is significantly wider at temperatures close to the critical ones (Tc) than are values measured at 4.2 K. The NBW of the mixer measured at the heterodyne frequency of 2.5 THz at temperature Tb close to Tc was ~13 GHz, as compared with 6 GHz at Tb = 4.2 K. This experiment clearly demonstrates the limitation of the thermal flow from the NbN bridge at Tb ≪ Tc for mixers manufactured by the in situ technique. This limitation is close in its nature to the Andreev reflection on the superconductor/metal boundary. In this case, the noise temperature of the studied mixer increased from 1100 to 3800 K.
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Gayduchenko, I. A., Fedorov, G. E., Stepanova, T. S., Titova, N., Voronov, B. M., But, D., et al. (2016). Asymmetric devices based on carbon nanotubes as detectors of sub-THz radiation. In J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. (Vol. 741, 012143 (1 to 6)).
Abstract: Demand for efficient terahertz (THz) radiation detectors resulted in intensive study of the asymmetric carbon nanostructures as a possible solution for that problem. In this work, we systematically investigate the response of asymmetric carbon nanodevices to sub-terahertz radiation using different sensing elements: from dense carbon nanotube (CNT) network to individual CNT. We conclude that the detectors based on individual CNTs both semiconducting and quasi-metallic demonstrate much stronger response in sub-THz region than detectors based on disordered CNT networks at room temperature. We also demonstrate the possibility of using asymmetric detectors based on CNT for imaging in the THz range at room temperature. Further optimization of the device configuration may result in appearance of novel terahertz radiation detectors.
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Fedorov, G. E., Gaiduchenko, I. A., Golikov, A. D., Rybin, M. G., Obraztsova, E. D., Voronov, B. M., et al. (2015). Response of graphene based gated nanodevices exposed to THz radiation. In EPJ Web of Conferences (Vol. 103, 10003 (1 to 2)).
Abstract: In this work we report on the response of asymmetric graphene based devices to subterahertz and terahertz radiation. Our devices are made in a configuration of a field-effect transistor with conduction channel between the source and drain electrodes formed with a CVD-grown graphene. The radiation is coupled through a spiral antenna to source and top gate electrodes. Room temperature responsivity of our devices is close to the values that are attractive for commercial applications. Further optimization of the device configuration may result in appearance of novel terahertz radiation detectors.
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Fedorov, G., Kardakova, A., Gayduchenko, I., Voronov, B. M., Finkel, M., Klapwijk, T. M., et al. (2014). Photothermoelectric response in asymmetric carbon nanotube devices exposed to sub-THz radiation. In Proc. 25th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (71).
Abstract: This work reports on the voltage response of asymmetric carbon nanotube devices to sub-THz radiation at the frequency of 140 GHz. The devices contain CNT’s, which are over their length partially suspended and partially Van der Waals bonded to a SiO 2 substrate, causing a difference in thermal contact. Different heat sinking of CNTs by source and drain gives rise to temperature gradient and consequent thermoelectric power (TEP) as such a device is exposed to the sub-THz radiation. Sign of the DC signal, its power and gate voltage dependence observed at room temperature are consistent with this scenario. At liquid helium temperature the observed response is more complex. DC voltage signal of an opposite sign is observed in a narrow range of gate voltages at low temperatures and under low radiation power. We argue that this may indicate a true photovoltaic response from small gap (less than 10meV) CNT’s, an effect never reported before. While it is not clear if the observed effects can be used to develop efficient THz detectors we note that the responsivity of our devices exceeds that of CNT based devices in microwave or THz range reported before at room temperature. Besides at 4.2 K notable increase of the sample conductance (at least four-fold) is observed. Our recent results with asymmetric carbon nanotube devices response to THz radiation (2.5 THz) will also be presented.
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