Records |
Author |
Jackson, B. D.; Baryshev, A. M.; de Lange, G.; Gao, J. R.; Shitov, S. V.; Iosad, N. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
Title |
Low-noise 1 THz superconductor-insulator-superconductor mixer incorporating a NbTiN/SiO2/Al tuning circuit |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
79 |
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3 |
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436 |
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RPLAB @ s @ sis_Jackson_2001 |
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314 |
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Gao, G. R.; Hovenier, J. N.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Hajenius, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Adam, A. J. L.; Klaassen, T. O.; Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Hu, Q.; Reno, J. L. |
Title |
A novel terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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19-23 |
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Göteborg, Sweden |
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RPLAB @ s @ qc_lasers_gao_isstt16 |
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367 |
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Gao, J. R.; Hovenier, J. N.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Hajenius, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Adam, A. J. L.; Klaassen, T. O.; Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Hu, Q.; Reno, J. L. |
Title |
Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
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Issue |
86 |
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art.num. 244104 |
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RPLAB @ s @ qc_lasers_gao |
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368 |
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Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Kooi, J. W.; Jellema, W.; Yang, Z. Q. |
Title |
Full characterization and analysis of a terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a NbN hot electron bolometer |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
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Volume |
100 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
074507 |
Keywords |
HEB |
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0021-8979 |
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RPLAB @ s @ |
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385 |
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Author |
Dorenbos, S. N.; Reiger, E. M.; Perinetti, U.; Zwiller, V.; Zijlstra, T.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
Title |
Low noise superconducting single photon detectors on silicon |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
93 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
131101 |
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0003-6951 |
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RPLAB @ s @ |
Serial |
436 |
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Author |
Kooi, J. W.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Dieleman, P.; Baryshev, A.; de Lange, G. |
Title |
IF impedance and mixer gain of NbN hot electron bolometers |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
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Volume |
101 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
044511 |
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0021-8979 |
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RPLAB @ s @ |
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445 |
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Author |
Kardakova, A.; Finkel, M.; Morozov, D.; Kovalyuk, V.; An, P.; Dunscombe, C.; Tarkhov, M.; Mauskopf, P.; Klapwijk, T.M.; Goltsman, G. |
Title |
The electron-phonon relaxation time in thin superconducting titanium nitride films |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
103 |
Issue |
25 |
Pages |
252602 (1 to 4) |
Keywords |
disordered TiN films, electron-phonon relaxation time |
Abstract |
We report on the direct measurement of the electron-phonon relaxation time, τeph, in disordered TiN films. Measured values of τeph are from 5.5 ns to 88 ns in the 4.2 to 1.7 K temperature range and consistent with a T−3 temperature dependence. The electronic density of states at the Fermi level N0 is estimated from measured material parameters. The presented results confirm that thin TiN films are promising candidate-materials for ultrasensitive superconducting detectors.
The work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Contract No. 14.B25.31.0007 and by the RFBR Grant No. 13-02-91159. |
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RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ |
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941 |
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Tanner, M. G.; Natarajan, C. M.; Pottapenjara, V. K.; O'Connor, J. A.; Warburton, R. J.; Hadfield, R. H.; Baek, B.; Nam, S.; Dorenbos, S. N.; Bermúdez Ureña, E.; Zijlstra, T.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Zwiller, V. |
Title |
Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
96 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
3 |
Keywords |
SNSPD |
Abstract |
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have emerged as a highly promising infrared single-photon detector technology. Next-generation devices are being developed with enhanced detection efficiency (DE) at key technological wavelengths via the use of optical cavities. Furthermore, new materials and substrates are being explored for improved fabrication versatility, higher DE, and lower dark counts. We report on the practical performance of packaged NbTiN SNSPDs fabricated on oxidized silicon substrates in the wavelength range from 830 to 1700 nm. We exploit constructive interference from the SiO2/Si interface in order to achieve enhanced front-side fiber-coupled DE of 23.2 % at 1310 nm, at 1 kHz dark count rate, with 60 ps full width half maximum timing jitter. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
Serial |
655 |
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Author |
Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Khosropanah, P.; Barends, R.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
Title |
Terahertz superconducting hot electron bolometer heterodyne receivers |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
252-258 |
Keywords |
HEB, mixer, direct detection effect |
Abstract |
We highlight the progress on NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers achieved through fruitful collaboration between SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research and Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands. This includes the best receiver noise temperatures of 700 K at 1.63 THz using a twin-slot antenna mixer and 1050 K at 2.84 THz using a spiral antenna coupled HEB mixer. The mixers are based on thin NbN films on Si and fabricated with a new contact-process and-structure. By reducing their areas HEB mixers have shown an LO power requirement as low as 30 nW. Those small HEB mixers have demonstrated equivalent sensitivity as those with large areas provided the direct detection effect due to broadband radiation is removed. To manifest that a HEB based heterodyne receiver can in practice be used at arbitrary frequencies above 2 THz, we demonstrate a 2.8 THz receiver using a THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) as local oscillator. |
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1051-8223 |
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RPLAB @ asmirn @ |
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557 |
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Finkel, M.; Thierschmann, H. R.; Galatro, L.; Katan, A. J.; Thoen, D. J.; de Visser, P. J.; Spirito, M.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
Title |
Branchline and directional THz coupler based on PECVD SiNx-technology |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
41st IRMMW-THz |
Abbreviated Journal |
41st IRMMW-THz |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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microstrip, fixtures, coplanar waveguides, couplers, standards, probes, dielectrics |
Abstract |
A fabrication technology to realize THz microstrip lines and passive circuit components is developed and tested making use of a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition grown silicon nitride (PECVD SiNx) dielectric membrane. We use 2 μm thick SiNx and 300 nm thick gold layers on sapphire substrates. We fabricate a set of structures for thru-reflect-line (TRL) calibration, with the reflection standard implemented as a short through the via. We find losses of 9.5 dB/mm at 300 GHz for a 50 Ohm line. For a branchline coupler we measure 2.5 dB insertion loss, 1 dB amplitude imbalance and 21 dB isolation. Good control over the THz lines parameters is proven by similar performance of a set of 5 structures. The directional couplers show -14 dB transmission to the coupled port, -24 dB to the isolated port and -25 dB in reflection. The SiNx membrane, used as a dielectric, is compatible with atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers allowing the application of this technology to the development of a THz near-field microscope. |
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2162-2035 |
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978-1-4673-8485-8 |
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7758586 |
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1295 |
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Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
Title |
Low noise NbN superconducting hot electron bolometer mixers at 1.9 and 2.5 THz |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume |
17 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
S224-S228 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers (HEBs) have been realized with negligible contact resistance between the bolometer itself and the contact structure. Using a combination of in situ cleaning of the NbN film and the use of an additional superconducting interlayer of a 10 nm NbTiN layer between the Au of the contact structure and the NbN film superior noise temperatures have been obtained as low as 950 K at 2.5 THz and 750 K at 1.9 THz. Here we address in detail the DC characterization of these devices, the interface transparencies between the bolometers and the contacts and the consequences of these factors on the mixer performance. |
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0953-2048 |
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558 |
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Baselmans, J.; Kooi, J.; Baryshev, A.; Yang, Z. Q.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
Title |
Full characterization of small volume NbN HEB mixers for space applications |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
457-462 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
NbN phonon cooled HEB’s are one of the most promising bolometer mixer technologies for (near) future (space) applications. Their performance is usually quantified by mea- suring the receiver noise temperature at a given IF frequency, usually around 1 – 2 GHz. However, for any real applications it is vital that one fully knows all the relevant properties of the mixer, including LO power, stability, direct detection, gain bandwidth and noise bandwidth, not only the noise temperature at low IF frequencies. To this aim we have measured all these parameters at the optimal operating point of one single, small volume quasioptical NbN HEB mixer. We find a minimum noise temperature of 900 K at 1.46 THz. We observe a direct detection effect indicated by a change in bias current when changing from a 300 K hot load to a 77 K cold load. Due to this effect we overestimate the noise temperature by about 22% using a 300 K hot load and a 77 K cold load. The LO power needed to reach the optimal operating point is 80 nW at the receiver lens front, 59 nW inside the NbN bridge. However, using the isothermal technique we find a power absorbed in the NbN bridge of 25 nW, a difference of about a factor 2. We obtain a gain bandwidth of 2.3 GHz and a noise bandwidth of 4 GHz. The system Allan time is about 1 sec. in a 50 MHz spectral bandwidth and a deviation from white noise integration (governed by the radiometer equation) occurs at 0.2 sec., which implies a maximum integration time of a few seconds in a 1 MHz bandwidth spectrometer. |
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Göteborg, Sweden |
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363 |
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Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Reker, S. F.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Vahtomin, Yu.; Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
Title |
Direct detection effect in small volume hot electron bolometer mixers |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
86 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
163503 (1 to 3) |
Keywords |
HEB, mixer, direct detection effect |
Abstract |
We measure the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm)(0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electronbolometermixer at 1.6THz1.6THz. We find that the small signal sensitivity of the receiver is underestimated by 35% due to the direct detection effect and that the optimal operating point is shifted to higher bias voltages when using calibration loads of 300K300K and 77K77K. Using a 200GHz200GHzbandpass filter at 4.2K4.2K the direct detection effect virtually disappears. This has important implications for the calibration procedure of these receivers in real telescope systems. |
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377 |
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de Lange, G.; Kuipers, J. J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Panhuyzen, R. A.; van de Stadt, H.; de Graauw, M. W. M. |
Title |
Superconducting resonator circuits at frequencies above the gap frequency |
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Journal Article |
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1995 |
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J. Appl. Phys. |
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77 |
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4 |
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1795-1804 |
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257 |
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Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Laauwen, W. M.; Hajenius, M; Klapwijk, T. M. |
Title |
Low noise NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 4.3 THz |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
91 |
Issue |
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Pages |
221111 (1 to 3) |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, NbN, contacts cleaning |
Abstract |
We have studied the sensitivity of a superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer mixer integrated with a spiral antenna at 4.3 THz. Using hot/cold blackbody loads and a beam splitter all in vacuum, we measured a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1300 K at the optimum local oscillator (LO) power of 330 nW, which is about 12 times the quantum noise (hnu/2kB). Our result indicates that there is no sign of degradation of the mixing process at the superterahertz frequencies. Moreover, a measurement method is introduced which allows us for an accurate determination of the sensitivity despite LO power fluctuations. |
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