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Author | Smirnov, A. V.; Larionov, P. A.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | NbZr films for THz phonon-cooled HEB mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Proc. 19th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 19th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 44-47 | ||
Keywords | HEB, NbZr, material search | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Groningen, Netherlands | Editor | ||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 577 | |||
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Author | Divochiy, Aleksander; Marsili, Francesco; Bitauld, David; Gaggero, Alessandro; Leoni, Roberto; Mattioli, Francesco; Korneev, Alexander; Seleznev, Vitaliy; Kaurova, Nataliya; Minaeva, Olga; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Lagoudakis, Konstantinos G.; Benkhaoul, Moushab; Lévy, Francis; Fiore, Andrea | ||||
Title | Superconducting nanowire photon-number-resolving detector at telecommunication wavelengths | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Nat. Photon. | Abbreviated Journal | Nat. Photon. |
Volume | 2 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 302-306 |
Keywords | SSPD, photon-number-resolving | ||||
Abstract | Optical-to-electrical conversion, which is the basis of the operation of optical detectors, can be linear or nonlinear. When high sensitivities are needed, single-photon detectors are used, which operate in a strongly nonlinear mode, their response being independent of the number of detected photons. However, photon-number-resolving detectors are needed, particularly in quantum optics, where n-photon states are routinely produced. In quantum communication and quantum information processing, the photon-number-resolving functionality is key to many protocols, such as the implementation of quantum repeaters1 and linear-optics quantum computing2. A linear detector with single-photon sensitivity can also be used for measuring a temporal waveform at extremely low light levels, such as in long-distance optical communications, fluorescence spectroscopy and optical time-domain reflectometry. We demonstrate here a photon-number-resolving detector based on parallel superconducting nanowires and capable of counting up to four photons at telecommunication wavelengths, with an ultralow dark count rate and high counting frequency. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 916 | |||
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Author | Tarkhov, M.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J. Ph.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast reset time of superconducting single photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 92 | Issue | 24 | Pages | 241112 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 429 | |||
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Author | Baselmans, J.; Kooi, J.; Baryshev, A.; Yang, Z. Q.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Full characterization of small volume NbN HEB mixers for space applications | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 457-462 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | NbN phonon cooled HEB’s are one of the most promising bolometer mixer technologies for (near) future (space) applications. Their performance is usually quantified by mea- suring the receiver noise temperature at a given IF frequency, usually around 1 – 2 GHz. However, for any real applications it is vital that one fully knows all the relevant properties of the mixer, including LO power, stability, direct detection, gain bandwidth and noise bandwidth, not only the noise temperature at low IF frequencies. To this aim we have measured all these parameters at the optimal operating point of one single, small volume quasioptical NbN HEB mixer. We find a minimum noise temperature of 900 K at 1.46 THz. We observe a direct detection effect indicated by a change in bias current when changing from a 300 K hot load to a 77 K cold load. Due to this effect we overestimate the noise temperature by about 22% using a 300 K hot load and a 77 K cold load. The LO power needed to reach the optimal operating point is 80 nW at the receiver lens front, 59 nW inside the NbN bridge. However, using the isothermal technique we find a power absorbed in the NbN bridge of 25 nW, a difference of about a factor 2. We obtain a gain bandwidth of 2.3 GHz and a noise bandwidth of 4 GHz. The system Allan time is about 1 sec. in a 50 MHz spectral bandwidth and a deviation from white noise integration (governed by the radiometer equation) occurs at 0.2 sec., which implies a maximum integration time of a few seconds in a 1 MHz bandwidth spectrometer. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Göteborg, Sweden | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 363 | |||
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Author | Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Smirnov, K. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Korotetskaya, Yu. P.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Hot electron bolometer mixer for 20 – 40 THz frequency range | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 393-397 | ||
Keywords | IR NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | The developed HEB mixer was based on a 5 nm thick NbN film deposited on a GaAs substrate. The active area of the film was patterned as a 30×20 μm 2 strip and coupled with a 50 Ohm coplanar line deposited in situ. An extended hemispherical germanium lens was used to focus the LO radiation on the mixer. The responsivity of the mixer was measured in a direct detection mode in the 25÷64 THz frequency range. The noise performance of the mixer and the directivity of the receiver were investigated in a heterodyne mode. A 10.6 μm wavelength CW CO 2 laser was utilized as a local oscillator. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Göteborg, Sweden | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 369 | |||
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Author | Loudkov, D.; Tong, C. Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | An investigation of the performance of the superconducting HEB슠mixer as a function of its RF슠embedding impedance | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 472-475 |
Keywords | HEB mixer | ||||
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Publisher | IEEE | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 371 | |||
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Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Reker, S. F.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Vahtomin, Yu.; Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Direct detection effect in small volume hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 86 | Issue | 16 | Pages | 163503 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | HEB, mixer, direct detection effect | ||||
Abstract | We measure the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm)(0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electronbolometermixer at 1.6THz1.6THz. We find that the small signal sensitivity of the receiver is underestimated by 35% due to the direct detection effect and that the optimal operating point is shifted to higher bias voltages when using calibration loads of 300K300K and 77K77K. Using a 200GHz200GHzbandpass filter at 4.2K4.2K the direct detection effect virtually disappears. This has important implications for the calibration procedure of these receivers in real telescope systems. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 377 | |||
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Author | Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Terahertz heterodyne receivers based on superconductive hot-electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Volume | 48 | Issue | 10-11 | Pages | 859-864 |
Keywords | HEB, applications | ||||
Abstract | We consider recent results in development of hot-electron bolometer mixers. Special attention is paid to optimization of the contacts between the antenna and the active area of a superconducting film. An important result in the study of the parasitic effect of direct detection is obtained during the measurement of the noise temperatures by the hot/cold load method. The latest results of studies of the waveguide hot-electron bolometer mixers and their successful practical applications are considered. Progress in development of high-frequency (over 1.3 THz) heterodyne receivers for several important international projects is discussed and new submillimeter radio astronomy projects ESPRIT and SAFIR are described. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0033-8443 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 381 | |||
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Author | Финкель, М. И.; Масленников, С. Н.; Гольцман, Г. Н. | ||||
Title | Супергетеродинные терагерцовые приёмники со сверхпроводниковым смесителем на электронном разогреве | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Известия высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 48 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 964-970 |
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Language | russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Duplicated as 381 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 380 | |||
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Author | Sobolewski, Roman; Xu, Ying; Zheng, Xuemei; Williams, Carlo; Zhang, Jin; Verevkin, Aleksandr; Chulkova, Galina; Korneev, Alexander; Lipatov, Andrey; Okunev, Oleg; Smirnov, Konstantin; Gol'tsman, Gregory N. | ||||
Title | Spectral sensitivity of the NbN single-photon superconducting detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | IEICE Trans. Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | IEICE Trans. Electron. |
Volume | E85-C | Issue | 3 | Pages | 797-802 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We report our studies on the spectral sensitivity of superconducting NbN thin-film single-photon detectors (SPD's) capable of GHz counting rates of visible and near-infrared photons. In particular, it has been shown that a NbN SPD is sensitive to 1.55-µm wavelength radiation and can be used for quantum communication. Our SPD's exhibit experimentally measured intrinsic quantum efficiencies from 20% at 800 nm up to 1% at 1.55-µm wavelength. The devices demonstrate picosecond response time (<100 ps, limited by our readout system) and negligibly low dark counts. Spectral dependencies of photon counting of continuous-wave, 0.4-µm to 3.5-µm radiation, and 0.63-µm, 1.33-µm, and 1.55-µm laser-pulsed radiations are presented for the single-stripe-type and meander-type devices. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1531 | |||
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Author | Корнеев, А. А.; Минаева, О.; Рубцова, И.; Милостная, И.; Чулкова, Г.; Воронов, Б.; Смирнов, К.; Селезнёв, В.; Гольцман, Г.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Cross, A.; Alvarez, P.; Верёвкин, А.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Сверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор на основе ультратонкой пленки NbN | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Квантовая электроника | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 35 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 698-700 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Представлены результаты исследований сверхпроводящих однофотонных детекторов, изготовленных из ультратонкой пленки NbN. Развитие технологического процесса изготовления детекторов, а также снижение рабочей температуры до 2 К позволили существенно увеличить квантовую эффективность: для видимого света (λ = 0.56 мкм) она составила 30%–40%, т.е. достигла предела, определяемого коэффициентом поглощения пленки. С ростом длины волны квантовая эффективность экспоненциально падает, составляя ~20% на λ=1.55 мкм и ~0.02% на λ = 5 мкм. При скорости темнового счета ~10-4s-1 экспериментально измеренная эквивалентная мощность шума составила 1.5 × 10-20 Вт/Гц-1/2; в дальнейшем она может быть уменьшена до рекордно низкого значения 5 × 10-21 Вт/Гц-1/2. Временное разрешение детектора равно 30 пс. | ||||
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Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Duplicated as 383 (Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detector) | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 382 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Seleznev, V.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Cross, A.; Alvarez, P.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Quantum Electronics | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 35 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 698-700 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detectors are studied. The development of manufacturing technology of detectors and the reduction of their operating temperature down to 2 K resulted in a considerable increase in their quantum efficiency, which reached in the visible region (at 0.56 μm) 30%—40%, i.e., achieved the limit determined by the absorption coefficient of the film. The quantum efficiency exponentially decreases with increasing wavelength, being equal to ~20% at 1.55 μm and ~0.02% at 5 μm. For the dark count rate of ~10-4s-1, the experimental equivalent noise power was 1.5×10-20 W Hz-1/2; it can be decreased in the future down to the record low value of 5×10-21 W Hz-1/2. The time resolution of the detector is 30 ps. | ||||
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Notes | Сверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор на основе ультратонкой пленки NbN | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 383 | |||
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Author | Maslennikov, S. N.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Zhang, W.; Ozhegov, R.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Smirnov, K. V.; Korotetskaya, Yu. P.; Kaurova, N. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
Title | Spiral antenna coupled and directly coupled NbN HEB mixers in the frequency range from 1 to 70 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 177-179 | ||
Keywords | directly coupled NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We investigate both antenna coupled and directly coupled HEB mixers at several LO frequencies within the range of 2.5 THz to 70 THz. H20 (2.5+10.7 THz), and CO2 (30 THz) gas discharge lasers are used as the local oscillators. The noise temperature of antenna coupled mixers is measured at LO frequencies of 2.5 THz, 3.8 THz, and 30 THz. The results for both antenna coupled and directly coupled mixer types are compared. The devices with in—plane dimensions of 5x5 ,um 2 are pumped by LO radiation at 10.7 THz. The directly coupled HEB demonstrates nearly flat dependence of responsivity on frequency in the range of 25+64 THz. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Paris, France | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 386 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Antipov, A.; Divochiy, A.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pan, D.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Middle-infrared to visible-light ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. ASC | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ SSPD_cavity_ASC | Serial | 389 | ||
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Author | Rosfjord, Kristine M.; Yang, Joel K. W.; Dauler, Eric A.; Kerman, Andrew J.; Vikas Anant; Voronov, Boris M.; Gol'tsman, Gregory N.; Berggren, Karl K. | ||||
Title | Nanowire Single-photon detector with an integrated optical cavity and anti-reflection coating | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
Volume | 14 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 527-534 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, cavity | ||||
Abstract | We have fabricated and tested superconducting single-photon detectors and demonstrated detection efficiencies of 57% at 1550-nm wavelength and 67% at 1064 nm. In addition to the peak detection efficiency, a median detection efficiency of 47.7% was measured over 132 devices at 1550 nm. These measurements were made at 1.8K, with each device biased to 97.5% of its critical current. The high detection efficiencies resulted from the addition of an optical cavity and anti-reflection coating to a nanowire photodetector, creating an integrated nanoelectrophotonic device with enhanced performance relative to the original device. Here, the testing apparatus and the fabrication process are presented. The detection efficiency of devices before and after the addition of optical elements is also reported. | ||||
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ISSN | 1094-4087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:19503367 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 388 | |||
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Author | Delacour, C.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J.-Ph.; Pannetier, B.; Bouchiat, V.; de Lamaestre, R. Espiau; Villegier, J.-C.; Tarkhov, M.; Korneev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation with an atomic force microscope | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 90 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 191116 (1 t0 3) |
Keywords | SSPD | ||||
Abstract | The authors present a fabrication technique of superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation of niobium nitride ultrathin films. Narrow superconducting meander lines are obtained by direct writing of insulating niobium oxynitride lines through the films using voltage-biased tip of an atomic force microscope. Due to the 30nm resolution of the lithographic technique, the filling factor of the meander line can be made substantially higher than detector of similar geometry made by electron beam lithography, thus leading to increased quantum efficiency. Single photon detection regime of these devices is demonstrated at 4.2K. The authors thank J.-P. Maneval for stimulating discussions. This work has been partly supported by ACI Nanoscience from French Ministry of Research, D.G.A., by Grant No. 02.445.11.7434 of Russian Ministry of Education and Science, and by the European Commission under project “SINPHONIA,” Contract No. NMP4-CT-2005-16433. |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 423 | |||
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Author | Smirnov, K.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Divochiy, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Ryabchun, S.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Polonsky, S. | ||||
Title | Ultrathin NbN film superconducting single-photon detector array | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 61 | Issue | Pages | 1081-1085 | |
Keywords | SSPD array | ||||
Abstract | We report on the fabrication process of the 2 × 2 superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) array. The SSPD array is made from ultrathin NbN film and is operated at liquid helium temperatures. Each detector is a nanowire-based structure patterned by electron beam lithography process. The advances in fabrication technology allowed us to produce highly uniform strips and preserve superconducting properties of the unpatterned film. SSPD exhibit up to 30% quantum efficiency in near infrared and up to 1% at 5-μm wavelength. Due to 120 MHz counting rate and 18 ps jitter, the time-domain multiplexing read-out is proposed for large scale SSPD arrays. Single-pixel SSPD has already found a practical application in non-invasive testing of semiconductor very-large scale integrated circuits. The SSPD significantly outperformed traditional single-photon counting avalanche diodes. | ||||
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ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 408 | |||
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Author | Гершензон, Е. М.; Гершензон, М. Е.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Семенов, А. Д.; Сергеев, А. В. | ||||
Title | Неселективное воздействие электромагнитного излучения на сверхпроводящую пленку в резистивном состоянии | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1982 | Publication | Письма в ЖЭТФ | Abbreviated Journal | Письма в ЖЭТФ |
Volume | 36 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 241-244 |
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Language | russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Duplicated as 1717 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | MSPU @ s @ | Serial | 225 | ||
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Author | Гершензон, Е. М. | ||||
Title | Воздействие электромагнитного излучения на сверхпроводящую плёнку ниобия в резистивном состоянии | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1982 | Publication | Тезисы докладов 22 Всесоюзной конференции по физике низких температур | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 79-80 | ||
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Language | russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 231 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S.; Potoskuev, S. E. | ||||
Title | Intense electromagnetic radiation heating of electrons of a superconductor in the resistive state | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. |
Volume | 14 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 414-420 |
Keywords | HEB | ||||
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Notes | Duplicated as 1697 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 236 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. | ||||
Title | Limiting characteristic of fast superconducting bolometers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1989 | Publication | Sov. Phys.-Tech. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. Phys.-Tech. Phys. |
Volume | 34 | Issue | Pages | 195-199 | |
Keywords | HEB | ||||
Abstract | Теоретически и экспериментально исследовано физическое ограничение быстродействия сверхпроводящего болометра. Показано, что минимальная постоянная времени реализуется в условиях электронного разогрева и определяется процессом неупругого электрон-фонон- ного взаимодействия. Сформулированы требования кконструкции «электронного болометра» для достижения предельной чувствительности. Проведено сравнение характеристик электронного болометра и обычных болометров различных типов. | ||||
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Notes | О предельных характеристиках быстродействующих серхпроводниковых болометров | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 237 | |||
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Author | Гершензон, Е. М.; Гершензон, М. Е.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Люлькин, А. М.; Семенов, А. Д.; Сергеев, А. В. | ||||
Title | О предельных характеристиках быстродействующих серхпроводниковых болометров | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1989 | Publication | Журнал технической физики | Abbreviated Journal | Журнал технической физики |
Volume | 59 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 111-120 |
Keywords | HEB | ||||
Abstract | Теоретически и экспериментально исследовано физическое ограничение быстродействия сверхпроводящего болометра. Показано, что минимальная постоянная времени реализуется в условиях электронного разогрева и определяется процессом неупругого электрон-фонон- ного взаимодействия. Сформулированы требования кконструкции «электронного болометра» для достижения предельной чувствительности. Проведено сравнение характеристик электронного болометра и обычных болометров различных типов. | ||||
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Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Duplicated as 237 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 238 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Goltsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. | ||||
Title | Wide-band highspeed Nb and YBaCuO detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1991 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Magn. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Magn. |
Volume | 27 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 2836-2839 |
Keywords | YBCO, HTS, Nb detectors | ||||
Abstract | The physical limitations on the response time and the nature of nonequilibrium detection of radiation were investigated for Nb and YBCO film in a wide spectral range from millimeter to near-infrared wavelengths. In the case of ideal heat removal from the film, the detection mechanism is connected with an electron heating effect which is not selective over a wide spectral interval. For Nb, the dependence of the response time on the electron mean free path l and temperature T is tau varies as T/sup -2/l/sup -1/. The values of detectivity D* and tau are 3*10/sup 11/ W/sup -1/ Hz/sup 1/2/ cm and 5*10/sup -9/ s at T=1.6 K, respectively. For YBCO film the tau value of 1-2 ps at T=77 K was obtained; the NEP value of 3*10/sup -11/ W-Hz/sup -1/2/ can be obtained at T=77 K in the case of the optimal film matching to the radiation. | ||||
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ISSN | 0018-9464 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 239 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gusev, Yu. P.; Elantiev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D. | ||||
Title | Millimeter and submillimeter wave range mixer based on electronic heating of superconducting films in the resistive state | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Sov. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. Supercond. |
Volume | 3 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1582-1597 |
Keywords | HEB mixers | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 240 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Goltsman, G. N.; Lulkin, A.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. | ||||
Title | Electron-phonon interaction in ultrathin Nb films | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Sov. Phys. JETP | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. Phys. JETP |
Volume | 70 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 505-511 |
Keywords | Nb films | ||||
Abstract | A study was made of the heating of electrons in normal resistive states of superconducting thin Nb films. The directly determined relaxation time of the resistance of a sample and the rise of the electron temperature were used to find the electron-phonon interaction time rep,, The dependence of rep, on the mean free path of electrons re,, a 1-'demonstrated, in agreement with the theoretical predictions, that the contribution of the inelastic scattering of electrons by impurities to the energy relaxation process decreased at low temperatures and the observed temperature dependence rep, a T 2 was due to a modification of the phonon spectrum in thin fllms. 1. Much new information on the electron-phonon interaction time?;,, in thin films of normal metals and superconductors has been published recently. This information has been obtained mainly as a result of two types of measurement. One includes experiments on weak electron localization investigated by the method of quantum interference corrections to the conductivity of disordered conductors, which can be used to find the relaxation time T, of the phase of the electron wave function. In the absence of the scattering of electrons by paramagnetic impurities the relaxation time T, is associated with the most effective process of energy relaxation: T;= TL+ rep;, where T,, is the electronelectron relaxation time. At low temperatures, when the dependence T; a T is exhibited by thin disordered films, the dominant channel is that of the electron-electron relaxation and there is a lower limit to the temperature range in which rep, can be investigated. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 241 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Gousev, Y. P.; Zorin, M. A.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Lang, P. T.; Knott, W. J.; Renk, K. F. | ||||
Title | Sensitive picosecond NbN detector for radiation from millimetre wavelengths to visible light | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1991 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume | 4 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 453-456 |
Keywords | NbN HEB detectors | ||||
Abstract | The authors report on the application of a broad-band NbN film detector which has high sensitivity and picosecond response time for detection of radiation from millimetre wavelengths to visible light. From a study of amplitude modulated radiation of backward-wave tubes and picosecond pulses from gas and solid state lasers at wavelengths between 2 mm and 0.53 mu m, they found a detectivity of 1010 W-1 cm Hz-1/2 and a response time of less than 50 ps at T=10 K. The characteristics were provided by using a 150 AA thick NbN film patterned into a structure of micron strips. According to the proposed detection mechanism, namely electron heating, they expect an intrinsic response time of approximately 20 ps at the same temperature. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0953-2048 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 242 | |||
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Author | Lindgren, M.; Zorin, M. A.; Trifonov, V.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Karasik, B. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
Title | Optical mixing in a patterned YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 65 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 3398-3400 |
Keywords | YBCO HTS HEB mixer, bandwidth | ||||
Abstract | Mixing of 1.56 µm infrared radiation from two lasers in a high quality YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film, patterned to parallel strips, was demonstrated. A mixer bandwidth of 18 GHz, limited by the measurement system, was obtained. A model based on nonequilibrium electron heating gives a good fit to the data and predicts an intrinsic mixer bandwidth in excess of 100 GHz, operating in the whole infrared spectrum. Reduction of bolometric effects and ways to decrease the conversion loss of the mixer is discussed. The minimum conversion loss is expected to be ~10 dB. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 251 | |||
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Author | Gousev, Yu. P.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Nebosis, R. S.; Heusinger, M. A.; Renk, K. F. | ||||
Title | Broadband ultrafast superconducting NbN detector for electromagnetic radiation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume | 75 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 3695-3697 |
Keywords | NbN HEB | ||||
Abstract | An ultrafast detector that is sensitive to radiation in a broad spectral range from submillimeter waves to visible light is reported. It consists of a structured NbN thin film cooled to a temperature below Tc (∼11 K). Using 20 ps pulses of a GaAs laser, we observed signal pulses with both rise and decay time of about 50 ps. From the analysis of a mixing experiment with submillimeter radiation we estimate an intrinsic response time of the detector of ∼12 ps. The sensitivity was found to be similar for the near‐infrared and submillimeter radiation. Broadband sensitivity and short response time are attributed to a quasiparticle heating effect. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 252 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Okunev, O. V.; Dzardanov, A. L.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Ekstrom, H.; Jacobsson, S.; Kollberg, E. | ||||
Title | NbN hot electron superconducting mixers for 100 GHz operation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 3065-3068 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | NbN is a promising superconducting material for hot-electron superconducting mixers with an IF bandwidth larger than 1 GHz. In the 1OO GHz frequency range, the following parameters were obtained for 50 /spl Aring/ thick NbN films at 4.2 K: receiver noise temperature (DSB) /spl sim/1000 K; conversion loss /spl sim/10 dB; IF bandwidth /spl sim/1 GHz; and local oscillator power /spl sim/1 /spl mu/W. An increase of the critical current of the NbN film, increased working temperature, and a better mixer matching may allow a broader IF bandwidth up to 2 GHz, reduced conversion losses down to 3-5 dB and a receiver noise temperature (DSB) down to 200-300 K. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | About LO power required | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 255 | |||
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Author | Karasik, B. S.; Elantiev, A. I. | ||||
Title | Analysis of the noise performance of a hot-electron superconducting bolometer mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 229-246 | ||
Keywords | HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | A theoretical analysis for the noise temperature of hot–electron superconducting mixer has been presented. Thecontributions of both Johnson noise and electron temperature fluctuations have been evaluated. A set of criteriaensuring low noise performance of the mixer has been stated and a simple analytic expression for the noisetemperature of the mixer device has been suggested. It has been shown that an improvement of the mixer sensitivitydoes not necessarily follow by a decrease of the bandwidth. An SSB noise temperature limit due to the intrinsic noisemechanisms has been estimated to be as low as 40–90 K for a mixer device made from Nb or NbN thin film.Furthermore, the conversion gain bandwidth can be as wide as is allowed by the intrinsic electron temperaturerelaxation time if an appropriate choice of the mixer resistance has been made. The intrinsic mixer noise bandwidthis of 3 GHz for Nb device and of 5 GHz for NbN device. An additional improvement of the theory has been madewhen a distinction between the impedance measured at high intermediate frequency (larger than the mixerbandwidth) and the mixer ohmic resistance has been taken into account.Recently obtained experimental data on Nb and NbNbolometer mixer devices are viewed in connection with thetheoretical predictions.The noise temperature limit has also been specified for the mixer device where an outdiffusion coolingmechanism rather than the electron–phonon energy relaxation determines the mixer bandwidth. A consideration ofthe noise performance of a bolometer mixer made from YBaCuO film utilizing a hot–electron effect has been done. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Pasadena, Ca | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 258 | |||
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Author | Karasik, B. S.; Elantiev, A. I. | ||||
Title | Noise temperature limit of a superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 68 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 853-855 |
Keywords | HEB mixer noise temperature, Johnson noise, thermal fluctuation noise, noise bandwidth | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 260 | |||
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Author | Karasik, B. S.; Il'in, K. S.; Pechen, E. V.; Krasnosvobodtsev, S. I. | ||||
Title | Diffusion cooling mechanism in a hot-electron NbC microbolometer mixer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 68 | Issue | 16 | Pages | 2285-2287 |
Keywords | HEB mixer, diffusion cooling channel, diffusion channel | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 262 | |||
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Author | Yagubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Seidman, L.; Siomash, V.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | The bandwidth of HEB mixers employing ultrathin NbN films on sapphire substrate | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 290-302 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, fabrication process | ||||
Abstract | We report on some unusual features observed during fabrication of ultrathin NbN films with high Tc. The films were used to fabricate HEB mixers, which were evaluated for IF bandwidth measurements at 140 GHz. Ultrathin films were fabricated using reactive dc magnetron sputtering with a discharge current source. Reproducible parameters of the films are assured keeping constant the difference between the discharge voltage in pure argon, and in a gas mixture, for the same current. A maximum bandwidth of 4 GHz at optimal LO and dc bias was obtained for mixer chip based on NbN film 35 A thick with Tc = 11 K. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Charlottesville, Virginia, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 266 | |||
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Author | Semenov, Alexei; Richter, Heiko; Smirnov, Konstantin; Voronov, Boris; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm | ||||
Title | The development of terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometric mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume | 17 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 436-439 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We present recent advances in the development of NbN hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixers for flying terahertz heterodyne receivers. Three important issues have been addressed: the quality of the source NbN films, the effect of the bolometer size on the spectral properties of different planar feed antennas, and the local oscillator (LO) power required for optimal operation of the mixer. Studies of the NbN films with an atomic force microscope indicated a surface structure that may affect the performance of the smallest mixers. Measured spectral gain and noise temperature suggest that at frequencies above 2.5 THz the spiral feed provides better overall performance than the double-slot feed. Direct measurements of the optimal LO power support earlier estimates made in the framework of the uniform mixer model. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 357 | |||
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Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Yagoubov, P.; Il'In, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | Large bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers on sapphire substrates | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 245-257 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, fabrication process | ||||
Abstract | The bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers has been systematically investigated with respect to the film thickness and film quality variation. The films, 2.5 to 10 mm thick, were fabricated on sapphire substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering. All devices consisted of several parallel strips, each 1 1.1 wide and 211 long, placed between Ti-Au contact pads. To measure the gain bandwidth we used two identical BWOs operating in the 120-140 GHz frequency range, one functioning as a local oscillator and the other as a signal source. The majority of the measurements were made at an ambient temperature of 4.5 K with optimal LO and DC bias. The maximum 3 dB bandwidth (about 4 GHz) was achieved for the devices made of films which were 2.5-3.5 nm thick, had a high critical temperature, and high critical current density. A theoretical analysis of bandwidth for these mixers based on the two-temperature model gives a good description of the experimental results if one assumes that the electron temperature is equal to the critical temperature. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 276 | |||
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Author | Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C-Y. E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov, B.; Cherednichenko, S. | ||||
Title | Phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixers for submillimeter wavelengths | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 23-28 | ||
Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | The noise performance of receivers incorporating NbN phonon-cooled superconducting hot electron bolometric mixers is measured from 200 GHz to 900 GHz. The mixer elements are thin-film (thickness — 4 nm) NbN with —5 to 40 pm area fabricated on crystalline quartz sub- strates. The receiver noise temperature from 200 GHz to 900 GHz demonstrates no unexpected degradation with increasing frequency, being roughly TRx ,; 1-2 K The best receiver noise temperatures are 410 K (DSB) at 430 GHz, 483 K at 636 GHz, and 1150 K at 800 GHz. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 275 | |||
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Author | Ekstörm, H.; Kollberg, E.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Yngvesson, S. | ||||
Title | Gain and noise bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometric mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 70 | Issue | 24 | Pages | 3296-3298 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, conversion loss, conversion gain, U-factor technique | ||||
Abstract | We have measured the noise performance and gain bandwidth of 35 Å thin NbN hot-electron mixers integrated with spiral antennas on silicon substrate lenses at 620 GHz. The best double-sideband receiver noise temperature is less than 1300 K with a 3 dB bandwidth of ≈5 GHz. The gain bandwidth is 3.2 GHz. The mixer output noise dominated by thermal fluctuations is 50 K, and the intrinsic conversion gain is about −12 dB. Without mismatch losses and excluding the loss from the beamsplitter, we expect to achieve a receiver noise temperature of less than 700 K. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 279 | |||
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Author | Sobolewski, R.; Verevkin, A.; Gol'tsman, G.N.; Lipatov, A.; Wilsher, K. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon optical detectors and their applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 1151-1157 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present a new class of ultrafast single-photon detectors for counting both visible and infrared photons. The detection mechanism is based on photon-induced hotspot formation, which forces the supercurrent redistribution and leads to the appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin, submicrometer-width, superconducting stripe. The devices were fabricated from 3.5-nm- and 10-nm-thick NbN films, patterned into <200-nm-wide stripes in the 4 /spl times/ 4-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ or 10 /spl times/ 10-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ meander-type geometry, and operated at 4.2 K, well below the NbN critical temperature (T/sub c/=10-11 K). Continuous-wave and pulsed-laser optical sources in the 400-nm-to 3500-nm-wavelength range were used to determine the detector performance in the photon-counting mode. Experimental quantum efficiency was found to exponentially depend on the photon wavelength, and for our best, 3.5-nm-thick, 100-/spl mu/m/sup 2/-area devices varied from >10% for 405-nm radiation to 3.5% for 1550-nm photons. The detector response time and jitter were /spl sim/100 ps and 35 ps, respectively, and were acquisition system limited. The dark counts were below 0.01 per second at optimal biasing. In terms of the counting rate, jitter, and dark counts, the NbN single-photon detectors significantly outperform their semiconductor counterparts. Already-identified applications for our devices range from noncontact testing of semiconductor CMOS VLSI circuits to free-space quantum cryptography and communications. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 509 | |||
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Author | Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Jian, H.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Dickinson, J.; Waldman, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
Title | Measured results for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at 0.6-0.75 THz, 1.56 THz, and 2.5 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 105-114 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1587 | |||
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Author | Kawamura, J. H.; Tong, C.-Y.E.; Blundell, R.; Cosmo Papa, D.; Hunter, T. R.; Gol'tsman, G.; Cherednichenko, S.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | An 800 GHz NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer receiver | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 3753-3756 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We describe a heterodyne receiver developed for astronomical applications to operate in the 350 /spl mu/m atmospheric window. The waveguide receiver employs a superconductive NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer. The double sideband receiver noise temperature closely follows 1 kGHz/sup -1/ across 780-870 GHz, with the intermediate frequency centered at 1.4 GHz. The conversion loss is about 15 dB. The receiver was installed for operation at the University of Arizona/Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy Submillimeter Telescope facility. The instrument was successfully used to conduct test observations of a number of celestial sources in a number of astronomically important spectral lines. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 288 | |||
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Author | Il’in, K. S.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Ultimate quantum efficiency of a superconducting hot-electron photodetector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 3938-3940 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The quantum efficiency and current and voltage responsivities of fast hot-electron photodetectors, fabricated from superconducting NbN thin films and biased in the resistive state, have been shown to reach values of 340, 220 A/W, and 4×104 V/W, respectively, for infrared radiation with a wavelength of 0.79 μm. The characteristics of the photodetectors are presented within the general model, based on relaxation processes in the nonequilibrium electron heating of a superconducting thin film. The observed, very high efficiency and sensitivity of the superconductor absorbing the photon are explained by the high multiplication rate of quasiparticles during the avalanche breaking of Cooper pairs. |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1579 | |||
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Author | Schubert, J.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schwaab, G.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | Noise temperature of an NbN hot-electron bolometric mixer at frequencies from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 12 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 748-750 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We report on noise temperature measurements of an NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The devices were 3 nm thick films with in-plane dimensions 1.7 × 0.2 µm2 and 0.9 × 0.2 µm2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic-spiral antenna. Measurements were performed at seven frequencies ranging from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. The measured DSB noise temperatures are 1500 K (0.7 THz), 2200 K (1.4 THz), 2600 K (1.6 THz), 2900 K (2.5 THz), 4000 K (3.1 THz), 5600 K (4.3 THz) and 8800 K (5.2 THz). | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 298 | |||
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Author | Tong, C.-Y. Edward; Kawamura, Jonathan; Todd, R. Hunter; Papa, D. Cosmo; Blundell, Raymond.; Smith, Michael; Patt, Ferdinand; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Gershenzon, Eugene | ||||
Title | Successful operation of a 1 THz NbN hot-electron bolometer receiver | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 49-59 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, applications | ||||
Abstract | A phonon-cooled NbN superconductive hot-electron bolometer receiver covering the frequency range 0.8-1.04 THz has successfully been used for astronomical observation at the Sub-Millimeter Telescope Observatory on Mount Graham, Arizona. This waveguide heterodyne receiver is a modified version of our fixed-tuned 800 GHz HEB receiver to allow for operation beyond 1 THz. The measured noise temperature of this receiver is about 1250 K at 0.81 THz, 560 K at 0.84 THz, and 1600 K at 1.035 THz. It has a 1 GHz wide IF bandwidth, centered at 1.8 GHz. This receiver has recently been used to detect the CO (9-8) molecular line emission at 1.037 THz in the Orion nebula. This is the first time a ground-based heterodyne receiver has been used to detect a celestial source above 1 THz. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 303 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.–W.; Schubert, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
Title | Frequency dependent noise temperature of the lattice cooled hot-electron terahertz mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 39-48 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We present the measurements and the theoretical model on the frequency dependent noise temperature of a lattice cooled hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The experimentally observed increase of the noise temperature with frequency is a cumulative effect of the non-uniform distribution of the high frequency current in the bolometer and the charge imbalance, which occurs near the edges of the normal domain and contacts with normal metal. In addition, we present experimental results which show that the noise temperature of a HEB mixer can be reduced by about 30% due to a Parylene antireflection coating on the Silicon hyperhemispheric lens. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 305 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
Title | Design and performance of the lattice-cooled hot-electron terahertz mixer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume | 88 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 6758-6767 |
Keywords | HEB mixer, charge imbalance, HF current distribution | ||||
Abstract | We present the measurements and the theoreticalmodel of the frequency-dependent noise temperature of a superconductor lattice-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The increase of the noise temperature with frequency is a cumulative effect of the nonuniform distribution of the high-frequency current in the bolometer and the charge imbalance, which occurs at the edges of the normal domain and at the contacts with normal metal. We show that under optimal operation the fluctuation sensitivity of the mixer is determined by thermodynamic fluctuations of the noise power, whereas at small biases there appears additional noise, which is probably due to the flux flow. We propose the prescription of how to minimize the influence of the current distribution on the mixer performance. | ||||
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ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 306 | |||
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Author | Sergeev, A.; Mitin, V. | ||||
Title | Electron-phonon interaction in disordered conductors: Static and vibrating scattering potentials | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B. | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. B. |
Volume | 61 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 6041-6047 |
Keywords | disordered conductors, scattering potential, electron-phonon interaction | ||||
Abstract | Employing the Keldysh diagram technique, we calculate the electron-phonon energy relaxation rate in a conductor with the vibrating and static δ-correlated random electron-scattering potentials. If the scattering potential is completely dragged by phonons, this model yields the Schmid’s result for the inelastic electron-scattering rate τ−1e−ph. At low temperatures the effective interaction decreases due to disorder, and τ−1e−ph∝T4l (l is the electron mean-free path). In the presense of the static potential, quantum interference of numerous scattering processes drastically changes the effective electron-phonon interaction. In particular, at low temperatures the interaction increases, and τ−1e−ph∝T2/l. Along with an enhancement of the interaction, which is observed in disordered metallic films and semiconducting structures at low temperatures, the suggested model allows us to explain the strong sensitivity of the electron relaxation rate to the microscopic quality of a particular film. | ||||
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ISSN | 0163-1829 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 307 | |||
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Author | Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H. W.; Richter, H. | ||||
Title | NbN hot electron bolometric mixers for terahertz receivers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 962-965 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | Sensitivity and gain bandwidth measurements of phonon-cooled NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers are presented. The best receiver noise temperatures are: 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. Parylene as an antireflection coating on silicon has been investigated and used in the optics of the receiver. The dependence of the mixer gain bandwidth (GBW) on the bias voltage has been measured. Starting from low bias voltages, close to operating conditions yielding the lowest noise temperature, the GBW increases towards higher bias voltages, up to three times the initial value. The highest measured GBW is 9 GHz within the same bias range the noise temperature increases by a factor of two. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 312 | |||
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Author | Gershenson, M. E.; Gong, D.; Sato, T.; Karasik, B. S.; Sergeev, A. V. | ||||
Title | Millisecond electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered metal films at millikelvin temperatures | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 79 | Issue | Pages | 2049-2051 | |
Keywords | HEB detector, FIR, far infrared | ||||
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Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ heb_eph_interaction_Gershenzon | Serial | 315 | ||
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Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | Local oscillator power requirement and saturation effects in NbN HEB mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 273-285 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range | ||||
Abstract | The local oscillator power required for NbN hot-electron bolometric mixers (P LO ) was investigated with respect to mixer size, critical temperature and ambient temperature. P LO can be decreased by a factor of 10 as the mixer size decreases from 4×0.4 µm 2 to 0.6×0.13 µm 2 . For the smallest volume mixer the optimal local oscillator power was found to be 15 nW. We found that for such mixer no signal compression was observed up to an input signal of 2 nW which corresponds to an equivalent input load of 20,000 K. For a constant mixer volume, reduction of T c can decrease optimal local oscillator power at least by a factor of 2 without a deterioration of the receiver noise temperature. Bath temperature was found to have minor effect on the receiver characteristics. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | San Diego, CA, USA | Editor | Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Inst.it.u.t.e of Technology | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 318 | |||
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Author | Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Choumas, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Hübers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'Tsman, G. | ||||
Title | HEB quasi-optical heterodyne receiver for THz frequencies | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 244-252 | ||
Keywords | HEB mixer, NbN, MgO, conversion gain bandwidth, noise temperature | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | San Diego, CA, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 319 | |||
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Author | Kawamura, J.; Hunter, T. R.; Tong, C. Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Papa, D. C.; Patt, F.; Peters, W.; Wilson, T.; Henkel, C.; Goltsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | Ground-based terahertz CO spectroscopy towards Orion | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | A&A | Abbreviated Journal | A&A |
Volume | 394 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 271-274 |
Keywords | HEB mixers, applications | ||||
Abstract | Using a superconductive hot-electron bolometer heterodyne receiver on the 10-m Heinrich Hertz Telescope on Mount Graham, Arizona, we have obtained velocity-resolved 1.037 THz CO () spectra toward several positions along the Orion Molecular Cloud (OMC-1) ridge. We confirm the general results of prior observations of high-J CO lines that show that the high temperature, , high density molecular gas, , is quite extended, found along a ~ region centered on BN/KL. However, our observations have significantly improved angular resolution, and with a beam size of we are able to spatially and kinematically discriminate the emission originating in the extended quiescent ridge from the very strong and broadened emission originating in the compact molecular outflow. The ridge emission very close to the BN/KL region appears to originate from two distinct clouds along the line of sight with and ≈ . The former component dominates the emission to the south of BN/KL and the latter to the north, with a turnover point coincident with or near BN/KL. Our evidence precludes a simple rotation of the inner ridge and lends support to a model in which there are multiple molecular clouds along the line of sight towards the Orion ridge. | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 322 | |||
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Author | Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Shishkov, A.; Svechnikov, S.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinski, V.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | NbN HEB mixer noise temperature measurements with hot/cold load mounted inside the helium cryostat at 300 GHz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. Int. Student Seminar on Microwave Appl. of Novel Physical Phenomena supported by IEEE | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | LETI | Place of Publication | St.-Petersburg | Editor | |
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Call Number | Serial | 324 | |||
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Author | Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A. D.; Richter, H.; Schubert, J.; Hadjiloucas, S.; Bowen, J. W.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
Title | Antenna pattern of the quasi-optical hot-electron bolometric mixer at terahertz frequencies | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 286-296 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | San Diego, CA, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 323 | |||
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Author | Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Hartmann, W.; Vetter, A.; Kahl, O.; Lee, C.; Korneev, A.; Rockstuhl, C.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pernice, W. | ||||
Title | Hot-spot relaxation time current dependence in niobium nitride waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
Volume | 25 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 8739-8750 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, photon counting; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Integrated optics; Multiphoton processes; Photon statistics | ||||
Abstract | We investigate how the bias current affects the hot-spot relaxation dynamics in niobium nitride. We use for this purpose a near-infrared pump-probe technique on a waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detector driven in the two-photon regime. We observe a strong increase in the picosecond relaxation time for higher bias currents. A minimum relaxation time of (22 +/- 1)ps is obtained when applying a bias current of 50% of the switching current at 1.7 K bath temperature. We also propose a practical approach to accurately estimate the photon detection regimes based on the reconstruction of the measured detector tomography at different bias currents and for different illumination conditions. | ||||
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Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 1118 | ||
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Author | Vahtomin, Yuriy B.; Finkel, Matvey I.; Antipov, Sergey V.; Voronov, Boris M.; Smirnov, Konstantin V.; Kaurova, Natalia S.; Drakinski, Vladimir N.; Gol'tsman, Gregogy N. | ||||
Title | Gain bandwidth of phonon-cooled HEB mixer made of NbN thin film with MgO buffer layer on Si | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 259-270 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, conversion gain bandwidth | ||||
Abstract | We present recently obtained values for gain bandwidth of NbN HEB mixers for different substrates and film thicknesses and for MgO buffer layer on Si at LO frequency of 0.85-1 THz. The maximal bandwidth, 5.2 GHz, was achieved for the device on MgO buffer layer on Si with a 2 nm thick NbN film. Functional devices based on NbN films of such thickness were fabricated for the first time due to an improvement of superconducting properties of NbN film deposited on MgO buffer layer on Si substrate. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Cambridge, MA, USA | Editor | Harvard university | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 325 | |||
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Author | Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | The sensitivity and IF bandwidth of waveguide NbN hot electron bolometer mixers on MgO buffer layers over crystalline quartz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 65-72 | ||
Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We have developed and characterized waveguide phonon-cooled NbN Hot Electron Bolometer (FMB) mixers fabricated from a 3-4 nm thick NbN film deposited on a 200nm thick MgO buffer layer over crystalline quartz. Double side band receiver noise temperatures of 900-1050 K at 1.035 THz, and 1300-1400 K at 1.26 THz have been measured at an intermediate frequency of 1.5 GHz. The intermediate frequency bandwidth, measured at 0.8 THz LO frequency, is 3.2 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Cambridge, MA, USA | Editor | Harvard university | |
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Call Number | Serial | 326 | |||
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Author | Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, Roman; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. | ||||
Title | Detection efficiency of large-active-area NbN single-photon superconducting detectors in the ultraviolet to near-infrared range | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 80 | Issue | 25 | Pages | 4687-4689 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, QE | ||||
Abstract | We report our studies on spectral sensitivity of meander-type, superconducting NbN thin-film single-photon detectors (SPDs), characterized by GHz counting rates of visible and near-infrared photons and negligible dark counts. Our SPDs exhibit experimentally determined quantum efficiencies ranging from ∼0.2% at the 1.55 μm wavelength to ∼70% at 0.4 μm. Spectral dependences of the detection efficiency (DE) at the 0.4 to 3.0-μm-wavelength range are presented. The exponential character of the DE dependence on wavelength, as well as its dependence versus bias current, is qualitatively explained in terms of superconducting fluctuations in our ultrathin, submicron-width superconducting stripes. The DE values of large-active-area NbN SPDs in the visible range are high enough for modern quantum communications. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 331 | |||
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Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Merkel, H.; Kolberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Richter, H.; Hübers, H. W. | ||||
Title | A broadband terahertz heterodyne receiver with an NbN HEB mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 85-95 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We present a broadband and low noise heterodyne receiver for 1.4-1.7 THz designed for the Hershel Space Observatory. A phonon- cooled NbN HEB mixer was integrated with a normal metal double- slot antenna and an elliptical silicon lens. DSB receiver noise temperature Tr was measured from 1 GHz through 8GHz intermediate frequency band with 50 MHz instantaneous bandwidth. At 4.2 K bath temperature and at 1.6 THz LO frequency Tr is 800 K with the receiver noise bandwidth of 5 GHz. While at 2 K bath temperature Tr was as low as 700 K. At 0.6 THz and 1.1 THz a spiral antenna integrated NbN HEB mixer showed the receiver noise temperature 500 K and 800 K, though no antireflection coating was used in this case. Tr of 1100 K was achieved at 2.5 THz while the receiver noise bandwidth was 4 GHz. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Cambridge, MA, USA | Editor | Harward University | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 332 | |||
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Author | Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Improved NbN phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 413-423 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers (HEBs) have been realized with negligible contact resistance to Au pads. By adding either a 5 nm Nb or a 10 nm NbTiN layer between the Au and NbN, to preserve superconductivity in the NbN under the Au contact pad, superior noise temperatures have been obtained. Using DC I,V curves and resistive transitions in combination with process parameters we analyze the nature of these improved devices and determine interface transparencies. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Tucson, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 337 | |||
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Author | Tong, C.-Y. E.; Meledin, D.; Loudkov, D.; Blundell, R.; Erickson, N.; Kawamura, J.; Mehdi, I.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
Title | A 1.5 THz Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer operated by a planar diode based local oscillator | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest |
Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 751-754 | |
Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We have developed a 1.5 THz superconducting NbN Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer. It is operated by an all-solid-state Local Oscillator comprising of a cascade of 4 planar doublers following an MMIC based W-band power amplifier. The threshold available pump power is estimated to be 1 /spl mu/W. | ||||
Address | Philadelphia, PA, USA | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1516 | |||
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Author | Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Study of the IF bandwidth of NbN HEB mixers based on crystalline quartz substrate with an MgO buffer layer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 164-167 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixer | ||||
Abstract | In this paper, we present the results of IF bandwidth measurements on 3-4 nm thick NbN hot electron bolometer waveguide mixers, which have been fabricated on a 200-nm thick MgO buffer layer deposited on a crystalline quartz substrate. The 3-dB IF bandwidth, measured at an LO frequency of 0.81 THz, is 3.7 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation. We have also made measurements of the IF dynamic impedance, which allow us to evaluate the intrinsic electron temperature relaxation time and self-heating parameters at different bias conditions. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 341 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Drakinski, V. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer for terahertz heterodyne receivers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 168-171 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We present recent results showing the development of superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer for German receiver for astronomy at terahertz frequencies and terahertz limb sounder. The mixer is incorporated into a planar feed antenna, which has either logarithmic spiral or double-slot configuration, and backed on a silicon lens. The hybrid antenna had almost frequency independent and symmetric radiation pattern slightly broader than expected for a diffraction limited antenna. At 2.5 THz the best 2200 K double side-band receiver noise temperature was achieved across a 1 GHz intermediate frequency bandwidth centred at 1.5 GHz. For this operation regime, a receiver conversion efficiency of -17 dB was directly measured and the loss budget was evaluated. The mixer response was linear at load temperatures smaller than 400 K. Implementation of the MgO buffer layer on Si resulted in an increased 5.2 GHz gain bandwidth. The receiver was tested in the laboratory environment by measuring a methanol emission line at 2.5 THz. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 343 | |||
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Author | Komrakova, S.; Javadzade, J.; Vorobyov, V.; Bolshedvorskii, S.; Soshenko, V.; Akimov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
Title | On-chip controlled placement of nanodiamonds with a nitrogen-vacancy color centers (NV) | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 1124 | Issue | Pages | 051046 (1 to 4) | |
Keywords | nanodiamonds, NV-centers | ||||
Abstract | Here we studied the fabrication technique of a kilopixel array of nanodiamonds with a nitrogen-vacancy color centers (NV) on top of the chip and measured the second-order correlation function deep, clearly demonstrated the presence of single-photon sources. The controlled position of nanodiamonds, determined from the measurement of second-order correlation fiction, was realize, as well as the yield of optimized technique equals 12.5% is shown. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1298 | |||
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Author | Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Kaurova, N. S.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Noise temperature measurements of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixer at 2.5 and 3.8 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 236-241 | ||
Keywords | HEB mixer, NbN, direct detection effect | ||||
Abstract | We present the results of noise temperature measurements of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixers based on a 3.5 nm NbN film deposited on a high-resistivity Si substrate with a 200 nm – thick MgO buffer layer. The mixer element was integrated with a log-periodic spiral antenna. The noise temperature measurements were performed at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz local oscillator frequencies for the 3 µm x 0.2 µm active area devices. The best uncorrected receiver noise temperatures found for these frequencies are 1300 K and 3100 K, respectively. A water vapour discharge laser was used as the LO source. We also present the results of direct detection contribution to the measured Y-factor and of a possible error of noise temperature calculation. This error was more than 8% for the mixer with in-plane dimensions of 2.4 x 0.16 µm 2 at the optimal noise temperature point. The use of a mesh filter enabled us to avoid the effect of direct detection and decrease optical losses by 0.5 dB. The paper is concluded by the investigation results of the mixer polarization response. It was shown that the polarization can differ from the circular one at 3.8 THz by more than 2 dB. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Northampton, Massachusetts, USA | Editor | ||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 344 | |||
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Author | Ozhegov, R.; Morozov, D.; Maslennikov, S.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Submillimeter wave range imaging system for registering human body radiation and finding out the things covered under clothes | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 3rd Int. exhibition and conf. Non-Destructive Testing Equipment and Devices | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 345 | |||
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Author | Ожегов, Р. В.; Морозов, Д. В.; Масленников, С. Н.; Смирнов, К. В.; Окунев, О. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н. | ||||
Title | Тепловизор субмиллиметрового диапазона волн для регистрации теплового излучения тела человека и обнаружения скрытых под одеждой предметов | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | 3-я Международная выставка и конференция Неразрушающий контроль и техническая диагностика в промышленности | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Москва | Editor | ||
Language | russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Duplicated as 345 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 346 | |||
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Author | Ozhegov, R.; Maslennikov, S.; Morozov, D.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Imaging system for submillimeter wave range | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. Tenth All-Russian sceintific conference of student-physicists and young sceintists (VNKSF-10) | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ thzimaging_vnksf10_2004 | Serial | 347 | ||
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Author | Ожегов, Р. В.; Масленников, С. Н.; Морозов, Д. В.; Окунев, О. В.; Смирнов, К. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н. | ||||
Title | Тепловизор субмиллиметрового диапазона длин волн | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Десятая всероссийская научная конференция студентов-физиков и молодых ученых (ВНКСФ-10) | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Москва | Editor | ||
Language | russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Duplicated as 347 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ thzimaging_vnksf10_2004_rus | Serial | 348 | ||
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Author | Maslennikov, S.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Antipov, S.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | NbN HEB mixers for frequencies of 2.5 and 3.8 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. Tenth All-Russian sceintific conference of student-physicists and young sceintists (VNKSF-10) | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ qoheb_vnksf10_2004 | Serial | 349 | ||
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Author | Масленников, С. Н.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Антипов, С. В.; Смирнов, К. В.; Каурова, Н. С.; Гришина, Е. В.; Воронов, Б. М.; Гольцман, Г. Н. | ||||
Title | Смесители на основе электронного разогрева в тонких пленках NbN для частот 2.5 и 3.8 ТГц | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Десятая всероссийская научная конференция студентов-физиков и молодых ученых (ВНКСФ-10) | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Москва | Editor | ||
Language | russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Duplicated as 349 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ qoheb_vnksf10_2004_rus | Serial | 350 | ||
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Author | Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Noise temperature, gain bandwidth and local oscillator power of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixer at terahertz frequenciess | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 329-330 | ||
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Abstract | We present the performances of HEB mixers based on 3.5 nm thick NbN film integrated with log-periodic spiral antenna. The double side-band receiver noise temperature values are 1300 K and 3100 K at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz, respectively. The gain bandwidth of the mixer is 4.2 GHz and the noise bandwidth is 5 GHz. The local oscillator power is 1-3 /spl mu/W for mixers with different active area. | ||||
Address | Karlsruhe, Germany | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Karlsruhe, Germany | Editor | ||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ nt_ifb_lopow_qoheb_karlsruhe_2004 | Serial | 354 | ||
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Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 84 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 1958-1960 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. We show experimentally that both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by more than a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature TN,DSB=950 K at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, uncorrected for losses in the optics. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. |
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 352 | |||
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Author | Kaurova, N. S.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Vahtomin, Yu. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ilyin, K. S. | ||||
Title | Submillimeter mixer based on YBa2Cu3O7-x thin film | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 1-st conf. Fundamental problems of high temperature superconductivity | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 291 | ||
Keywords | HTS, HEB mixer | ||||
Abstract | |||||
Address | Moscow-Zvenigorod | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow-Zvenigorod | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 355 | |||
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Author | Каурова, Н. С.; Финкель, М. И.; Масленников, С. Н.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Антипов, С. В.; Смирнов, К. В.; Воронов, Б. М.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Ильин, К. С. | ||||
Title | Смеситель субмиллиметрового диапазона длин волн на основе тонкой пленки YBa2Cu3O7-x | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | 1-я международная конференция Фундаментальные проблемы высокотемпературной сверхпроводимости | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 291 | ||
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Address | Москва-Звенигород | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Москва-Звенигород | Editor | ||
Language | russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ htsmix_zvenigorod_2004_rus | Serial | 356 | ||
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Author | Korneev, Alexander; Vachtomin, Yury; Minaeva, Olga; Divochiy, Alexander; Smirnov, Konstantin; Okunev, Oleg; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Zinoni, C.; Chauvin, Nicolas; Balet, Laurent; Marsili, Francesco; Bitauld, David; Alloing, Blandine; Li, Lianhe; Fiore, Andrea; Lunghi, L.; Gerardino, Annamaria; Halder, Matthäus; Jorel, Corentin; Zbinden, Hugo | ||||
Title | Single-photon detection system for quantum optics applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 944-951 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We describe the design and characterization of a fiber-coupled double-channel single-photon detection system based on superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD), and its application for quantum optics experiments on semiconductor nanostructures. When operated at 2-K temperature, the system shows 10% quantum efficiency at 1.3-¿m wavelength with dark count rate below 10 counts per second and timing resolution <100 ps. The short recovery time and absence of afterpulsing leads to counting frequencies as high as 40 MHz. Moreover, the low dark count rate allows operation in continuous mode (without gating). These characteristics are very attractive-as compared to InGaAs avalanche photodiodes-for quantum optics experiments at telecommunication wavelengths. We demonstrate the use of the system in time-correlated fluorescence spectroscopy of quantum wells and in the measurement of the intensity correlation function of light emitted by semiconductor quantum dots at 1300 nm. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1077-260X | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 430 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G.; Minaeva, O.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Rubtsova, I.; Divochiy, A.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pan, D.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Grabiec, P.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Middle-infrared to visible-light ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 17 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 246-251 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present an overview of the state-of-the-art of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our devices exhibit quantum efficiency (QE) of up to 30% in near-infrared wavelength and 0.4% at 5 mum, with a dark-count rate that can be as low as 10 -4 s -1 . The SSPD structures integrated with lambda/4 microcavities achieve a QE of 60% at telecommunication, 1550-nm wavelength. We have also developed a new generation of SSPDs that possess the QE of large-active-area devices, but, simultaneously, are characterized by low kinetic inductance that allows achieving short response times and the GHz-counting rate with picosecond timing jitter. The improvements presented in the SSPD development, such as fiber-coupled SSPDs, make our detectors most attractive for high-speed quantum communications and quantum computing. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 431 | |||
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Author | Ozhegov, R. V.; Gorshkov, K. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Filippenko, L. V.; Koshelets, V. P. | ||||
Title | Terahertz imaging system based on superconducting integrated receiver | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Proc. 2-nd Int. Conf. Terahertz and Microwave radiation: Generation, Detection and Applications | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 2-nd Int. Conf. Terahertz and Microwave radiation: Generation, Detection and Applications |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 20-22 | ||
Keywords | SIS mixer, SIR | ||||
Abstract | The development of terahertz imaging instruments for security systems is on the cutting edge of terahertz technology. We are developing a THz imaging system based on a superconducting integrated receiver (SIR). An SIR is a new type of heterodyne receiver based on an SIS mixer integrated with a flux-flow oscillator (FFO) and a harmonic mixer which is used for phase-locking the FFO. Developing an array of SIRs would allow obtaining amplitude and phase characteristics of incident radiation in the plane of the receiver. Employing an SIR in an imaging system means building an entirely new instrument with many advantages compare to traditional systems: i) high temperature resolution, comparable to the best results for incoherent receivers; ii) high spectral resolution allowing spectral analysis of various substances; iii) the local oscillator frequency can be varied to obtain images at different frequencies, effectively providing “color” images; iv) since a heterodyne receiver preserves the phase of the radiation, it is possible to construct 3D images. The paper presents a prototype THz imaging system using an 1 pixel SIR. We have studied the dependence of the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) on the integration time and also possible ways of achieving best possible sensitivity. An NETD of 13 mK was obtained with an integration time of 1 sec a detection bandwidth of 4 GHz at a local oscillator frequency of 520 GHz. An important advantage of an FFO is its wide operation range: 300-700 GHz. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | ozhegov2010terahertz | Serial | 1397 | ||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G. N.; Loudkov, D. N. | ||||
Title | Terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers and their application in radio astronomy | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 8/9 | Pages | 604-617 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We review the latest developments, research, and radioastronomy applications of hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers operated in the terahertz waveband. The physical principles of operation of terahertz HEB mixers are presented, their manufacturing from ultrathin NbN films, the main HEB-mixer parameters and their measurement techniques are discussed, and practical terahertz radioastronomy projects based on heterodyne receivers with HEB mixers are considered. | ||||
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ISSN | 0033-8443 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | UDC 537.312.62 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 472 | |||
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Author | Гольцман, Г.Н.; Лудков, Д.Н. | ||||
Title | Сверхпроводниковые смесители на горячих электронах терагерцового диапазона и их применение в радиоастрономии | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Изв. высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 8/9 | Pages | |
Keywords | HEB, mixers | ||||
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Language | russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ | Serial | 473 | ||
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Author | Корнеев, Александр Александрович | ||||
Title | Квантовая эффективность и темновой счет NbN сверхпроводникового инфракрасного однофотонного детектора | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | М. МПГУ | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
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Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 480 | |||
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Author | Масленников, Сергей Николаевич | ||||
Title | Смесители на эффекте электронного разогрева для терагерцового и инфракрасного диапазонов | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | М. МПГУ | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | HEB, detector, mixer, terahertz, THz, infrared, IR, direct detection effect, conversion loss | ||||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
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Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 481 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A.; Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A. | ||||
Title | Quantum detection by current carrying superconducting film | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Phys. C: Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. C: Supercond. |
Volume | 351 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 349-356 |
Keywords | quantum detection, phase slip centers, quasiparticle diffusion | ||||
Abstract | We describe a novel quantum detection mechanism in the superconducting film carrying supercurrent. The mechanism incorporates growing normal domain and breaking of superconductivity by the bias current. A single photon absorbed in the film creates transient normal spot that causes redistribution of the current and, consequently, increase of the current density in superconducting areas. When the current density exceeds the critical value, the film switches into resistive state and generates the voltage pulse. Analysis shows that a submicron-wide film of conventional low temperature superconductor operated in liquid helium may detect single far-infrared photon. The amplitude and duration of the voltage pulse are in the millivolt and picosecond range, respectively. The quantitative model is presented that allows simulation of the detector utilizing this detection mechanism. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0921-4534 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 507 | |||
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Author | Finkel, Matvey; Vachtomin, Yuriy; Antipov, Sereey; Drakinski, Vladimir; Kaurova, Natalia; Voronov, Boris; Goltsman, Greeory | ||||
Title | Gain bandwidth and noise temperature of NbTiN HEB mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 276-285 | ||
Keywords | NbTiN HEB mixer | ||||
Abstract | We have determined that the gain bandwidth of phonon-cooled HEB mixer employing NbTiN films deposited on MgO layer over Si substrate is limited b y the escape of phonons to the substrate. The cut-off frequencies of 1 um long devices operating at T 71, based on 3.5 nm. 4 nm and 10 nm thick films amount to 400 Mk. 300 MHz, and 100 MHz, respectivel y . The gain bandwidth of 0.13 . um long devices fabricated from 3.5 nm thick film is larger and amounts to 0.8 GIL; at the optimal operating point and to 1.5 GIL: at larger bias. The increase of the gain bandwidth from 400 MHz up to 1.5 GH: with the change of bridge length is attributed to diffusion cooling. A double sideband noise temperature of 4000 K was obtained for heterodyne receiver utilizing pilot NbTiN HEB mixer (not optimized for normal state resistance) operating at the local oscillator frequency of 2.5 THz. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1500 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Matvienko, V.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Currie, M.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K.; Zhang, J.; Słysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, Roman | ||||
Title | Sensitivity and gigahertz counting performance of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 84 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 5338-5340 |
Keywords | SSPD, NEP, QE | ||||
Abstract | We have measured the quantum efficiencysQEd, GHz counting rate, jitter, and noise-equivalentpowersNEPdof nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectorssSSPDsdin thevisible to infrared radiation range. Our 3.5-nm-thick and 100- to 200-nm-wide meander-typedevices(total area 10310mm2), operating at 4.2 K, exhibit an experimental QE of up to 20% inthe visible range and,10% at 1.3 to 1.55mm wavelength and are potentially sensitive up tomidinfrareds,10mmdradiation. The SSPD counting rate was measured to be above 2 GHz withjitter,18 ps, independent of the wavelength. The devices’ NEP varies from,10−17W/Hz1/2for1.55mm photons to,10−20W/Hz1/2for visible radiation. Lowering the SSPD operatingtemperature to 2.3 K significantly enhanced its performance, by increasing the QE to,20% andlowering the NEP level to,3310−22W/Hz1/2, both measured at 1.26mm wavelength. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 532 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A.; Engel, A.; Il'in, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Siegel, M.; Hübers, H.-W. | ||||
Title | Ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 171-178 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We analyze the ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector in order to meet requirements for applications in near-infrared astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy. The detector exploits a combined detection mechanism, in which avalanche quasiparticle multiplication and the supercurrent jointly produce a voltage response to a single absorbed photon via successive formation of a photon-induced and a current-induced normal hotspot in a narrow superconducting strip. The response time of the detector should increase with the photon energy providing energy resolution. Depending on the superconducting material and operation conditions, the cut-off wavelength for the single-photon detection regime varies from infrared waves to visible light. We simulated the performance of the background-limited infrared direct detector and X-ray photon counter utilizing the above mechanism. Low dark count rate and intrinsic low-frequency cut-off allow for realizing a background limited noise equivalent power of 10−20 W Hz−1/2 for a far-infrared direct detector exposed to 4-K background radiation. At low temperatures, the intrinsic response time of the counter is rather determined by diffusion of nonequilibrium electrons than by the rate of energy transfer to phonons. Therefore, thermal fluctuations do not hamper energy resolution of the X-ray photon counter that should be better than 10−3 for 6-keV photons. Comparison of new data obtained with a Nb based detector and previously reported results on NbN quantum detectors support our estimates of ultimate detector performance. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1286-0042 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 534 | |||
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Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Baryshev, A.; Kooi, J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; de Korte, P.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | NbN hot electron bolometer mixers: sensitivity, LO power, direct detection and stability | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 484-489 |
Keywords | HEB mixers, direct detection effect, stability, Allan variance | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. Both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 950 K at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, using a 0.4/spl times/4 /spl mu/m HEB mixer with a spiral antenna. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. To comply with current demands on THz mixers for use in space based receivers we reduce the device size to 0.15/spl times/1 /spl mu/m and use a twin slot antenna. We report measurements of the noise temperature, LO power requirement, stability and the direct detection effect, using a mixer with a 1.6 THz twin slot antenna and a 1.462 THz solid state LO source with calibrated output power. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 546 | |||
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Author | Goltsman, Gregory N.; Vachtomin, Yuriy B.; Antipov, Sergey V.; Finkel, Matvey I.; Maslennikov, Sergey N.; Polyakov, Stanislav L.; Svechnikov, Sergey I.; Kaurova, Natalia S.; Grishina, Elisaveta V.; Voronov, Boris M. | ||||
Title | Low-noise NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers for terahertz heterodyne receivers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. 9-th WMSCI | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 9-th WMSCI |
Volume | 9 | Issue | Pages | 154-159 | |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
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Publisher | International Institute of Informatics and Systemics | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 547 | |||
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Author | Schwaab, G.W.; Sirmain, G.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H.-W.; Gol'tsman, G.; Cherednichenko, S.; Verevkin, A.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | Investigation of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixers at 2.5 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 4233-4236 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | The development of superconducting hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers has been a big step forward in the direction of quantum noise limited mixer performance at THz frequencies. Such mixers are crucial for the upcoming generation of airborne and spaceborne THz heterodyne receivers. In this paper we report on new results on a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer using e-beam lithography. The superconducting film is 3 nm thick. The mixer is 0.2 μm long and 1.5 μm wide and it is integrated in a spiral antenna on a Si substrate. The device is quasi-optically coupled through a Si lens and a dielectric beam combiner to the radiation of an optically pumped FIR ring gas laser cavity. The performance of the mixer at different THz frequencies from 0.69 to 2.55 THz with an emphasis on 2.52 THz is demonstrated. At 2.52 THz minimum DSB noise temperatures of 4200 K have been achieved at an IF of 1.5 GHz and a bandwidth of 40 MHz with the mixer mounted in a cryostat and a 0.8 m long signal path in air. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 550 | |||
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Author | Meledin, Denis; Pavolotsky, Alexey; Desmaris, Vincent.; Lapkin, Igor; Risacher, Christophe; Perez, Victor; Henke, Douglas; Nystrom, Olle; Sundin, Erik; Dochev, Dimitar; Pantaleev, Miroslav; Fredrixon, Mathias; Strandberg, Magnus; Voronov, Boris; Goltsman, Gregory; Belitsky, Victor | ||||
Title | A 1.3-THz balanced waveguide HEB mixer for the APEX telescope | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 57 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 89-98 |
Keywords | HEB, mixer, waveguide, balanced, NbN | ||||
Abstract | In this paper, we report about the development, fabrication, and characterization of a balanced waveguide hot electron bolometer (HEB) receiver for the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment telescope covering the frequency band of 1.25–1.39 THz. The receiver uses a quadrature balanced scheme and two HEB mixers, fabricated from 4- to 5-nm-thick NbN film deposited on crystalline quartz substrate with an MgO buffer layer in between. We employed a novel micromachining method to produce all-metal waveguide parts at submicrometer accuracy (the main-mode waveguide dimensions are 90×180 μm). We present details on the mixer design and measurement results, including receiver noise performance, stability and “first-light†at the telescope site. The receiver yields a double-sideband noise temperature averaged over the RF band below 1200 K, and outstanding stability with a spectroscopic Allan time more than 200 s. | ||||
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ISSN | 0018-9480 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ | Serial | 554 | ||
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Author | Ryabchun, Sergey; Tong, Cheuk-Yu Edward; Blundell, Raymond; Gol'tsman, Gregory | ||||
Title | Stabilization scheme for hot-electron bolometer receivers using microwave radiation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 19 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 14-19 |
Keywords | HEB, mixer, Allan variance, stabilization, radiometer equation | ||||
Abstract | We present the results of a stabilization scheme for terahertz receivers based on NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers that uses microwave radiation with a frequency much lower than the gap frequency of NbN to compensate for mixer current fluctuations. A feedback control loop, which actively controls the power level of the injected microwave radiation, has successfully been implemented to stabilize the operating point of the HEB mixer. This allows us to increase the receiver Allan time to 10 s and also improve the temperature resolution of the receiver by about 30% in the total power mode of operation. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ | Serial | 559 | ||
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Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Baubert, J.; Krieg, J.-M.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Desmaris, V. | ||||
Title | Gain bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers on 1.5 μm Si3N4 / SiO2 membranes | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume | 101 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 124508 (1 to 6) |
Keywords | HEB, mixer, membrane | ||||
Abstract | The gain bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers on electrically thin Si3N4/SiO2 membranes was experimentally investigated and compared with that of HEB mixers on bulk substrates. A gain bandwidth of 3.5 GHz is achieved on bulk silicon, whereas the gain bandwidth is reduced down to 0.6–0.9 GHz for mixers on 1.5 μm Si3N4/SiO2 membranes. We show that application of a MgO buffer layer on the membrane extends the gain bandwidth to 3 GHz. The experimental data were analyzed using the film-substrate acoustic mismatch approach. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 560 | |||
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Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Baubert, J.; Lecomte, B.; Dauplay, F.; Krieg, J. M.; Delorme, Y.; Feret, A.; Hübers, H. W.; Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | 2.5 THz multipixel heterodyne receiver based on NbN HEB mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 6275 | Issue | Pages | 62750I (1 to 11) | |
Keywords | HEB, mixer, membrane | ||||
Abstract | A 16 pixel heterodyne receiver for 2.5 THz has been developed based on NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The receiver uses a quasioptical RF coupling approach where HEB mixers are integrated into double dipole antennas on 1.5 µm thick Si3N4/SiO2 membranes. Spherical mirrors (one per pixel) and backshort distance from the antenna have been used to design the output mixer beam profile. The camera design allows all 16 pixel IF readout in parallel. The gain bandwidth of the HEB mixers on Si3N4/SiO2 membranes was found to be 0.7÷0.9 GHz, which is much smaller than for similar devices on silicon. Application of buffer layers and use of alternative types of membranes (e.g. silicon-on-insulator) is under investigation. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 561 | |||
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Author | Kawamura, Jonathan; Blundell, Raymond; Tong, C.-Y. Edward; Papa, D. Cosmo; Hunter, Todd R.; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Cherednichenko, Sergei; Voronov, Boris; Gershenzon, Eugene | ||||
Title | First light with an 800 GHz phonon-cooled HEB mixer receiver | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 35-43 | ||
Keywords | HEB, mixer, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range | ||||
Abstract | Phonon-cooled superconductive hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixers are incorporated in a waveguide receiver designed to operate near 800 Gliz. The mixer elements are thin-film nio- bium nitride microbridges with dimensions of 4 nm thickness, 0.2 to 0.3 p.m in length and 2 jun in width. At 780 GHz the best receiver noise temperature is 840 K (DSB). The mixer IF bandwidth is 2.0 GHz, the absorbed LO power is —0.1 1.1W. A fixed-tuned version of the re- ceiver was installed at the Submillimeter Telescope Observatory on Mt. Graham, Arizona, to conduct astronomical observations. These observations represent the first time that a receiver incorporating any superconducting HEB mixer has been used to detect a spectral line of celes- tial origin. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Pasadena, California, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 572 | |||
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Author | Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Papa, D. C.; Hunter, T. R.; Paine, S. N.; Patt, F.; Gol'tsman, G.; Cherednichenko, S.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | Superconductive hot-electron-bolometer mixer receiver for 800-GHz operation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. |
Volume | 48 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 683-689 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation, linearity, dynamic range | ||||
Abstract | In this paper, we describe a superconductive hot-electron-bolometer mixer receiver designed to operate in the partially transmissive 350-μm atmospheric window. The receiver employs an NbN thin-film microbridge as the mixer element, in which the main cooling mechanism of the hot electrons is through electron-phonon interaction. At a local-oscillator frequency of 808 GHz, the measured double-sideband receiver noise temperature is TRX=970 K, across a 1-GHz intermediate-frequency bandwidth centered at 1.8 GHz. We have measured the linearity of the receiver and the amount of local-oscillator power incident on the mixer for optimal operation, which is PLO≈1 μW. This receiver was used in making observations as a facility instrument at the Heinrich Hertz Telescope, Mt. Graham, AZ, during the 1998-1999 winter observing season. | ||||
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ISSN | 0018-9480 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ | Serial | 573 | ||
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Author | Tong, C.-Y.E.; Meledin, D.V.; Marrone, D.P.; Paine, S.N.; Gibson, H.; Blundell, R. | ||||
Title | Near field vector beam measurements at 1 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Microw. Compon. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 235-237 |
Keywords | HEB, mixer, waveguide, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range | ||||
Abstract | We have performed near-field vector beam measurements at 1.03 THz to characterize and align the receiver optics of a superconducting receiver. The signal source is a harmonic generator mounted on an X-Y translation stage. We model the measured two-dimensional complex beam pattern by a fundamental Gaussian mode, from which we derive the position of the beam center, the beam radius and the direction of propagation. By performing scans in the planes separated by 400 mm, we have confirmed that our beam pattern measurements are highly reliable. | ||||
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ISSN | 1531-1309 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ | Serial | 574 | ||
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Author | Cao, Aiqin; Jiang, L.; Chen, S.H.; Antipov, S.V.; Shi, S.C. | ||||
Title | IF gain bandwidth of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Proc. International conference on microwave and millimeter wave technology | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. ICMMT |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-3 | ||
Keywords | HEB, mixer, gain bandwidth | ||||
Abstract | In this paper, the intermediate frequency (IF) gain bandwidth of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer is investigated at 500 GHz with an IF system incorporating with a frequency down-converting scheme which is able to sweep the IF signal in a frequency range of 0.3-4 GHz. The IF gain bandwidth of the device is measured to be 1.5 GHz when it is biased at a voltage of the minimum noise temperature, and becomes larger when the bias voltage increases. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Builin | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ | Serial | 575 | ||
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Author | Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer with additional diffusion cooling | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Proc. 20th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 20th ISSTT |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 151-154 | ||
Keywords | HEB, mixer, bandwidth, noise temperatue, in-situ contacts, in situ contacts | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Charlottesville, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 590 | |||
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Author | Tretyakov, I. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Finkel, M. I.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G.N. | ||||
Title | NbN HEB mixer: fabrication, noise temperature reduction and characterization | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Proc. Basic problems of superconductivity | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | HEB, mixer, noise temperature, conversion gain bandwidth | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate that in the terahertz region superconducting hot-electron mixers offer the lowest noise temperature, opening the possibility of using HTS's in the future to fabricate these devices. Specifically, a noise temperature of 950 K was measured for the receiver operating at 2.5 THz with a NbN HEB mixer, and a gain bandwidth of 6 GHz was measured at 300 GHz near Tc for the same mixer. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow-Zvenigorod | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 591 | |||
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Author | Финкель, М. И. | ||||
Title | Терагерцовые смесители на эффекте электронного разогрева в ультратонких плёнках NbN и NbTiN | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | М. МПГУ | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | HEB, detector, mixer, terahertz, THz, infrared, IR, direct detection effect, conversion bandwidth, conversion loss | ||||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 597 | |||
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Author | Рябчун, С. А. | ||||
Title | Широкополосные высокостабильные терагерцовые смесители на горячих электронах из тонких сверхпроводниковых пленок NbN | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | М. МПГУ | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 98 | ||
Keywords | HEB, mixer, terahertz, THz, stability, Allan variance, conversion bandwidth, in-situ technique, Au contacts | ||||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 598 | |||
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