Semenov, A., Hübers, H. - W., Engel, A., & Gol'tsman, G. N. (2002). Background limited superconducting quantum detector for astronomy. In NASA/ADS.
Abstract: We present the concept of the superconducting quantum detector for astronomy. Response to a single absorbed photon appears due to successive formation of a normal spot and phase-slip-centers in a narrow strip carrying sub-critical supercurrent. The detector simultaneously has a moderate energy resolution and a variable cut-off wavelength depending on both the material used and operation conditions. We simulated performance of the background-limited direct detector having the 100- micrometer cut-off wavelength. Low dark count rate will allow to realize 10-21 W Hz-1/2 noise equivalent power at 4 K background radiation. The intrinsic recovery time of the counter is rather determined by diffusion of nonequilibrium electrons, thus, thermal fluctuations do not hamper energy resolution of the detector. Provided an appropriate readout technique, the resolution should be better than 1/20 at 50- micrometer wavelength. Planar layout and relatively simple technology favor integration of the detector into an array.
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Yagoubov, P., Kroug, M., Merkel, H., Kollberg, E., Schubert, J., Hubers, H. - W., et al. (1998). Performance of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer at Terahertz frequencies. In Proc. 6-th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electron. (pp. 149–152).
Abstract: The performance of a NbN based phonon-cooled Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixer is investigated in the 0.65-3.12 THz frequency range. The device is made from a 3 nm thick NbN film on high resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The in-plane dimensions of the bolometer strip are 0.2/spl times/2 /spl mu/m. The results of the DSB noire temperature are: 1300 K at 650 GHz, 4700 K at 2.5 TBz and 10000 K at 3.12 THz. The RF bandwidth of the receiver is at least 2.5 THz. The amount of LO power absorbed in the bolometer is about 100 nW. The mixer is linear to within 1 dB compression up to the signal level 10 dB below that of the LO. The intrinsic single sideband conversion gain is measured to be -9 dB, the total conversion gain -14 dB.
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Hoogeveen, R. W. M., Yagoubov, P. A., Maurellis, A., Koshelets, V. P., Shitov, S. V., Mair, U., et al. (2003). New cryogenic heterodyne techniques applied in TELIS: the balloonborne THz and submillimeter limb sounder for atmospheric research. In M. Strojnik (Ed.), Proc. SPIE (Vol. 5152, pp. 347–355). SPIE.
Abstract: We present a design concept for a new state-of-the-art balloon borne atmospheric monitor that will allow enhanced limb sounding of the Earth’s atmosphere within the submillimeter and far-infrared wavelength spectral range: TELIS, TErahertz and submm LImb Sounder. The instrument is being developed by a consortium of major European institutes that includes the Space Research Organization of the Netherlands (SRON), the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) will utilize state-of-the-art superconducting heterodyne technology and is designed to be a compact, lightweight instrument cpaable of providing broad spectral coverage, high spectral resolution and long flight duration ( 24 hours duration during a single flight campaign). The combination of high sensitivity and extensive flight duration will allow evaluation of the diurnal variation of key atmospheric constitutenets sucyh as OH, HO2, ClO, BrO togehter will onger lived constituents such as O3, HCL and N2O. Furthermore, TELIS will share a common balloon platform to that of the MIPAS-B Fourier Transform Spectrometer, developed by the Institute of Meteorology and Climate research of the over an extended spectral range. The combination of the TELIS and MIPAS instruments will provide atmospheric scientists with a very powerful observational tool. TELIS will serve as a testbed for new cryogenic heterodyne detection techniques, and as such it will act as a prelude to future spaceborne instruments planned by the European Space Agency (ESA).
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Hübers, H. - W., Semenov, A., Schubert, J., Gol'tsman, G., Voronov, B., & Gershenzon, E. (2000). Performance of the phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer between 0.7 THz and 5.2 THz. In Proc. 8-th Int. Conf. on Terahertz Electronics (pp. 117–119).
Abstract: We report on the phonon cooled NbN hot electron bolometer as mixer in the terahertz frequency range. Its hybrid antenna consists of a hyperhemispheric silicon lens and a logarithmic-spiral feed antenna. Noise temperatures have been measured between 0.7 THz and 5.2 THz. A quarter wavelength layer of Parylene works as antireflection coating for the silicon lens and reduces the noise temperature by about 30. It was found that the antenna pattern at 2.5 THz is determined by the feed antenna and not by the diameter of the lens.
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Yagoubov, P., Hübers, H. - W., Gol’tsman, G., Semenov, A., Gao, J., Hoogeveen, R., et al. (2001). Hot-electron bolometer mixers – technology for far-infrared heterodyne instruments in future atmospheric chemistry missions. In S. Buehler, & Berlin (Eds.), Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Submillimeter Wave Earth Observation From Space (pp. 57–69). Logos-Verlag.
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