Records |
Author |
Verevkin, A.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Zhang, J.; Currie, M.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R. |
Title |
Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for near-infrared-wavelength quantum communications |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
J. Modern Opt. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Modern Opt. |
Volume |
51 |
Issue |
9-10 |
Pages |
1447-1458 |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
Abstract |
The paper reports progress on the design and development of niobium-nitride, superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultrafast counting of near-infrared photons for secure quantum communications. The SSPDs operate in the quantum detection mode, based on photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-width superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 3.5 nm thick NbN films and kept at cryogenic (liquid helium) temperatures inside a cryostat. The detector experimental quantum efficiency in the photon-counting mode reaches above 20% in the visible radiation range and up to 10% at the 1.3–1.55 μn infrared range. The dark counts are below 0.01 per second. The measured real-time counting rate is above 2 GHz and is limited by readout electronics (the intrinsic response time is below 30 ps). The SSPD jitter is below 18 ps, and the best-measured value of the noise-equivalent power (NEP) is 2 × 10−18 W/Hz1/2. at 1.3 μm. In terms of photon-counting efficiency and speed, these NbN SSPDs significantly outperform semiconductor avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers. |
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0950-0340 |
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Call Number |
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1488 |
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Author |
Ryabchun, S.; Korneev, A.; Matvienko, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
Title |
Superconducting single photon detectors array based on hot electron phenomena |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
242-247 |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD arrays, SNSPD |
Abstract |
In this paper we propose to use time domain multiplexing for large format arrays of superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs) of the terahertz, visible and infrared frequency ranges based on ultrathin superconducting NbN films. Effective realization of time domain multiplexing for SSPD arrays is possible due to a short electric pulse of the SSPD as response to radiation quantum absorption, picosecond jitter and extremely low noise equivalent power (NEP). We present experimental results of testing 2×2 arrays in the infrared waveband. The measured noise equivalent power in the infrared and expected for the terahertz waveband is 10 – 21 WHz -1/2 . The best quantum efficiency (QE) of SSPD is 50% at 1.3 µm wavelength. |
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Serial |
1493 |
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Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Izbenko, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R. |
Title |
Nano-structured superconducting single-photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment |
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Volume |
520 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
527-529 |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
Abstract |
NbN detectors, formed into meander-type, 10×10-μm2 area structures, based on ultrathin (down to 3.5-nm thickness) and nanometer-width (down to below 100 nm) NbN films are capable of efficiently detecting and counting single photons from the ultraviolet to near-infrared optical wavelength range. Our best devices exhibit QE >15% in the visible range and ∼10% in the 1.3–1.5-μm infrared telecommunication window. The noise equivalent power (NEP) ranges from ∼10−17 W/Hz1/2 at 1.5 μm radiation to ∼10−19 W/Hz1/2 at 0.56 μm, and the dark counts are over two orders of magnitude lower than in any semiconducting competitors. The intrinsic response time is estimated to be <30 ps. Such ultrafast detector response enables a very high, GHz-rate real-time counting of single photons. Already established applications of NbN photon counters are non-invasive testing and debugging of VLSI Si CMOS circuits and quantum communications. |
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0168-9002 |
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1495 |
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Rubtsova, I.; Korneev, A.; Matvienko, V.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Goltsman, G.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. |
Title |
Spectral sensitivity, quantum efficiency, and noise equivalent power of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors in the IR range |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
461-462 |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
Abstract |
We have developed nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors capable of GHz-rate photon counting in the 0.4 to 5 /spl mu/m wavelength range. Quantum efficiency of 30%, dark count rate 3/spl times/10/sup -4/ s/sup -1/, and NEP=10/sup -20/ W/Hz/sup -1/2/ have been measured at the 1.3-/spl mu/m wavelength for the device operating at 2.0 K. |
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1507 |
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Korneev, A.; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. |
Title |
GHz counting rate NbN single-photon detector for IR diagnostics of VLSI CMOS circuits |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Microelectronic Engineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microelectronic Engineering |
Volume |
69 |
Issue |
2-4 |
Pages |
274-278 |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications |
Abstract |
We present a new, simple to manufacture superconducting single-photon detector operational in the range from ultraviolet to mid-infrared radiation wavelengths. The detector combines GHz counting rate, high quantum efficiency and very low level of dark (false) counts. At 1.3–1.5 μm wavelength range our detector exhibits a quantum efficiency of 5–10%. The detector photoresponse voltage pulse duration was measured to be about 150 ps with jitter of 35 ps and both of them were limited mostly by our measurement equipment. In terms of quantum efficiency, dark counts level, speed of operation the detector surpasses all semiconductor counterparts and was successfully applied for CMOS integrated circuits diagnostics. |
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0167-9317 |
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Call Number |
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1511 |
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