|
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Svechnikov, S.; Gershenzon, E. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
|
|
Title |
Noise temperature and local oscillator power requirement of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at terahertz frequencies |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
|
|
Volume |
73 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
2814-2816 |
|
|
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, noise temperature, local oscillator power |
|
|
Abstract |
In this letter, the noise performance of NbN-based phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric quasioptical mixers is investigated in the 0.55–1.1 THz frequency range. The best results of the double-sideband <cd><2018>DSB<cd><2019> noise temperature are: 500 K at 640 GHz, 600 K at 750 GHz, 850 K at 910 GHz, and 1250 K at 1.1 THz. The water vapor in the signal path causes significant contribution to the measured receiver noise temperature around 1.1 THz. The devices are made from 3-nm-thick NbN film on high-resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The in-plane dimensions of the bolometer strip are typically 0.2Ï«2 um. The amount of local oscillator power absorbed in the bolometer is less than 100 nW. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference ![sorted by Conference field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
|
Serial |
911 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Bell, M.; Sergeev, A.; Mitin, V.; Bird, J.; Verevkin, A.; Gol'tsman, G. |
|
|
Title |
One-dimensional resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
arXiv:0709.0709v1 [cond-mat.supr-con] |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
1-11 |
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
We investigate competition between one- and two-dimensional topological excitations – phase slips and vortices – in formation of resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors in a wide temperature range below the mean-field transition temperature T(C0). The widths w = 100 nm of our ultrathin NbN samples is substantially larger than the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length ξ = 4nm and the fluctuation resistivity above T(C0) has a two-dimensional character. However, our data shows that the resistivity below T(C0) is produced by one-dimensional excitations, – thermally activated phase slip strips (PSSs) overlapping the sample cross-section. We also determine the scaling phase diagram, which shows that even in wider samples the PSS contribution dominates over vortices in a substantial region of current/temperature variations. Measuring the resistivity within seven orders of magnitude, we find that the quantum phase slips can only be essential below this level. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference ![sorted by Conference field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
RPLAB @ atomics90 @ |
Serial |
948 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Schuck, C.; Pernice, W. H. P.; Minaeva, O.; Li, Mo; Gol'tsman, G.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
|
|
Title |
Matrix of integrated superconducting single-photon detectors with high timing resolution |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
|
|
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
2201007-2201007 |
|
|
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, array, matrix |
|
|
Abstract |
We demonstrate a large grid of individually addressable superconducting single photon detectors on a single chip. Each detector element is fully integrated into an independent waveguide circuit with custom functionality at telecom wavelengths. High device density is achieved by fabricating the nanowire detectors in traveling wave geometry directly on top of silicon-on-insulator waveguides. Our superconducting single photon detector matrix includes detector designs optimized for high detection efficiency, low dark count rate, and high timing accuracy. As an example, we exploit the high timing resolution of a particularly short nanowire design to resolve individual photon round-trips in a cavity ring-down measurement of a silicon ring resonator. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1051-8223 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference ![sorted by Conference field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1373 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Trifonov, A.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Ryabchun, S.; Gol'tsman, G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
|
|
Title |
Probing the stability of HEB mixers with microwave injection |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
|
|
Volume |
25 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
2300404 (1 to 4) |
|
|
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixer, stability, Allan-variance |
|
|
Abstract |
Using a microwave probe as a tool, we have performed experiments aimed at understanding the origin of the output-power fluctuations in hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers. We use a probe frequency of 1.5 GHz. The microwave probe picks up impedance changes of the HEB, which are examined upon demodulation of the reflected wave outside the cryostat. This study shows that the HEB mixer operates in two different regimes under a terahertz pump. At a low pumping level, strong pulse modulation is observed, as the device switches between the superconducting state and the normal state at a rate of a few megahertz. When pumped much harder, to approximate the low-noise mixer operating point, residual modulation can still be observed, showing that the HEB mixer is intrinsically unstable even in the resistive state. Based on these observations, we introduced a low-frequency termination to the HEB mixer. By terminating the device in a 50-Ω resistor in the megahertz frequency range, we have been able to improve the output-power Allan time of our HEB receiver by a factor of four to about 10 s for a detection bandwidth of 15 MHz, with a corresponding gain fluctuation of about 0.035%. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1051-8223 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference ![sorted by Conference field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1355 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Lobanov, Y.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Finkel, M.; Maslennikov, S.; Semenov, A.; Voronov, B. M.; Rodin, A. V.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
NbN hot-electron-bolometer mixer for operation in the near-IR frequency range |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
|
|
Volume |
25 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
2300704 (1 to 4) |
|
|
Keywords |
HEB mixer, IR, optical antenna |
|
|
Abstract |
Traditionally, hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers are employed for THz and “super-THz” heterodyne detection. To explore the near-IR spectral range, we propose a fiber-coupled NbN film based HEB mixer. To enhance the incident-light absorption, a quasi-antenna consisting of a set of parallel stripes of gold is used. To study the antenna effect on the mixer performance, we have experimentally studied a set of devices with different size of the Au stripe and spacing between the neighboring stripes. With use of the well-known isotherm technique we have estimated the absorption efficiency of the mixer, and the maximum efficiency has been observed for devices with the smallest pitch of the alternating NbN and NbN-Au stripes. Also, a proper alignment of the incident Eâƒ<2014>-field with respect to the stripes allows us to improve the coupling further. Studying IV-characteristics of the mixer under differently-aligned Eâƒ<2014>-field of the incident radiation, we have noticed a difference in their shape. This observation suggests that a difference exists in the way the two waves with orthogonal polarizations parallel and perpendicular Eâƒ<2014>-field to the stripes heat the electrons in the HEB mixer. The latter results in a variation in the electron temperature distribution over the HEB device irradiated by the two waves. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference ![sorted by Conference field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
|
Serial |
952 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, Roman; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Smimov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Spectral sensitivity and temporal resolution of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors |
Type |
Conference Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
105-111 |
|
|
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
|
|
Abstract |
We report our studies on spectral sensitivity and time resolution of superconducting NbN thin film single-photon detectors (SPDs). Our SPDs exhibit an everimentally measured detection efficiencies (DE) from — 0.2% at 2=1550 nm up to —3% at lambda=405 nm wavelength for 10-nm film thickness devices and up to 3.5% at lambda=1550 nm for 3.5-nm film thickness devices. Spectral dependences of detection efficiency (DE) at 2=0.4 —3.0 pm range are presented. With variable optical delay setup, it is shown that NbN SPD potentially can resolve optical pulses with the repetition rate up to 10 GHz at least. The observed full width at the half maximum (FWHM) of the signal pulse is about 150-180 ps, limited by read-out electronics. The jitter of NbN SPD is measured to be —35 ps at optimum biasing. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference ![sorted by Conference field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1528 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Hajenius, M.; Barends, R.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Local resistivity and the current-voltage characteristics of hot electron bolometer mixers |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
|
|
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
495-498 |
|
|
Keywords |
HEB mixer distributed model, HEB distributed model, distributed HEB model |
|
|
Abstract |
Hot-electron bolometer devices, used successfully in low noise heterodyne mixing at frequencies up to 2.5 THz, have been analyzed. A distributed temperature numerical model of the NbN bridge, based on a local electron and a phonon temperature, is used to model pumped IV curves and understand the physical conditions during the mixing process. We argue that the mixing is predominantly due to the strongly temperature dependent local resistivity of the NbN. Experimentally we identify the origins of different transition temperatures in a real HEB device, suggesting the importance of the intrinsic resistive transition of the superconducting bridge in the modeling. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1051-8223 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference ![sorted by Conference field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
|
Serial |
980 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Dzardanov, A.; Ekstrom, H.; Gershenzon, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Jacobsson, S.; Karasik, B.; Kollberg, E.; Okunev, O.; Voronov, B.; Yngvesson, S. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Hot-electron superconducting mixers for 20-500 GHz operation |
Type |
Conference Article |
|
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Proc. Int. Conf. on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Appl. |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
2250 |
Issue |
4D |
Pages |
276-278 |
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
Bolometdcmucers based on Nb and NbN superconducting thin films in the resistive state have been prepared for 20, 100 GHz and 350-500 GHz operation. The mixing mechanism is presumably of electron heating origin. Our measurements indicate that a conversion loss of about 6-8 dB can rather easily be achieved, and that the noise is reasonably low. The requirements on the operation mode and on the film parameters in order to obtain small conversion losses or even gain are discussed. For NbN films the availability of nearly 1 GHz IF bandwidth is experimentally demonstrated. NbN hot-electron mucers combined with slot-line tapered antenna on Si membrane or with double-dipole antenna on SiO^ substrate have been fabricated. The devices we study are considered to be very promising for use in heterodyne receivers from microwaves to terahertz frequencies. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference ![sorted by Conference field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
RPLAB @ phisix @ |
Serial |
981 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Multanovskii, V. V.; Ptitsina, N. G. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Kinetics of electron and hole binding into excitons in germanium |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Sov. Phys. JETP |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov. Phys. JETP |
|
|
Volume |
57 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
369-376 |
|
|
Keywords |
Ge, electron and hole binding |
|
|
Abstract |
The kinetics of binding of free carriers'into excitons under stationary and nonstationary conditions is studied by investigating the submillimeter photoconductivity of Ge in a wide range of temperatures and of excitation levels. It is shown that the absolute values and the temperature dependence of the binding cross section (o- T-'.' ) can be satisfactorily described by the cascade recombination theory. The value of o and its temperature dependence differ significantly from the cross sections, measured in the same manner, for capture by attracting small impurities. Under nonstationary conditions, just as in the case of recombination with shallow impurities, a signifi- cant role is played by the sticking of the carriers in highly excited states. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference ![sorted by Conference field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1711 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Heating of electrons in a superconductor in the resistive state by electromagnetic radiation |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Sov. Phys. JETP |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov. Phys. JETP |
|
|
Volume |
59 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
442-450 |
|
|
Keywords |
Nb HEB |
|
|
Abstract |
The effect of heating of electrons relative to phonons is observed and investigated in a superconducting film that is made resistive by current and by an external magnetic field. The effect is manifested by an increase of the film resistance under the influence of the electromagnetic radiation, and is not selective in the frequency band 10^10-10^15 Hz. The independence of the effect of frequency under conditions of strong scattering by static defects is attributed to the decisive role of electron-electron collisions in the distribution function. The experimentally obtained characteristic time of resistance variation near the superconducting transition corresponds to the relaxation time of the order parameter, while at lower temperatures and fields it corresponds to the time of the inelastic electron-phonon interaction. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference ![sorted by Conference field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
RPLAB @ phisix @ |
Serial |
983 |
|
Permanent link to this record |