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	Author	Финкель, М. И.; Масленников, С. Н.; Гольцман, Г. Н.
	Title	Концепция приёмного комплекса космического радиотелескопа «Миллиметрон»			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Известия высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	50	Issue	10-11	Pages	924-934
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ s @ mix_review_2007_rus			Serial	410
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	Author	Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N.
	Title	Fabrication and characterisation of NbN HEB mixers with in situ gold contacts			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proc. 19^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 19^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	62-67
	Keywords	HEB, mixer, NbN, in-situ contacts
	Abstract	We present our recent results of the fabrication and testing of NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers with in situ gold contacts. An intermediate frequency bandwidth of about 6 GHz has been measured for the mixers made of a 3.5-nm NbN film on a plane Si substrate with in situ gold contacts, compared to 3.5 GHz for devices made of the same film with ex situ gold contacts. The increase in the intermediate frequency bandwidth is attributed to additional diffusion cooling through the improved contacts, which is further supported by the its dependence on the bridge length: intermediate frequency bandwidths of 3.5 GHz and 6 GHz have been measured for devices with lengths of 0.35 μm and 0.16 μm respectively at a local oscillator frequency of 300 GHz near the superconducting transition. At a local oscillator frequency of 2.5 THz the receiver has offered a DSB noise temperature of 950 K. When compared to the previous result of 1300 K obtained at the same local oscillator frequency for devices fabricated with an ex situ route, such a low value of the noise temperature may also be attributed to the improved gold contacts.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Groningen, Netherlands	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	412
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	Author	Smirnov, A. V.; Larionov, P. A.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	NbZr films for THz phonon-cooled HEB mixers			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proc. 19^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 19^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	44-47
	Keywords	HEB, NbZr, material search
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Groningen, Netherlands	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	577
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	Author	Baselmans, J.; Kooi, J.; Baryshev, A.; Yang, Z. Q.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.
	Title	Full characterization of small volume NbN HEB mixers for space applications			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proc. 16^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 16^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	457-462
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	NbN phonon cooled HEB’s are one of the most promising bolometer mixer technologies for (near) future (space) applications. Their performance is usually quantified by mea- suring the receiver noise temperature at a given IF frequency, usually around 1 – 2 GHz. However, for any real applications it is vital that one fully knows all the relevant properties of the mixer, including LO power, stability, direct detection, gain bandwidth and noise bandwidth, not only the noise temperature at low IF frequencies. To this aim we have measured all these parameters at the optimal operating point of one single, small volume quasioptical NbN HEB mixer. We find a minimum noise temperature of 900 K at 1.46 THz. We observe a direct detection effect indicated by a change in bias current when changing from a 300 K hot load to a 77 K cold load. Due to this effect we overestimate the noise temperature by about 22% using a 300 K hot load and a 77 K cold load. The LO power needed to reach the optimal operating point is 80 nW at the receiver lens front, 59 nW inside the NbN bridge. However, using the isothermal technique we find a power absorbed in the NbN bridge of 25 nW, a difference of about a factor 2. We obtain a gain bandwidth of 2.3 GHz and a noise bandwidth of 4 GHz. The system Allan time is about 1 sec. in a 50 MHz spectral bandwidth and a deviation from white noise integration (governed by the radiometer equation) occurs at 0.2 sec., which implies a maximum integration time of a few seconds in a 1 MHz bandwidth spectrometer.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Göteborg, Sweden	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	363
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	Author	Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Smirnov, K. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Korotetskaya, Yu. P.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	Hot electron bolometer mixer for 20 – 40 THz frequency range			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proc. 16^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 16^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	393-397
	Keywords	IR NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	The developed HEB mixer was based on a 5 nm thick NbN film deposited on a GaAs substrate. The active area of the film was patterned as a 30×20 μm 2 strip and coupled with a 50 Ohm coplanar line deposited in situ. An extended hemispherical germanium lens was used to focus the LO radiation on the mixer. The responsivity of the mixer was measured in a direct detection mode in the 25÷64 THz frequency range. The noise performance of the mixer and the directivity of the receiver were investigated in a heterodyne mode. A 10.6 μm wavelength CW CO 2 laser was utilized as a local oscillator.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Göteborg, Sweden	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	369
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	Author	Loudkov, D.; Tong, C. Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	An investigation of the performance of the superconducting HEB슠mixer as a function of its RF슠embedding impedance			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	472-475
	Keywords	HEB mixer
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IEEE	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	371
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	Author	Финкель, М. И.; Масленников, С. Н.; Гольцман, Г. Н.
	Title	Супергетеродинные терагерцовые приёмники со сверхпроводниковым смесителем на электронном разогреве			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Известия высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	48	Issue	10	Pages	964-970
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 381			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	380
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	Author	Sobolewski, Roman; Xu, Ying; Zheng, Xuemei; Williams, Carlo; Zhang, Jin; Verevkin, Aleksandr; Chulkova, Galina; Korneev, Alexander; Lipatov, Andrey; Okunev, Oleg; Smirnov, Konstantin; Gol'tsman, Gregory N.
	Title	Spectral sensitivity of the NbN single-photon superconducting detector			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	IEICE Trans. Electron.	Abbreviated Journal	IEICE Trans. Electron.
	Volume	E85-C	Issue	3	Pages	797-802
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We report our studies on the spectral sensitivity of superconducting NbN thin-film single-photon detectors (SPD's) capable of GHz counting rates of visible and near-infrared photons. In particular, it has been shown that a NbN SPD is sensitive to 1.55-µm wavelength radiation and can be used for quantum communication. Our SPD's exhibit experimentally measured intrinsic quantum efficiencies from 20% at 800 nm up to 1% at 1.55-µm wavelength. The devices demonstrate picosecond response time (<100 ps, limited by our readout system) and negligibly low dark counts. Spectral dependencies of photon counting of continuous-wave, 0.4-µm to 3.5-µm radiation, and 0.63-µm, 1.33-µm, and 1.55-µm laser-pulsed radiations are presented for the single-stripe-type and meander-type devices.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1531
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	Author	Корнеев, А. А.; Минаева, О.; Рубцова, И.; Милостная, И.; Чулкова, Г.; Воронов, Б.; Смирнов, К.; Селезнёв, В.; Гольцман, Г.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Cross, A.; Alvarez, P.; Верёвкин, А.; Sobolewski, R.
	Title	Сверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор на основе ультратонкой пленки NbN			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Квантовая электроника	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	35	Issue	8	Pages	698-700
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Представлены результаты исследований сверхпроводящих однофотонных детекторов, изготовленных из ультратонкой пленки NbN. Развитие технологического процесса изготовления детекторов, а также снижение рабочей температуры до 2 К позволили существенно увеличить квантовую эффективность: для видимого света (λ = 0.56 мкм) она составила 30%–40%, т.е. достигла предела, определяемого коэффициентом поглощения пленки. С ростом длины волны квантовая эффективность экспоненциально падает, составляя ~20% на λ=1.55 мкм и ~0.02% на λ = 5 мкм. При скорости темнового счета ~10-4s-1 экспериментально измеренная эквивалентная мощность шума составила 1.5 × 10-20 Вт/Гц-1/2; в дальнейшем она может быть уменьшена до рекордно низкого значения 5 × 10-21 Вт/Гц-1/2. Временное разрешение детектора равно 30 пс.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 383 (Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detector)			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	382
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	Author	Maslennikov, S. N.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Zhang, W.; Ozhegov, R.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Smirnov, K. V.; Korotetskaya, Yu. P.; Kaurova, N. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.
	Title	Spiral antenna coupled and directly coupled NbN HEB mixers in the frequency range from 1 to 70 THz			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proc. 17^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 17^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	177-179
	Keywords	directly coupled NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We investigate both antenna coupled and directly coupled HEB mixers at several LO frequencies within the range of 2.5 THz to 70 THz. H20 (2.5+10.7 THz), and CO2 (30 THz) gas discharge lasers are used as the local oscillators. The noise temperature of antenna coupled mixers is measured at LO frequencies of 2.5 THz, 3.8 THz, and 30 THz. The results for both antenna coupled and directly coupled mixer types are compared. The devices with in—plane dimensions of 5x5 ,um 2 are pumped by LO radiation at 10.7 THz. The directly coupled HEB demonstrates nearly flat dependence of responsivity on frequency in the range of 25+64 THz.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Paris, France	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	386
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	Author	Gol'tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Antipov, A.; Divochiy, A.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pan, D.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R.
	Title	Middle-infrared to visible-light ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proc. ASC	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Seattle	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ s @ SSPD_cavity_ASC			Serial	389
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	Author	Гершензон, Е. М.; Гершензон, М. Е.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Семенов, А. Д.; Сергеев, А. В.
	Title	Неселективное воздействие электромагнитного излучения на сверхпроводящую пленку в резистивном состоянии			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1982	Publication	Письма в ЖЭТФ	Abbreviated Journal	Письма в ЖЭТФ
	Volume	36	Issue	7	Pages	241-244
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 1717			Approved	no
	Call Number	MSPU @ s @			Serial	225
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	Author	Гершензон, Е. М.
	Title	Воздействие электромагнитного излучения на сверхпроводящую плёнку ниобия в резистивном состоянии			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1982	Publication	Тезисы докладов 22 Всесоюзной конференции по физике низких температур	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	79-80
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	231
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S.; Potoskuev, S. E.
	Title	Intense electromagnetic radiation heating of electrons of a superconductor in the resistive state			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys.
	Volume	14	Issue	7	Pages	414-420
	Keywords	HEB
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 1697			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	236
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.
	Title	Limiting characteristic of fast superconducting bolometers			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1989	Publication	Sov. Phys.-Tech. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	Sov. Phys.-Tech. Phys.
	Volume	34	Issue		Pages	195-199
	Keywords	HEB
	Abstract	Теоретически и экспериментально исследовано физическое ограничение быстродействия сверхпроводящего болометра. Показано, что минимальная постоянная времени реализуется в условиях электронного разогрева и определяется процессом неупругого электрон-фонон- ного взаимодействия. Сформулированы требования кконструкции «электронного болометра» для достижения предельной чувствительности. Проведено сравнение характеристик электронного болометра и обычных болометров различных типов.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	О предельных характеристиках быстродействующих серхпроводниковых болометров			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	237
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	Author	Гершензон, Е. М.; Гершензон, М. Е.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Люлькин, А. М.; Семенов, А. Д.; Сергеев, А. В.
	Title	О предельных характеристиках быстродействующих серхпроводниковых болометров			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1989	Publication	Журнал технической физики	Abbreviated Journal	Журнал технической физики
	Volume	59	Issue	2	Pages	111-120
	Keywords	HEB
	Abstract	Теоретически и экспериментально исследовано физическое ограничение быстродействия сверхпроводящего болометра. Показано, что минимальная постоянная времени реализуется в условиях электронного разогрева и определяется процессом неупругого электрон-фонон- ного взаимодействия. Сформулированы требования кконструкции «электронного болометра» для достижения предельной чувствительности. Проведено сравнение характеристик электронного болометра и обычных болометров различных типов.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 237			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	238
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gusev, Yu. P.; Elantiev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.
	Title	Millimeter and submillimeter wave range mixer based on electronic heating of superconducting films in the resistive state			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Sov. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	Sov. Supercond.
	Volume	3	Issue	10	Pages	1582-1597
	Keywords	HEB mixers
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	240
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Goltsman, G. N.; Lulkin, A.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.
	Title	Electron-phonon interaction in ultrathin Nb films			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Sov. Phys. JETP	Abbreviated Journal	Sov. Phys. JETP
	Volume	70	Issue	3	Pages	505-511
	Keywords	Nb films
	Abstract	A study was made of the heating of electrons in normal resistive states of superconducting thin Nb films. The directly determined relaxation time of the resistance of a sample and the rise of the electron temperature were used to find the electron-phonon interaction time rep,, The dependence of rep, on the mean free path of electrons re,, a 1-'demonstrated, in agreement with the theoretical predictions, that the contribution of the inelastic scattering of electrons by impurities to the energy relaxation process decreased at low temperatures and the observed temperature dependence rep, a T 2 was due to a modification of the phonon spectrum in thin fllms. 1. Much new information on the electron-phonon interaction time?;,, in thin films of normal metals and superconductors has been published recently. This information has been obtained mainly as a result of two types of measurement. One includes experiments on weak electron localization investigated by the method of quantum interference corrections to the conductivity of disordered conductors, which can be used to find the relaxation time T, of the phase of the electron wave function. In the absence of the scattering of electrons by paramagnetic impurities the relaxation time T, is associated with the most effective process of energy relaxation: T;= TL+ rep;, where T,, is the electronelectron relaxation time. At low temperatures, when the dependence T; a T is exhibited by thin disordered films, the dominant channel is that of the electron-electron relaxation and there is a lower limit to the temperature range in which rep, can be investigated.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	241
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	Author	Karasik, B. S.; Elantiev, A. I.
	Title	Analysis of the noise performance of a hot-electron superconducting bolometer mixer			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Proc. 6^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 6^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	229-246
	Keywords	HEB mixers
	Abstract	A theoretical analysis for the noise temperature of hot–electron superconducting mixer has been presented. Thecontributions of both Johnson noise and electron temperature fluctuations have been evaluated. A set of criteriaensuring low noise performance of the mixer has been stated and a simple analytic expression for the noisetemperature of the mixer device has been suggested. It has been shown that an improvement of the mixer sensitivitydoes not necessarily follow by a decrease of the bandwidth. An SSB noise temperature limit due to the intrinsic noisemechanisms has been estimated to be as low as 40–90 K for a mixer device made from Nb or NbN thin film.Furthermore, the conversion gain bandwidth can be as wide as is allowed by the intrinsic electron temperaturerelaxation time if an appropriate choice of the mixer resistance has been made. The intrinsic mixer noise bandwidthis of 3 GHz for Nb device and of 5 GHz for NbN device. An additional improvement of the theory has been madewhen a distinction between the impedance measured at high intermediate frequency (larger than the mixerbandwidth) and the mixer ohmic resistance has been taken into account.Recently obtained experimental data on Nb and NbNbolometer mixer devices are viewed in connection with thetheoretical predictions.The noise temperature limit has also been specified for the mixer device where an outdiffusion coolingmechanism rather than the electron–phonon energy relaxation determines the mixer bandwidth. A consideration ofthe noise performance of a bolometer mixer made from YBaCuO film utilizing a hot–electron effect has been done.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Pasadena, Ca	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	258
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	Author	Yagubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Seidman, L.; Siomash, V.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E.
	Title	The bandwidth of HEB mixers employing ultrathin NbN films on sapphire substrate			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Proc. 7^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 7^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	290-302
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers, fabrication process
	Abstract	We report on some unusual features observed during fabrication of ultrathin NbN films with high Tc. The films were used to fabricate HEB mixers, which were evaluated for IF bandwidth measurements at 140 GHz. Ultrathin films were fabricated using reactive dc magnetron sputtering with a discharge current source. Reproducible parameters of the films are assured keeping constant the difference between the discharge voltage in pure argon, and in a gas mixture, for the same current. A maximum bandwidth of 4 GHz at optimal LO and dc bias was obtained for mixer chip based on NbN film 35 A thick with Tc = 11 K.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Charlottesville, Virginia, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	266
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	Author	Kroug, M.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kollberg, E.
	Title	NbN quasioptical phonon cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at THz frequencies			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1997	Publication	Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser.
	Volume	1	Issue		Pages	405-408
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract
	Address	Veldhoven
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0951-3248	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	3rd Eur. Conf. on Applied Superconductivity
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1600
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	Author	Cherednichenko, S.; Yagoubov, P.; Il'In, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.
	Title	Large bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers on sapphire substrates			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1997	Publication	Proc. 8^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 8^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	245-257
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers, fabrication process
	Abstract	The bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers has been systematically investigated with respect to the film thickness and film quality variation. The films, 2.5 to 10 mm thick, were fabricated on sapphire substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering. All devices consisted of several parallel strips, each 1 1.1 wide and 211 long, placed between Ti-Au contact pads. To measure the gain bandwidth we used two identical BWOs operating in the 120-140 GHz frequency range, one functioning as a local oscillator and the other as a signal source. The majority of the measurements were made at an ambient temperature of 4.5 K with optimal LO and DC bias. The maximum 3 dB bandwidth (about 4 GHz) was achieved for the devices made of films which were 2.5-3.5 nm thick, had a high critical temperature, and high critical current density. A theoretical analysis of bandwidth for these mixers based on the two-temperature model gives a good description of the experimental results if one assumes that the electron temperature is equal to the critical temperature.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	276
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	Author	Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C-Y. E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov, B.; Cherednichenko, S.
	Title	Phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixers for submillimeter wavelengths			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1997	Publication	Proc. 8^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 8^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	23-28
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	The noise performance of receivers incorporating NbN phonon-cooled superconducting hot electron bolometric mixers is measured from 200 GHz to 900 GHz. The mixer elements are thin-film (thickness — 4 nm) NbN with —5 to 40 pm area fabricated on crystalline quartz sub- strates. The receiver noise temperature from 200 GHz to 900 GHz demonstrates no unexpected degradation with increasing frequency, being roughly TRx ,; 1-2 K The best receiver noise temperatures are 410 K (DSB) at 430 GHz, 483 K at 636 GHz, and 1150 K at 800 GHz.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	275
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	Author	Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Jian, H.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Dickinson, J.; Waldman, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Measured results for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at 0.6-0.75 THz, 1.56 THz, and 2.5 THz			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Proc. 9^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 9^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	105-114
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1587
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	Author	Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H. W.; Svechnikov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Wang, Z.
	Title	Hot electron bolometric mixers based on NbN films deposited on MgO substrates			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser.
	Volume	167	Issue		Pages	687-690
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Barcelona, Spain	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	4th Europ. Conf. on Appl. Superconductivity, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser.
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	297
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	Author	Tong, C.-Y. Edward; Kawamura, Jonathan; Todd, R. Hunter; Papa, D. Cosmo; Blundell, Raymond.; Smith, Michael; Patt, Ferdinand; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Gershenzon, Eugene
	Title	Successful operation of a 1 THz NbN hot-electron bolometer receiver			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Proc. 11^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 11^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	49-59
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers, applications
	Abstract	A phonon-cooled NbN superconductive hot-electron bolometer receiver covering the frequency range 0.8-1.04 THz has successfully been used for astronomical observation at the Sub-Millimeter Telescope Observatory on Mount Graham, Arizona. This waveguide heterodyne receiver is a modified version of our fixed-tuned 800 GHz HEB receiver to allow for operation beyond 1 THz. The measured noise temperature of this receiver is about 1250 K at 0.81 THz, 560 K at 0.84 THz, and 1600 K at 1.035 THz. It has a 1 GHz wide IF bandwidth, centered at 1.8 GHz. This receiver has recently been used to detect the CO (9-8) molecular line emission at 1.037 THz in the Orion nebula. This is the first time a ground-based heterodyne receiver has been used to detect a celestial source above 1 THz.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	303
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	Author	Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.–W.; Schubert, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Frequency dependent noise temperature of the lattice cooled hot-electron terahertz mixer			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Proc. 11^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 11^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	39-48
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We present the measurements and the theoretical model on the frequency dependent noise temperature of a lattice cooled hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The experimentally observed increase of the noise temperature with frequency is a cumulative effect of the non-uniform distribution of the high frequency current in the bolometer and the charge imbalance, which occurs near the edges of the normal domain and contacts with normal metal. In addition, we present experimental results which show that the noise temperature of a HEB mixer can be reduced by about 30% due to a Parylene antireflection coating on the Silicon hyperhemispheric lens.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	305
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	Author	Gershenson, M. E.; Gong, D.; Sato, T.; Karasik, B. S.; Sergeev, A. V.
	Title	Millisecond electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered metal films at millikelvin temperatures			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Appl. Phys. Lett.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	79	Issue		Pages	2049-2051
	Keywords	HEB detector, FIR, far infrared
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ s @ heb_eph_interaction_Gershenzon			Serial	315
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	Author	Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.
	Title	Local oscillator power requirement and saturation effects in NbN HEB mixers			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Proc. 12^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 12^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	273-285
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range
	Abstract	The local oscillator power required for NbN hot-electron bolometric mixers (P LO ) was investigated with respect to mixer size, critical temperature and ambient temperature. P LO can be decreased by a factor of 10 as the mixer size decreases from 4×0.4 µm 2 to 0.6×0.13 µm 2 . For the smallest volume mixer the optimal local oscillator power was found to be 15 nW. We found that for such mixer no signal compression was observed up to an input signal of 2 nW which corresponds to an equivalent input load of 20,000 K. For a constant mixer volume, reduction of T c can decrease optimal local oscillator power at least by a factor of 2 without a deterioration of the receiver noise temperature. Bath temperature was found to have minor effect on the receiver characteristics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	San Diego, CA, USA	Editor	Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Inst.it.u.t.e of Technology
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	318
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	Author	Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Choumas, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Hübers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'Tsman, G.
	Title	HEB quasi-optical heterodyne receiver for THz frequencies			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Proc. 12^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	244-252
	Keywords	HEB mixer, NbN, MgO, conversion gain bandwidth, noise temperature
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	San Diego, CA, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	319
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	Author	Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Shishkov, A.; Svechnikov, S.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinski, V.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	NbN HEB mixer noise temperature measurements with hot/cold load mounted inside the helium cryostat at 300 GHz			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Proc. Int. Student Seminar on Microwave Appl. of Novel Physical Phenomena supported by IEEE	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	LETI	Place of Publication	St.-Petersburg	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	324
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	Author	Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A. D.; Richter, H.; Schubert, J.; Hadjiloucas, S.; Bowen, J. W.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.
	Title	Antenna pattern of the quasi-optical hot-electron bolometric mixer at terahertz frequencies			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Proc. 12^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 12^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	286-296
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	San Diego, CA, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	323
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	Author	Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Hartmann, W.; Vetter, A.; Kahl, O.; Lee, C.; Korneev, A.; Rockstuhl, C.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pernice, W.
	Title	Hot-spot relaxation time current dependence in niobium nitride waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Opt. Express	Abbreviated Journal	Opt. Express
	Volume	25	Issue	8	Pages	8739-8750
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, photon counting; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Integrated optics; Multiphoton processes; Photon statistics
	Abstract	We investigate how the bias current affects the hot-spot relaxation dynamics in niobium nitride. We use for this purpose a near-infrared pump-probe technique on a waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detector driven in the two-photon regime. We observe a strong increase in the picosecond relaxation time for higher bias currents. A minimum relaxation time of (22 +/- 1)ps is obtained when applying a bias current of 50% of the switching current at 1.7 K bath temperature. We also propose a practical approach to accurately estimate the photon detection regimes based on the reconstruction of the measured detector tomography at different bias currents and for different illumination conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ kovalyuk @			Serial	1118
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	Author	Vahtomin, Yuriy B.; Finkel, Matvey I.; Antipov, Sergey V.; Voronov, Boris M.; Smirnov, Konstantin V.; Kaurova, Natalia S.; Drakinski, Vladimir N.; Gol'tsman, Gregogy N.
	Title	Gain bandwidth of phonon-cooled HEB mixer made of NbN thin film with MgO buffer layer on Si			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Proc. 13^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 13^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	259-270
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers, conversion gain bandwidth
	Abstract	We present recently obtained values for gain bandwidth of NbN HEB mixers for different substrates and film thicknesses and for MgO buffer layer on Si at LO frequency of 0.85-1 THz. The maximal bandwidth, 5.2 GHz, was achieved for the device on MgO buffer layer on Si with a 2 nm thick NbN film. Functional devices based on NbN films of such thickness were fabricated for the first time due to an improvement of superconducting properties of NbN film deposited on MgO buffer layer on Si substrate.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, MA, USA	Editor	Harvard university
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	325
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	Author	Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	The sensitivity and IF bandwidth of waveguide NbN hot electron bolometer mixers on MgO buffer layers over crystalline quartz			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Proc. 13^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 13^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	65-72
	Keywords	waveguide NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We have developed and characterized waveguide phonon-cooled NbN Hot Electron Bolometer (FMB) mixers fabricated from a 3-4 nm thick NbN film deposited on a 200nm thick MgO buffer layer over crystalline quartz. Double side band receiver noise temperatures of 900-1050 K at 1.035 THz, and 1300-1400 K at 1.26 THz have been measured at an intermediate frequency of 1.5 GHz. The intermediate frequency bandwidth, measured at 0.8 THz LO frequency, is 3.2 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, MA, USA	Editor	Harvard university
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	326
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	Author	Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Merkel, H.; Kolberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Richter, H.; Hübers, H. W.
	Title	A broadband terahertz heterodyne receiver with an NbN HEB mixer			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Proc. 13^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 13^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	85-95
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	We present a broadband and low noise heterodyne receiver for 1.4-1.7 THz designed for the Hershel Space Observatory. A phonon- cooled NbN HEB mixer was integrated with a normal metal double- slot antenna and an elliptical silicon lens. DSB receiver noise temperature Tr was measured from 1 GHz through 8GHz intermediate frequency band with 50 MHz instantaneous bandwidth. At 4.2 K bath temperature and at 1.6 THz LO frequency Tr is 800 K with the receiver noise bandwidth of 5 GHz. While at 2 K bath temperature Tr was as low as 700 K. At 0.6 THz and 1.1 THz a spiral antenna integrated NbN HEB mixer showed the receiver noise temperature 500 K and 800 K, though no antireflection coating was used in this case. Tr of 1100 K was achieved at 2.5 THz while the receiver noise bandwidth was 4 GHz.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, MA, USA	Editor	Harward University
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	332
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	Author	Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.
	Title	Improved NbN phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Proc. 14^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 14^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	413-423
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers (HEBs) have been realized with negligible contact resistance to Au pads. By adding either a 5 nm Nb or a 10 nm NbTiN layer between the Au and NbN, to preserve superconductivity in the NbN under the Au contact pad, superior noise temperatures have been obtained. Using DC I,V curves and resistive transitions in combination with process parameters we analyze the nature of these improved devices and determine interface transparencies.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tucson, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	337
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	Author	Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Kaurova, N. S.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	Noise temperature measurements of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixer at 2.5 and 3.8 THz			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proc. 15^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 15^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	236-241
	Keywords	HEB mixer, NbN, direct detection effect
	Abstract	We present the results of noise temperature measurements of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixers based on a 3.5 nm NbN film deposited on a high-resistivity Si substrate with a 200 nm – thick MgO buffer layer. The mixer element was integrated with a log-periodic spiral antenna. The noise temperature measurements were performed at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz local oscillator frequencies for the 3 µm x 0.2 µm active area devices. The best uncorrected receiver noise temperatures found for these frequencies are 1300 K and 3100 K, respectively. A water vapour discharge laser was used as the LO source. We also present the results of direct detection contribution to the measured Y-factor and of a possible error of noise temperature calculation. This error was more than 8% for the mixer with in-plane dimensions of 2.4 x 0.16 µm 2 at the optimal noise temperature point. The use of a mesh filter enabled us to avoid the effect of direct detection and decrease optical losses by 0.5 dB. The paper is concluded by the investigation results of the mixer polarization response. It was shown that the polarization can differ from the circular one at 3.8 THz by more than 2 dB.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Northampton, Massachusetts, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	344
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	Author	Ozhegov, R.; Morozov, D.; Maslennikov, S.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	Submillimeter wave range imaging system for registering human body radiation and finding out the things covered under clothes			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proc. 3rd Int. exhibition and conf. Non-Destructive Testing Equipment and Devices	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Moscow	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	345
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	Author	Ожегов, Р. В.; Морозов, Д. В.; Масленников, С. Н.; Смирнов, К. В.; Окунев, О. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н.
	Title	Тепловизор субмиллиметрового диапазона волн для регистрации теплового излучения тела человека и обнаружения скрытых под одеждой предметов			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	3-я Международная выставка и конференция Неразрушающий контроль и техническая диагностика в промышленности	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Москва	Editor
	Language	russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 345			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	346
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	Author	Ozhegov, R.; Maslennikov, S.; Morozov, D.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	Imaging system for submillimeter wave range			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proc. Tenth All-Russian sceintific conference of student-physicists and young sceintists (VNKSF-10)	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Moscow	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ s @ thzimaging_vnksf10_2004			Serial	347
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	Author	Ожегов, Р. В.; Масленников, С. Н.; Морозов, Д. В.; Окунев, О. В.; Смирнов, К. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н.
	Title	Тепловизор субмиллиметрового диапазона длин волн			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Десятая всероссийская научная конференция студентов-физиков и молодых ученых (ВНКСФ-10)	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Москва	Editor
	Language	russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 347			Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ s @ thzimaging_vnksf10_2004_rus			Serial	348
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	Author	Maslennikov, S.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Antipov, S.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	NbN HEB mixers for frequencies of 2.5 and 3.8 THz			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proc. Tenth All-Russian sceintific conference of student-physicists and young sceintists (VNKSF-10)	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Moscow	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ s @ qoheb_vnksf10_2004			Serial	349
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	Author	Масленников, С. Н.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Антипов, С. В.; Смирнов, К. В.; Каурова, Н. С.; Гришина, Е. В.; Воронов, Б. М.; Гольцман, Г. Н.
	Title	Смесители на основе электронного разогрева в тонких пленках NbN для частот 2.5 и 3.8 ТГц			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Десятая всероссийская научная конференция студентов-физиков и молодых ученых (ВНКСФ-10)	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Москва	Editor
	Language	russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 349			Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ s @ qoheb_vnksf10_2004_rus			Serial	350
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	Author	Kaurova, N. S.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Vahtomin, Yu. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ilyin, K. S.
	Title	Submillimeter mixer based on YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x thin film			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proc. 1-st conf. Fundamental problems of high temperature superconductivity	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	291
	Keywords	HTS, HEB mixer
	Abstract
	Address	Moscow-Zvenigorod
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Moscow-Zvenigorod	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	355
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	Author	Каурова, Н. С.; Финкель, М. И.; Масленников, С. Н.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Антипов, С. В.; Смирнов, К. В.; Воронов, Б. М.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Ильин, К. С.
	Title	Смеситель субмиллиметрового диапазона длин волн на основе тонкой пленки YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	1-я международная конференция Фундаментальные проблемы высокотемпературной сверхпроводимости	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	291
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address	Москва-Звенигород
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Москва-Звенигород	Editor
	Language	russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ s @ htsmix_zvenigorod_2004_rus			Serial	356
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	Author	Ozhegov, R. V.; Gorshkov, K. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Filippenko, L. V.; Koshelets, V. P.
	Title	Terahertz imaging system based on superconducting integrated receiver			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Proc. 2-nd Int. Conf. Terahertz and Microwave radiation: Generation, Detection and Applications	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 2-nd Int. Conf. Terahertz and Microwave radiation: Generation, Detection and Applications
	Volume		Issue		Pages	20-22
	Keywords	SIS mixer, SIR
	Abstract	The development of terahertz imaging instruments for security systems is on the cutting edge of terahertz technology. We are developing a THz imaging system based on a superconducting integrated receiver (SIR). An SIR is a new type of heterodyne receiver based on an SIS mixer integrated with a flux-flow oscillator (FFO) and a harmonic mixer which is used for phase-locking the FFO. Developing an array of SIRs would allow obtaining amplitude and phase characteristics of incident radiation in the plane of the receiver. Employing an SIR in an imaging system means building an entirely new instrument with many advantages compare to traditional systems: i) high temperature resolution, comparable to the best results for incoherent receivers; ii) high spectral resolution allowing spectral analysis of various substances; iii) the local oscillator frequency can be varied to obtain images at different frequencies, effectively providing “color” images; iv) since a heterodyne receiver preserves the phase of the radiation, it is possible to construct 3D images. The paper presents a prototype THz imaging system using an 1 pixel SIR. We have studied the dependence of the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) on the integration time and also possible ways of achieving best possible sensitivity. An NETD of 13 mK was obtained with an integration time of 1 sec a detection bandwidth of 4 GHz at a local oscillator frequency of 520 GHz. An important advantage of an FFO is its wide operation range: 300-700 GHz.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ozhegov2010terahertz			Serial	1397
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	Author	Гольцман, Г.Н.; Лудков, Д.Н.
	Title	Сверхпроводниковые смесители на горячих электронах терагерцового диапазона и их применение в радиоастрономии			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Изв. высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	46	Issue	8/9	Pages
	Keywords	HEB, mixers
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ s @			Serial	473
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	Author	Корнеев, Александр Александрович
	Title	Квантовая эффективность и темновой счет NbN сверхпроводникового инфракрасного однофотонного детектора			Type	Manuscript
	Year	2006	Publication	М. МПГУ	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	480
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	Author	Масленников, Сергей Николаевич
	Title	Смесители на эффекте электронного разогрева для терагерцового и инфракрасного диапазонов			Type	Manuscript
	Year	2007	Publication	М. МПГУ	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	HEB, detector, mixer, terahertz, THz, infrared, IR, direct detection effect, conversion loss
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	481
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	Author	Finkel, Matvey; Vachtomin, Yuriy; Antipov, Sereey; Drakinski, Vladimir; Kaurova, Natalia; Voronov, Boris; Goltsman, Greeory
	Title	Gain bandwidth and noise temperature of NbTiN HEB mixer			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Proc. 14^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 14^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	276-285
	Keywords	NbTiN HEB mixer
	Abstract	We have determined that the gain bandwidth of phonon-cooled HEB mixer employing NbTiN films deposited on MgO layer over Si substrate is limited b y the escape of phonons to the substrate. The cut-off frequencies of 1 um long devices operating at T 71, based on 3.5 nm. 4 nm and 10 nm thick films amount to 400 Mk. 300 MHz, and 100 MHz, respectivel y . The gain bandwidth of 0.13 . um long devices fabricated from 3.5 nm thick film is larger and amounts to 0.8 GIL; at the optimal operating point and to 1.5 GIL: at larger bias. The increase of the gain bandwidth from 400 MHz up to 1.5 GH: with the change of bridge length is attributed to diffusion cooling. A double sideband noise temperature of 4000 K was obtained for heterodyne receiver utilizing pilot NbTiN HEB mixer (not optimized for normal state resistance) operating at the local oscillator frequency of 2.5 THz.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1500
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	Author	Goltsman, Gregory N.; Vachtomin, Yuriy B.; Antipov, Sergey V.; Finkel, Matvey I.; Maslennikov, Sergey N.; Polyakov, Stanislav L.; Svechnikov, Sergey I.; Kaurova, Natalia S.; Grishina, Elisaveta V.; Voronov, Boris M.
	Title	Low-noise NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers for terahertz heterodyne receivers			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proc. 9-th WMSCI	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 9-th WMSCI
	Volume	9	Issue		Pages	154-159
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	International Institute of Informatics and Systemics	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	547
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	Author	Verevkin, A.; Slysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Currie, M.
	Title	Real-time GHz-rate counting of infrared photons using nanostructured NbN superconducting detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2003	Publication	CLEO/QELS	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/QELS
	Volume		Issue		Pages	CThM8
	Keywords	NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Detectors; Photon counting; Quantum communications; Quantum cryptography; Single photon detectors; Superconductors
	Abstract	We demonstrate that our ultrathin, nanometer-width NbN superconducting single-photon detectors are capable of above 1-GHz-frequency, real-time counting of near-infrared photons. The measured system jitter of the detector is below 15 ps.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Optical Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1517
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	Author	Kawamura, Jonathan; Blundell, Raymond; Tong, C.-Y. Edward; Papa, D. Cosmo; Hunter, Todd R.; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Cherednichenko, Sergei; Voronov, Boris; Gershenzon, Eugene
	Title	First light with an 800 GHz phonon-cooled HEB mixer receiver			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Proc. 9^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 9^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	35-43
	Keywords	HEB, mixer, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range
	Abstract	Phonon-cooled superconductive hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixers are incorporated in a waveguide receiver designed to operate near 800 Gliz. The mixer elements are thin-film nio- bium nitride microbridges with dimensions of 4 nm thickness, 0.2 to 0.3 p.m in length and 2 jun in width. At 780 GHz the best receiver noise temperature is 840 K (DSB). The mixer IF bandwidth is 2.0 GHz, the absorbed LO power is —0.1 1.1W. A fixed-tuned version of the re- ceiver was installed at the Submillimeter Telescope Observatory on Mt. Graham, Arizona, to conduct astronomical observations. These observations represent the first time that a receiver incorporating any superconducting HEB mixer has been used to detect a spectral line of celes- tial origin.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Pasadena, California, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	572
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	Author	Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer with additional diffusion cooling			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Proc. 20^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 20th ISSTT
	Volume		Issue		Pages	151-154
	Keywords	HEB, mixer, bandwidth, noise temperatue, in-situ contacts, in situ contacts
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Charlottesville, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	590
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	Author	Tretyakov, I. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Finkel, M. I.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G.N.
	Title	NbN HEB mixer: fabrication, noise temperature reduction and characterization			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proc. Basic problems of superconductivity	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	HEB, mixer, noise temperature, conversion gain bandwidth
	Abstract	We demonstrate that in the terahertz region superconducting hot-electron mixers offer the lowest noise temperature, opening the possibility of using HTS's in the future to fabricate these devices. Specifically, a noise temperature of 950 K was measured for the receiver operating at 2.5 THz with a NbN HEB mixer, and a gain bandwidth of 6 GHz was measured at 300 GHz near Tc for the same mixer.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Moscow-Zvenigorod	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	591
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	Author	Финкель, М. И.
	Title	Терагерцовые смесители на эффекте электронного разогрева в ультратонких плёнках NbN и NbTiN			Type	Manuscript
	Year	2006	Publication	М. МПГУ	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	HEB, detector, mixer, terahertz, THz, infrared, IR, direct detection effect, conversion bandwidth, conversion loss
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	597
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	Author	Рябчун, С. А.
	Title	Широкополосные высокостабильные терагерцовые смесители на горячих электронах из тонких сверхпроводниковых пленок NbN			Type	Manuscript
	Year	2009	Publication	М. МПГУ	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	98
	Keywords	HEB, mixer, terahertz, THz, stability, Allan variance, conversion bandwidth, in-situ technique, Au contacts
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	598
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	Author	Шангина, Е. Л.; Смирнов, К. В.; Морозов, Д. В.; Ковалюк, В. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Веревкин, А. А.; Торопов, А. И.
	Title	Полоса и потери преобразования полупроводникового смесителя с фононным каналом охлаждения двумерных электронов			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Физика и техника полупроводников	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	44	Issue	11	Pages	1475-1478
	Keywords	2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures mixers
	Abstract	Методом субмиллиметровой спектроскопии с высоким временным разрешением измерены температурная и концентрационная зависимости полосы преобразования смесителей терагерцового диапазона AlGaAs/GaAs на разогреве двумерных электронов с фононным каналом их охлаждения. Полоса преобразования на уровне 3 дБ (f3 dB) при 4.2 K при изменении концентрации ns варьируется в пределах 150-250 МГц в соответствии со степенным законом f3 dB propto ns-0.5, что соответствует доминирующему механизму рассеяния на пьезоэлектрических фононах. Минимальное значение коэффициента потерь преобразования полупроводникового смесителя достигается в структурах с высокой подвижностью носителей mu>3·105 см2/В·с при 4.2 K.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 1216			Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	702
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	Author	Рябчун, С. А.; Третьяков, И. В.; Пентин, И. В; Каурова, Н. С.; Селезнев, В. А; Воронов, Б. М.; Финкель, М. И.; Масленников, С. Н.; Гольцман, Г. Н.
	Title	Малошумящий широкополосный терагерцовый смеситель на эффекте электронного разогрева в плёнке NbN			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Известия высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	52	Issue	8	Pages	641-648
	Keywords	HEB mixer, in-situ contacts, noise temperature, conversion gain bandwidth, diffusion cooling channel
	Abstract	Разработан и исследован смеситель на горячих электронах, изготовленный из двуслойной плёнки NbN-Au, осаждённой на кремневую подложку in situ. Двухполосная шумовая температура устройства составила 750 К на частоте 2.5 ТГц. Измерения эффективности преобразования для смесителя длиной 0.112 мкм вблизи температуры сверхпроводящего перехода показали полосу промежуточных частот около 6.5 ГГц. Эти результаты являются рекордными и были получены за счёт улучшения контактов между чувствительным элементом и спиральной антенной при замене технологического маршрута с нанесением слоёв NbN и Au в отдельных процессах на технологический процесс, в котором данные слои наносятся in situ без нарушения вакуума.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	600
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	Author	Морозов, Дмитрий Владимирович
	Title	Приемные устройства терагерцового диапазона на эффекте разогрева двумерного электронного газа в гетероструктурах AlGaAs/GaAs			Type	Manuscript
	Year	2007	Publication	М. МПГУ	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ s @			Serial	626
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	Author	Манова, Н.Н.; Корнеева, Ю.П.; Корнеев, А.А.; Слыш, В.; Воронов, Б.М.; Гольцман, Г.Н.
	Title	Сверхпроводниковый NbN однофотонный детектор, интегрированный с четвертьволновым резонатором			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Письма в Журнал технической физики	Abbreviated Journal	ПЖТФ
	Volume	37	Issue	10	Pages	7
	Keywords	SSPD
	Abstract	Исследована спектральная зависимость квантовой эффективности сверхпроводниковых NbN однофотонных детекторов, интегрированных с оптическими четвертьволновыми резонаторами с использованием диэлектриков Si3N4, SiO2, SiO.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	637
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	Author	Шангина, Е. Л.; Смирнов, К. В.; Морозов, Д. В.; Ковалюк, В. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Веревкин, А. А.; Торопов, А. И.
	Title	Концентрационная зависимость полосы преобразования смесителей субмиллиметрового диапазона на основе наноструктур AlGaAs/GaAs			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Изв. РАН Сер. Физ.	Abbreviated Journal	Изв. РАН Сер. Физ.
	Volume	74	Issue	1	Pages	110-112
	Keywords	2DEG AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, THz heterodyne detectors, IF bandwidth
	Abstract	Методом субмиллиметровой спектроскопии с высоким временным разрешением при Т = 4.2 К измерена концентрационная зависимость полосы преобразования гетеродинного детектирования гетероструктур AlGaAs/GaAs с двумерным электронным газом. С увеличением концентрации двумерных электронов ns = (1.6–6.6) Â· 1011см-2 ширина полосы преобразования f3dB уменьшается от 245 до 145 МГц. В исследованной области концентраций наблюдается зависимость f3dB , обусловленная рассеянием электронов на деформационном потенциале акустических фононов и пьезоэлектрическим рассеянием.
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	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Duplicated as 1217			Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	642
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	Author	Maslennikova, Anna; Tretyakov, Ivan; Ryabchun, Sergey; Finkel, Matvey; Kaurova, Natalia; Voronov, Boris; Gol’tsman, Gregory
	Title	Gain bandwidth and noise temperature of NbN HEB mixers with simultaneous phonon and diffusion cooling			Type	Abstract
	Year	2010	Publication	Proc. 21^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 21^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	218-219
	Keywords
	Abstract	The space observatory Millimetron will be operating in the millimeter, sub-millimeter and infrared ranges using a 12-m cryogenic telescope in a single-dish mode, and as an interferometer with the space-earth and space-space baselines (the latter after the launch of the second identical space telescope). The observatory will allow performing astronomical observations with an unprecedented sensitivity (down to nJy level) in the single-dish mode, and observations with a high angular resolution in the interferometer mode. The total spectral range 20 μm – 2 cm is separated into 10 bands. HEB mixers with two cooling channels (diffusion and phonon) have been chosen to be the detectors of choice of the system covering the range from 1 THz to 6 THz as the best detectors in terahertz receivers. This type of HEB has already shown good work in the terahertz range. A gain bandwidth of 6 GHz at an LO frequency of 300 GHz and a noise temperature of 750 K at an LO frequency of 2.5 THz are the best values for HEB mixers with two cooling channels [1]. Theoretical estimations predict a bandwidth up to 12 GHz. Reaching such good result demands more systematic and thorough research. We present the results of the gain bandwidth and noise temperature measurements for superconducting hot- electron bolometer mixers with two cooling channels. These characteristics of the devices of lengths varying from 50 to 200 nm were measured for the purposes of Millimetron at frequencies of 600 GHz, 2.5 THz, and 3.8 THz. For gain bandwidth measurements we use two BWO’s operating at 600 GHz: one as the signal and the second as the LO. The noise temperature measurements were performed using a gas discharge laser as the LO and blackbodies at 77 K and 295 K as input signals. The devices studied consist of 3.5-nm-thick NbN bridges connected to thick (10 nm) high conductivity Au leads fabricated in situ. This method of fabricating devices has already proved promising by opening the diffusion cooling channel. [2] Fig. 1 shows a SEM photograph of a log-spiral antenna with an HEB at its apex. Fig. 1. Left: a SEM photograph of a log-spiral antenna with an HEB at its apex; right: a close-up of the HEB at the antenna apex. [1] S. A. Ryabchun, I. V. Tretyakov, M. I. Finkel, S. N. Maslennikov, N. S. Kaurova, V. A. Seleznev, B. M. Voronov, and G. N. Gol’tsman, NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer with additional diffusion cooling, Proc. of the 20 th Int. Symp. Space. Technol., Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, April 20 – 22, 2009. 218[2] S. A. Ryabchun * , I. V. Tretyakov, M. I. Finkel, S. N. Maslennikov, N. S. Kaurova, V. A. Seleznev, B. M. Voronov and G. N. Goltsman, Fabrication and characterisation of NbN HEB mixers with in situ gold contacts, Proc. of the 19 th Int. Symp. Space. Technol., Groningen, The Netherlands, April 28-30, 2008
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1393
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	Author	Ларионов, П.А.; Рябчун, С.А.; Финкель, М.И.; Гольцман, Г.Н.
	Title	Вывешенный сверхпроводящий детектор терагерцового диапазона			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Труды Московского физико-технического института	Abbreviated Journal	Труды МФТИ
	Volume	3	Issue	2	Pages	29-30
	Keywords	вывешенный болометр, терагерцовый диапазон, сверхпроводящие пленки
	Abstract	Рассматриваются технологические особенности создания чувствительного вывешен- ного детектора терагерцевого диапазона на основе плёнки MoRe. Предлагается воз- можный маршрут создания такого детектора и поясняется выбор материалов, ис- пользуемых для создания детектора.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	645
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	Author	Масленникова, А. В.; Рябчун, С. А.; Финкель, М. И.; Каурова, Н. С.; Исупова, А. А.; Воронов, Б. М.; Гольцман, Г. Н.
	Title	Широкополосные смесители на горячих электронах на основе NbN наноструктур			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Труды Московского физико-технического института	Abbreviated Journal	Труды МФТИ
	Volume	3	Issue	2	Pages	31-34
	Keywords	HEB mixer
	Abstract	Мы приводим данные исследования полосы преобразования смесителей на горячих электронах (hot-electron bolometer, НЕВ), изготовленных на основе тонких пленок NbN. Зависимость полосы преобразования от длины смесительного элемента находится в прекрасном согласии с результатами теоретической модели HEB-смесителя, в котором энергетическая релаксация электронов одновременно происходит по двум каналам: фононному и диффузионному.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	646
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	Author	Feautrier, P.; le Coarer, E.; Espiau de Lamaestre, R.; Cavalier, P.; Maingault, L.; Villégier, J-C.; Frey, L.; Claudon, J.; Bergeard, N.; Tarkhov, M.; Poizat, J-P.
	Title	High-speed superconducting single photon detectors for innovative astronomical applications			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
	Volume	97	Issue	1	Pages	10
	Keywords	SSPD
	Abstract	Superconducting Single Photon Detectors (SSPD) are now mature enough to provide extremely interesting detector performances in term of sensitivity, speed, and geometry in the visible and near infrared wavelengths. Taking advantage of recent results obtained in the Sinphonia project, the goal of our research is to demonstrate the feasibility of a new family of micro-spectrometers, called SWIFTS (Stationary Wave Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer), associated to an array of SSPD, the whole assembly being integrated on a monolithic sapphire substrate coupling the detectors array to a waveguide injecting the light. This unique association will create a major breakthrough in the domain of visible and infrared spectroscopy for all applications where the space and weight of the instrument is limited. SWIFTS is an innovative way to achieve very compact spectro-detectors using nano-detectors coupled to evanescent field of dielectric integrated optics. The system is sensitive to the interferogram inside the dielectric waveguide along the propagation path. Astronomical instruments will be the first application of such SSPD spectrometers. In this paper, we describes in details the fabrication process of our SSPD built at CEA/DRFMC using ultra-thin NbN epitaxial films deposited on different orientations of Sapphire substrates having state of the art superconducting characteristics. Electron beam lithography is routinely used for patterning the devices having line widths below 200 nm and down to 70 nm. An experimental set-up has been built and used to test these SSPD devices and evaluate their photon counting performances. Photon counting performances of our devices have been demonstrated with extremely low dark counts giving excellent signal to noise ratios. The extreme compactness of this concept is interesting for space spectroscopic applications. Some new astronomical applications of such concept are proposed in this paper.
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	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	648
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	Author	Pernice, W.; Schuck, C.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X.
	Title	High speed travelling wave single-photon detectors with near-unity quantum efficiency			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	arXiv	Abbreviated Journal	arXiv
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-14
	Keywords	SPD
	Abstract	Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. Close-to-unity photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and loophole-free Bell experiments. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited the maximum attainable detection efficiency of single photon detectors. Here we demonstrate a superconducting nanowire detector atop nanophotonic waveguides and achieve single photon detection efficiency up to 94% at telecom wavelengths. Our detectors are fully embedded in a scalable, low loss silicon photonic circuit and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18ps at multi-GHz detection rates. Exploiting this high temporal resolution we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. The direct implementation of such a detector with high quantum efficiency, high detection speed and low jitter time on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	arXiv:1108.5299	Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	661
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	Author	Beck, M.; Klammer, M.; Lang, S.; Leiderer, P.; Kabanov, V. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Demsar, J.
	Title	Energy-gap dynamics of superconducting NbN thin films studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2011	Publication	arXiv	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	NbN thin film, energy gap dynamics
	Abstract	Using time-domain Terahertz spectroscopy we performed direct studies of the photoinduced suppression and recovery of the superconducting gap in a conventional BCS superconductor NbN. Both processes are found to be strongly temperature and excitation density dependent. The analysis of the data with the established phenomenological Rothwarf-Taylor model enabled us to determine the bare quasiparticle recombination rate, the Cooper pair-breaking rate and the electron-phonon coupling constant, \lambda = 1.1 +/- 0.1, which is in excellent agreement with theoretical estimates.
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	Notes	Duplicated as 641			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1388
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	Author	Korneev, Alexander; Korneeva, Yulia; Florya, Irina; Elezov, Michael; Manova, Nadezhda; Tarkhov, Michael; An, Pavel; Kardakova, Anna; Isupova, Anastasiya; Chulkova, Galina; Voronov, Boris
	Title	Recent advances in superconducting NbN single-photon detector development			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Proc. SPIE	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. SPIE
	Volume	8072	Issue		Pages	807202 (1 to 10)
	Keywords	SSPD
	Abstract	Superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) is a planar nanostructure patterned from 4-nm-thick NbN film deposited on sapphire substrate. The sensitive element of the SSPD is 100-nm-wide NbN strip. The device is operated at liquid helium temperature. Absorption of a photon leads to a local suppression of superconductivity producing subnanosecond-long voltage pulse. In infrared (at 1550 nm and longer wavelengths) SSPD outperforms avalanche photodiodes in terms of detection efficiency (DE), dark counts rate, maximum counting rate and timing jitter. Efficient single-mode fibre coupling of the SSPD enabled its usage in many applications ranging from single-photon sources research to quantum cryptography. Recently we managed to improve the SSPD performance and measured 25% detection efficiency at 1550 nm wavelength and dark counts rate of 10 s-1. We also improved photon-number resolving SSPD (PNR-SSPD) which realizes a spatial multiplexing of incident photons enabling resolving of up to 4 simultaneously absorbed photons. Another improvement is the increase of the photon absorption using a λ/4 microcavity integrated with the SSPD. And finally in our strive to increase the DE at longer wavelengths we fabricated SSPD with the strip almost twice narrower compared to the standard 100 nm and demonstrated that in middle infrared (about 3 μm wavelength) these devices have DE several times higher compared to the traditional SSPDs.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	663
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	Author	Третьяков, И.В.; Рябчун, С.А.; Каурова, Н.С.; Ларионов, П.А.; Лобастова, А.А.; Воронов, Б.М.; Финкель, М.И.; Гольцман, Г.Н.
	Title	Оптимальная поглощенная мощность гетеродина для терагерцового сверхпроводникового NbN смесителя на электронном разогреве			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Письма в Журнал технической физики	Abbreviated Journal	Письма в ЖТФ
	Volume	36	Issue	23	Pages	78-84
	Keywords
	Abstract	Представлены результаты измерений поглощенной мощности гетеродина малошумящим широкополосным смесителем на эффекте электронного разогрева в резистивном состоянии сверхпроводниковой ультратонкой пленки NbN. Оптимальная поглощенная мощность гетеродина составила около 100 nW на частоте 2.5 THz.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	703
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	Author	Ожегов, Р.В.; Горшков, К.Н.; Окунев, О.В.; Гольцман, Г.Н.
	Title	Сверхпроводниковый смеситель на эффекте электронного разогрева как элемент матрицы системы построения тепловых изображений			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Письма в Журнал технической физики	Abbreviated Journal	Письма в ЖТФ
	Volume	36	Issue	21	Pages	70-78
	Keywords
	Abstract	Исследована возможность использования матрицы чувствительных элементов на гиперполусферической линзе диаметром 12 mm в тепловизоре терагерцевого диапазона частот. Получены размеры области на линзе, приемлемой для расположения матрицы, в которой шумовая температура приемника меняется в пределах 16% от средней. Диаметр этой области составил 3.3% диаметра линзы.Получены отклонения основного лепестка диаграммы направленности, которые составили ±1.25â—<a6> от направления с оптимальным положением смесителя. Флуктуационная чувствительность приемника в эксперименте составила 0.5 K на частоте 300 GHz.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	704
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	Author	Флоря, И.Н.; Корнеева, Ю.П.; Корнеев, А.А.; Гольцман, Г.Н.
	Title	Сверхпроводниковый однофотонный детектор для среднего инфракрасного диапазона на основе узких параллельных полосок			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Труды Московского физико-технического института	Abbreviated Journal	Труды МФТИ
	Volume	3	Issue	2	Pages	14-17
	Keywords	SSPD
	Abstract	Мы рассматриваем ультрабыстрый сверхпроводниковый однофотонный детектор (SSPD). SSPD представляет собой тонкопленочную наноструктуру â€” очень узкую и длинную полоску сверхпроводника, изогнутую в виде меандра, изготовленную из пленки NbN толщиной 4 нм, нанесенной на сапфировую подложку. SSPD хорошо сопрягается с оптоволокном и легко может быть интегрирован в полностью готовую для работы приемную систему. В стремлении продвинуться в средний ИК диапозон нам удалось разработать SSPD в виде параллельно соединенных полосок с шириной полоски всего 50 нм и сохранить при этом сверхпроводящие свойства. Эти детекторы показывают более чем на порядок большую чувствительность на длине волны 3;5 мкм, чем SSPD в виде меандра. Полученные результаты открывают путь к эффективным детекторам среднего ИК-диапазона, обладающим скоростью счета свыше 1 ГГц.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	706
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	Author	Пентин, И. В.; Смирнов, К. В.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Смирнов, А. В.; Ожегов, Р. В.; Дивочий, А. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н.
	Title	Быстродействующий терагерцевый приемник и инфракрасный счетчик одиночных фотонов на эффекте разогрева электронов в сверхпроводниковых тонкопленочных наноструктурах			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Труды МФТИ	Abbreviated Journal	Труды МФТИ
	Volume	3	Issue	2	Pages	38-42
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, HEB
	Abstract	Представлены результаты создания приемных систем терагерцевого диапазона (0.3-70 ТГц), обладающих рекордным быстродействием (50 пс) и высокой чувствительностью (до 5x 10^(-14) Вт/Гц^(1/2)), а также однофотонных приемных систем ближнего инфракрасного диапазона с квантовой эффективностью 25 %, уровнем темнового счета 10-1c., максимальной скоростью счета ~ 100 МГц и временным разрешением до 50 пс.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	707
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	Author	Korneev, A.; Finkel, M.; Maslennikov, S.; Korneeva, Yu.; Florya, I.; Tarkhov, M.; Elezov, M.; Ryabchun, S.; Tretyakov, I.; Isupova, A.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Superconducting NbN terahertz detectors and infrared photon counters			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Вестник НГУ. Серия: физ.	Abbreviated Journal	Вестник НГУ. Серия: физ.
	Volume	5	Issue	4	Pages	68-72
	Keywords	HEB; HEB mixer
	Abstract	We present our recent achievements in the development of sensitive and ultrafast thin-film superconducting sensors: hot-electron bolometers (HEB), HEB-mixers for terahertz range and infrared single-photon counters. These sensors have already demonstrated a performance that makes them devices-of-choice for many terahertz and optical applications. Keywords: Hot electron bolometer mixers, infrared single-photon detectors, superconducting device fabrication, superconducting NbN films.
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	ISSN	1818-7994	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	УДК 538.9			Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	708
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	Author	Ожегов, Р. В.; Окунев, О. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Филиппенко, Л. В.; Кошелец, В. П.
	Title	Флуктуационная чувствительность сверхпроводящего интегрального приемника терагерцового диапазона частот			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Радиотехника и электроника	Abbreviated Journal	Радиотех. электроник.
	Volume	54	Issue	6	Pages	750-755
	Keywords
	Abstract	Исследована зависимость флуктуационной чувствительности сверхпроводящего интегрального приемника (СИП) от шумовой температуры приемника и величины входного сигнала. Измерена рекордная флуктуационная чувствительность приемника (13 ± 2 мК), полученная при шумовой температуре приемника 200 К, ширине полосы промежуточных частот 4 ГГц и постоянной времени 1 с. При уменьшении входного сигнала наблюдалось улучшение флуктуационной чувствительности; предложено обÑŠяснение полученного эффекта: причиной является уменьшение влияния нестабильностей источников питания приемника и усилительного тракта при снижении входного сигнала.
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	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	710
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	Author	Расулова, Г.К.; Брунков, П.Н.; Пентин, И.В.; Ковалюк, В.В.; Горшков, К.Н.; Казаков, А.Ю.; Иванов, С.Ю.; Егоров, А.Ю.; Саксеев, Д.А.; Конников, С.Г.
	Title	Взаимная синхронизация двух связанных генераторов автоколебаний на основе сверхрешеток GaAs/AlGaAs			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Журнал технической физики	Abbreviated Journal	ЖТФ
	Volume	81	Issue	6	Pages	80-86
	Keywords
	Abstract	Проведено исследование взаимодействия генераторов автоколебаний на основе 30-периодной слабосвязанной сверхрешетки GaAs/AlGaAs. Воздействие одного генератора автоколебаний на другой осуществлялось при заданном постоянном смещении в отсутствие в одном из них генерации автономных колебаний. Показано, что вынужденные колебания в захватывающем генераторе возникают из-за возбуждения колебаний в системе связанных осцилляторов, образующих границу электрополевого домена на частоте одной из высших гармоник вынуждающего колебания.
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	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	711
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	Author	Семенов, А. В.; Девятов, И. А.; Рябчун, С. А.; Масленников, С. Н.; Масленникова, А. С.; Ларионов, П. А.; Воронов, Б. М.; Чулкова, Г. М.
	Title	Поглощение терагерцового электромагнитного излучения в “грязной” сверхпроводниковой пленке при произвольном виде спектральных функций			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Ж. Радиоэлектрон.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	10	Issue		Pages	7
	Keywords	terahertz electromagnetic radiation; superconductors; detectors of terahertz range
	Abstract	A problem of absorption of high-frequency electromagnetic field in dirty superconductor is treated within Keldysh technic. Expression for the source term in the kinetic equation for quasiparticle distribution function is derived. The result is significant for deriving a consistent microscopic theory of superconducting detectors for terahertz frequency range, perspective detectors on kinetic inductance of current-biased superconducting strip and on Josephson inductance of tunnel. В технике Келдыша рассмотрена задача о поглощении мощности высокочастотного электромагнитного поля в сверхпроводнике, удовлетворяющем условию грязного предела. Получено выражение для члена источника в кинетическом уравнении для функции распределения квазичастиц, справедливое при произвольном виде спектральных функций. Этот результат имеет значение для развития последовательной микроскопической теории сверхпроводниковых детекторов излучения терагерцового диапазона, в частности, перспективных детекторов на кинетической индуктивности смещённой током сверхпроводниковой полоски и джозефсоновской индуктивности туннельного контакта.
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	Notes	Duplicated as 1117			Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	713
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	Author	Семенов, А. В.; Девятов, И. А.; Третьяков, И. В.; Лобанов, Ю. В.; Ожегов, Р. В.; Петренко, Д. В.; Селиверстов, С. В.; Финкель, М. И.
	Title	Вывод уравнения типа уравнения гинзбурга-ландау для нанопроволоки вблизи критического магнитного поля			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Журнал радиоэлектроники	Abbreviated Journal	Ж. радиоэлектроники
	Volume	11	Issue		Pages	4
	Keywords	superconductivity; nanowire; Ginzburg-Landau equation
	Abstract	Nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau equation for dirty supercondicting 1D wire is derived in the limit of high magnetic field. В пределе больших магнитных полей выведено нелинейное уравнение Гинзбурга-Ландау, описывающее состояние одномерной «грязной» нанопроволоки.
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	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	714
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	Author	Гольцман, Г. Н.; Разумовская, И. В.; Окунев, О. В; Чулкова, Г. М.; Корнеев, А. А.; Финкель, М. И.; Масленников, С. Н.; Семенов, А. В.; Александров, В. Н.
	Title	Сборник программ учебных дисциплин профессионального цикла подготовки магистров и бакалавров по направлению «Физика»			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Прометей	Abbreviated Journal	Прометей
	Volume		Issue		Pages	67
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	Notes	Учебное пособие			Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	717
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	Author	Смирнов, Андрей Владимирович
	Title	Исследование полосы преобразования терагерцовых смесителей на эффекте электронного разогрева в NbZr, NbN и в одиночном гетеропереходе AlGaAs/GaAs			Type	Manuscript
	Year	2009	Publication	Радиофизика	Abbreviated Journal	Радиофиз.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	139
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	Notes	Диссертация			Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	718
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	Author	Васильева, И. А.; Компанеец, В. В.; Красная, Ж. А.; Чижикова, З. А.
	Title	Проявление внутримолекулярных вибронных взаимодействий в тонкоструктурных спектрах флуоресценции и возбуждения флуоресценции полиеновых Î´-диметиламинокетонов			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Оптический журнал	Abbreviated Journal	Опт. ж.
	Volume	78	Issue	5	Pages	3-8
	Keywords	спектры флуоресценции; вибрационный анализ; адиабатическое гармоническое приближение; бесфононная линия; фононное крыло
	Abstract	Проведен вибрационный анализ спектров флуоресценции и возбуждения флуоресценции, полученных методом Шпольского при 4,2 K. Рассчитаны параметры внутримолекулярных взаимодействий двух Î´-диметиламинокетонов. Для определения интегральных интенсивностей вибронных полос в спектрах с тонкой структурой на интенсивном сплошном фоне выполнено моделирование спектров путем представления полосы каждого из вибронных переходов бесфононной линией и фононным крылом с определенными параметрами (полуширинами, фактором Дебая–Валлера). Показано, что нарушение зеркальной симметрии в сопряженных спектрах флуоресценции и возбуждения флуоресценции этих двух соединений может быть обÑŠяснено интерференцией франк-кондоновского и герцберг-теллеровского взаимодействий.
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	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	721
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	Author	Lobanov, Y.; Tong, C.; Blundell, R.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	A study of direct detection effect on the linearity of hot electron bolometer mixers			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Proc. 20^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 20th ISSTT
	Volume		Issue		Pages	282-287
	Keywords	HEB mixer, direct detection effect
	Abstract	We have performed a study of how direct detection affects the linearity and hence the calibration of an HEB mixer. Two types of waveguide HEB devices have been used: a 0.8 THz HEB mixer and a 1.0 THz HEB mixer which is ~5 times smaller than the former. Two independent experimental approaches were used. In the Î”G/G method, the conversion gain of the HEB mixer is first measured as a function of the bias current for a number of bias voltages. At each bias setting, we carefully measure the change in the operating current when the input loads are switched. From the measured data, we can derive the expected difference in gain between the hot and cold loads. In the second method (injection method [1]), the linearity of the HEB mixer is independently measured by injecting a modulated signal for different input load temperatures. The results of both approaches confirm that there is gain compression in the operation of HEB mixers. Based on the results of our measurements, we discuss the impact of direct detection effects on the operation of HEB mixers.
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	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	724
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	Author	Lobanov, Y. V.; Tong, Cheuk-Yu E.; Hedden, A. S.; Blundell, R.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	Microwave-assisted슠measurement슠of the슠frequency슠response슠of슠terahertz슠HEB슠mixers슠with a슠fourier슠transform슠spectrometer			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	21st International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology	Abbreviated Journal	21st ISSTT
	Volume		Issue		Pages	420-423
	Keywords	HEB mixer
	Abstract	We describe a novel method of operation of the HEB direct detector for use with a Fourier Transform Spectrometer. Instead of elevating the bath temperature, we have measured the RF response of waveguide HEB mixers by applying microwave radiation to select appropriate bias conditions. In our experiment, a microwave signal is injected into the HEB mixer via its IF port. By choosing an appropriate injection level, the device can be operated close to the desired operating point. Furthermore, we have shown that both thermal biasing and microwave injection can reproduce the same spectral response of the HEB mixer. However, with the use of microwave injection, there is no need to wait for the mixer to reach thermal equilibrium, so characterisation can be done in less time. Also, the liquid helium consumption for our wet cryostat is also reduced. We have demonstrated that the signalto-noise ratio of the FTS measurements can be improved with microwave injection.
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	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	725
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	Author	Ожегов, Р.В.; Окунев, О.В.; Гольцман, Г.Н.
	Title	Флуктуационная чувствительность сверхпроводящего болометрического смесителя на эффекте разогрева электронного газа			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Радиотехника	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	3	Pages	120-124
	Keywords	смеситель на горячих электронах; флуктуационная чувствительность; тепловизор терагерцевого диапазона частот; hot-electron bolometer mixer; Imaging system; Noise equivalent temperature difference; Heterodyne receiver; Terahertz range
	Abstract	Interest in research in the terahertz range is driven by a great number of various applications, where terahertz instruments may play a leading role. To name just a few, such applications include study of the cosmic microwave background radiation and the distribution of the dark matter, medicine, navigation, fire alarm, security systems and environmental monitoring. The paper discusses the possibility of using a receiver based on the hot-electron effect in superconducting films as an imaging system. We present the results of the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) measurements performed with a hot-electron bolometer mixer made from a thin superconducting film. The receiver with a noise temperature of ~ 3800 K at a local oscillator frequency of 300 GHz a bandwidth of 500 MHz and an integration time of 1 s has offered an NETD of 0.5 K. We have also developed a technique that enabled us to reduce the contribution of the mixer gain fluctuations to the overall system instability. As of this writing, the above value of the NETD is the lowest value offered for this type of receiver, which indicates the possibility to use such receivers in real-time imaging systems. The technique offered in the paper for achieving the limiting value of the NETD offers an alternative to the phase-locking scheme. Представены результаты измерения флуктуационной чувствительности (NETD – noise equivalent temperature difference) болометрического смесителя на эффекте разогрева электронного газа в тонких сверхпроводящих пленках. Получено предельное значение NETD, равное 0,5 К, при шумовой температуре приемника 3800 К, ширине полосы преобразования 500 МГц, постоянной времени 1 с и частоте гетеродина 300 ГГц. Разработана методика достижения предельной флуктуационной чувствительности, позволяющая избежать влияния нестабильности коэффициента преобразования смесителя.
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	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	728
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	Author	Ожегов, Роман Викторович
	Title	Флуктуационная чувствительность и стабильность приемников с СИС и HEB смесителями для терагерцового тепловидения			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Радиофизика	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	135
	Keywords	HEB
	Abstract
	Address
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	731
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	Author	Чулкова, Г. М.; Семенов, А. В.; Корнеев, А. А.; Кардакова, А. И.; Аверьев, Н. В.; Ан, П. П.; Казаков, А. Ю.; Трифонов, А. В.
	Title	Спектральная чувствительность сверхпроводникового однофотонного детектора			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Журнал радиоэлектроники	Abbreviated Journal	Ж. радиоэлектрон.
	Volume	11	Issue		Pages	5
	Keywords	SSPD; quantum efficiency; spectral sensitivity
	Abstract	We consider quantum efficiency dependence on photons' energy from hot spot model. Direction of quasiparticles diffusion drive across superconductive film. The maximal quantum efficiency is proportional to a probability of photon absorption. The spectral sensitivity of superconductive single photon detector does not have clearly expressed red limit. Changing regimes of work depends on a wavelength we can get high values of quantum efficiency in visible and infrared range which will be specified by the quality of fabrication of detectors and their consistency with the radiation. Key words: superconducting single-photon detector, SSPD, quantum efficiency, spectral sensitivity. В статье представлена зависимость квантовой эффективности от энергии фотона в рамках модели горячего пятна. Диффузия квазичастиц происходит в основном перпендикулярно направлению тока в областях с максимальной плотностью тока. Максимальная квантовая эффективность детектора пропорциональна вероятности поглощения фотона. Несмотря на квантовый характер работы сверхпроводникового однофотонного детектора, он не имеет четко выраженной красной границы. Изменяя режим работы в зависимости от длины волны можно в видимом и инфракрасном диапазонах получать высокие значения квантовой эффективности, которые будут определяться лишь качеством изготовления детекторов и степенью их согласования с излучением.
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	Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	844
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	Author	Pernice, W.; Schuck, C.; Minaeva, O.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X.
	Title	High speed and high efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2012	Publication	arXiv	Abbreviated Journal	arXiv
	Volume	1108.5299	Issue		Pages	1-23
	Keywords	optical waveguides, waveguide SSPD, guantum photonics, jitter, detection efficiency
	Abstract	Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. High photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and loophole-free Bell experiments. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited the maximum attainable detection efficiency of single photon detectors. Here we demonstrate a superconducting nanowire detector atop nanophotonic waveguides which allows us to drastically increase the absorption length for incoming photons. When operating the detectors close to the critical current we achieve high on-chip single photon detection efficiency up to 91% at telecom wavelengths, with uncertainty dictated by the variation of the waveguide photon flux. We also observe remarkably low dark count rates without significant compromise of detection efficiency. Furthermore, our detectors are fully embedded in a scalable silicon photonic circuit and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18ps. Exploiting this high temporal resolution we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. The direct implementation of such a detector with high quantum efficiency, high detection speed and low jitter time on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	845
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	Author	Shurakov, Alexander; Tong, Edward; Blundell, Raymond; Gol'tsman, Gregory
	Title	Microwave stabilization of HEB mixer by a microchip controller			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	IEEE MTT-S international microwave symposium digest	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-3
	Keywords	HEB mixer stability, microwave injection, Allan variance, Allan time
	Abstract	The stability of a Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixer can be improved by the use of microwave injection. In this article we report a refinement of this approach. We introduce a microchip controller to facilitate the implementation of the stabilization scheme, and demonstrate that the feedback loop effectively suppresses drifts in the HEB bias current, leading to an improvement in the receiver stability. The measured Allan time of the mixer's IF output power is increased to > 10 s.
	Address	Montreal, QC, Canada
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	857
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	Author	Elant'ev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S.
	Title	Effect of high-frequency current on Nb superconductive film in resistive state			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1989	Publication	Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys.
	Volume	15	Issue	7	Pages	379-383
	Keywords	Nb HEB
	Abstract
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	882
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	Author	Гершензон, Е. М.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Елантьев, А. И.; Карасик, Б. С.; Потоскуев, С. Э.
	Title	Разогрев электронов в резистивном состоянии сверхпроводника электромагнитным излучением значительной интенсивности			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Физика низких температур	Abbreviated Journal	Физика низких температур
	Volume	14	Issue	7	Pages	753-763
	Keywords	HEB
	Abstract
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Duplicated as 1697			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	883
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	Author	Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Golts'man, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov B.
	Title	Superconductive NbN hot-electron bolometric mixer performance at 250 GHz			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Proc. 7^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 7^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	331-336
	Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
	Abstract	Thin film NbN (<40 A) strips are used as waveguide mixer elements. The electron cooling mechanism for the geometry is the electron-phonon interaction. We report a receiver noise temperature of 750 K at 244 GHz, with / IF = 1.5 GHz, Af= 500 MHz, and Tphysical = 4 K. The instantaneous bandwidth for this mixer is 1.6 GHz. The local oscillator (LO) power is 0.5 1.tW with 3 dB-uncertainty. The mixer is linear to 1 dB up to an input power level 6 dB below the LO power. We report the first detection of a molecular line emission using this class of mixer, and that the receiver noise temperature determined from Y-factor measurements reflects the true heterodyne sensitivity.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	945
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	Author	Bell, M.; Sergeev, A.; Mitin, V.; Bird, J.; Verevkin, A.; Gol'tsman, G.
	Title	One-dimensional resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	arXiv:0709.0709v1 [cond-mat.supr-con]	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-11
	Keywords
	Abstract	We investigate competition between one- and two-dimensional topological excitations – phase slips and vortices – in formation of resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors in a wide temperature range below the mean-field transition temperature T(C0). The widths w = 100 nm of our ultrathin NbN samples is substantially larger than the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length Î¾ = 4nm and the fluctuation resistivity above T(C0) has a two-dimensional character. However, our data shows that the resistivity below T(C0) is produced by one-dimensional excitations, – thermally activated phase slip strips (PSSs) overlapping the sample cross-section. We also determine the scaling phase diagram, which shows that even in wider samples the PSS contribution dominates over vortices in a substantial region of current/temperature variations. Measuring the resistivity within seven orders of magnitude, we find that the quantum phase slips can only be essential below this level.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ atomics90 @			Serial	948
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	Author	Lusche, Robert; Semenov, Alexey; Huebers, Heinz-Willhelm; Ilin, Konstantin; Siegel, Michael; Korneeva, Yuliya; Trifonov, Andrey; Korneev, Alexander; Goltsman, Gregory
	Title	Effect of the wire geometry and an externally applied magnetic field on the detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors			Type	Abstract
	Year	2013	Publication	INIS	Abbreviated Journal	INIS
	Volume	46	Issue	8	Pages	1-3
	Keywords	TaN, NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	The interest in single-photon detectors in the near-infrared wavelength regime for applications, e.g. in quantum cryptography has immensely increased in the last years. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) already show quite reasonable detection efficiencies in the NIR which can even be further improved. Novel theoretical approaches including vortex-assisted photon counting state that the detection efficiency in the long wavelength region can be enhanced by the detector geometry and an applied magnetic field. We present spectral measurements in the wavelength range from 350-2500 nm of the detection efficiency of meander-type TaN and NbN SNSPD with varying nanowire line width from 80 to 250 nm. Due to the used experimental setup we can accurately normalize the measured spectra and are able to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) of our detectors. The results clearly indicate an improvement of the IDE depending on the wire width according to the theoretic models. Furthermore we experimentally found that the smallest detectable photon-flux can be increased by applying a small magnetic field to the detectors.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1374
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	Author	Shurakov, A.; Tong, Cheuk-yu E.; Grimes, P.; Blundell, R.; Golt'sman, G.
	Title	A microwave reflection readout scheme for hot electron bolometric direct detector			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol.
	Volume	5	Issue		Pages	81-84
	Keywords	HEB detectors
	Abstract	In this paper, we propose and present data from a fast THz detector based on the repurpose of hot electron bolometer mixers (HEB) fabricated from superconducting NbN thinfilm. This detector is essentially a traditional NbN bolometer element that operates under the influence of a microwave pump. The in-jected microwave power serves the dual purpose of enhancing the detector sensitivity and reading out the impedance changes of the device in response to incidentTHz radiation. We have measured an optical Noise Equivalent Power of 4 pW/ Hz for our detector at a bath temperature of 4.2 K. The measurement frequency was 0.83 THz and the modulation frequency was 1.48 kHz. The readout scheme is versatile and facilitates both high-speed operation as well as multi-pixel applications.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ atomics90 @			Serial	950
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	Author	Maslennikov, S.
	Title	RF heating efficiency of the terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometer			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	arXiv	Abbreviated Journal	arXiv
	Volume	1404.5276	Issue		Pages	1-4
	Keywords	superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer, HEB, NbN, distributed model, HEB model, HEB mixer model, heat balance equa-tions, conversion gain, RF heating efficiency, noise temperature, simulation, Euler method
	Abstract	We report results of the numerical solution by the Euler method of the system of heat balance equations written in recurrent form for the superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) embedded in an electrical circuit. By taking into account the dependence of the HEB resistance on the transport current we have been able to calculate rigorously the RF heating efficiency, absorbed local oscillator (LO) power and conversion gain of the HEB mixer. We show that the calculated conversion gai nis in excellent agreement with the experimental results, and that the substitution of the calculated RF heating efficiency and absorbed LO power into the expressions for the conversion gain and noise temperature given by the analytical small-signal model of the HEB yields excellent agreement with the corresponding measured values
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ atomics90 @			Serial	954
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	Author	Корнеева, Ю. П.; Флоря, И. Н.; Корнеев, А. А.; Гольцман, Г. Н.
	Title	Cверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор для дальнего ИК диапазона длин волн			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Науч. сессия НИЯУ МИФИ	Abbreviated Journal	Науч. сессия НИЯУ МИФИ
	Volume		Issue		Pages	46-47
	Keywords	SSPD
	Abstract	Мы представляем быстродействующий сверхпроводниковый однофотонный детектор (SSPD) для дальнего инфракрасного диапазона на основе ультратонкой монокристаллической пленки NbN толщиной 3 нм, состоящий из параллельных полосок. QE на длине волны 1,5.μм и 1,3 μм для предложенного SSPD практически одинаковы. SSPD показывает отклик длительностью 200 пс, что открывает путь к детекторам, обладающим скоростью счета свыше 1 ГГц.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-5-7262-1227-2	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	УДК 533.14(06)+004.056(06) Фотоника и информационная оптика			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1144
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	Author	Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, Roman; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Smimov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	Spectral sensitivity and temporal resolution of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Proc. 13^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 13^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	105-111
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We report our studies on spectral sensitivity and time resolution of superconducting NbN thin film single-photon detectors (SPDs). Our SPDs exhibit an everimentally measured detection efficiencies (DE) from — 0.2% at 2=1550 nm up to —3% at lambda=405 nm wavelength for 10-nm film thickness devices and up to 3.5% at lambda=1550 nm for 3.5-nm film thickness devices. Spectral dependences of detection efficiency (DE) at 2=0.4 —3.0 pm range are presented. With variable optical delay setup, it is shown that NbN SPD potentially can resolve optical pulses with the repetition rate up to 10 GHz at least. The observed full width at the half maximum (FWHM) of the signal pulse is about 150-180 ps, limited by read-out electronics. The jitter of NbN SPD is measured to be —35 ps at optimum biasing.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1528
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	Author	Гольцман, Г. Н.; Птицина, Н. Г.; Ригер, Е. Р.
	Title	Оже-рекомбинация свободных носителей на мелких донорах в германии			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1984	Publication	Физика и техника полупроводников	Abbreviated Journal	Физика и техника полупроводников
	Volume	18	Issue	9	Pages	1684-1686
	Keywords	Ge, free carrier recombination
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1710
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	Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Multanovskii, V. V.; Ptitsina, N. G.
	Title	Kinetics of electron and hole binding into excitons in germanium			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1983	Publication	Sov. Phys. JETP	Abbreviated Journal	Sov. Phys. JETP
	Volume	57	Issue	2	Pages	369-376
	Keywords	Ge, electron and hole binding
	Abstract	The kinetics of binding of free carriers'into excitons under stationary and nonstationary conditions is studied by investigating the submillimeter photoconductivity of Ge in a wide range of temperatures and of excitation levels. It is shown that the absolute values and the temperature dependence of the binding cross section (o- T-'.' ) can be satisfactorily described by the cascade recombination theory. The value of o and its temperature dependence differ significantly from the cross sections, measured in the same manner, for capture by attracting small impurities. Under nonstationary conditions, just as in the case of recombination with shallow impurities, a signifi- cant role is played by the sticking of the carriers in highly excited states.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1711
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