| Records |
| Author |
Zolotov, P. I.; Semenov, A. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Romanov, N. R.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
| Title |
Dependence of photon detection efficiency on normal-state sheet resistance in marginally superconducting films of NbN |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
31 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1-5 |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We present an extensive set of data on nanowire-type superconducting single-photon detectors based on niobium-nitride (NbN) to establish the empirical correlation between performance and the normal-state resistance per square. We focus, in particular, on the bias current, compared to the expected depairing current, needed to achieve a near-unity detection efficiency for photon detection. The data are discussed within the context of a model in which the photon energy triggers the movement of vortices i.e. superconducting dissipation, followed by thermal runaway. Since the model is based on the non-equilibrium theory for conventional superconductors deviations may occur, because the efficient regime is found when NbN acts as a marginal superconductor in which long-range phase coherence is frustrated. |
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1051-8223 |
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1222 |
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| Author |
Somani, S.; Kasapi, S.; Wilsher, K.; Lo, W.; Sobolewski, R.; Gol’tsman, G. |
| Title |
New photon detector for device analysis: Superconducting single-photon detector based on a hot electron effect |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2766-2769 |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
A novel superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD), intrinsically capable of high quantum efficiency (up to 20%) over a wide spectral range (ultraviolet to infrared), with low dark counts (<1 cps), and fast (<40 ps) timing resolution, is described. This SSPD has been used to perform timing measurements on complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs) by detecting the infrared light emission from switching transistors. Measurements performed from the backside of a 0.13 μm geometry flip–chip IC are presented. Other potential applications for this detector are in telecommunications, quantum cryptography, biofluorescence, and chemical kinetics. |
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0734211X |
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no |
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1542 |
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Schroeder, E.; Mauskopf, P.; Pilyavsky, G.; Sinclair, A.; Smith, N.; Bryan, S.; Mani, H.; Morozov, D.; Berggren, K.; Zhu, D.; Smirnov, K.; Vakhtomin, Y. |
| Title |
On the measurement of intensity correlations from laboratory and astronomical sources with SPADs and SNSPDs |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
9907 |
Issue |
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Pages |
99070P (1 to 13) |
| Keywords |
SPAD, NbN SSPD applications, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We describe the performance of detector modules containing silicon single photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) and superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) to be used for intensity interferometry. The SPADs are mounted in fiber-coupled and free-space coupled packages. The SNSPDs are mounted in a small liquid helium cryostat coupled to single mode fiber optic cables which pass through a hermetic feed-through. The detectors are read out with microwave amplifiers and FPGA-based coincidence electronics. We present progress on measurements of intensity correlations from incoherent sources including gas-discharge lamps and stars with these detectors. From the measured laboratory performance of the correlation system, we estimate the sensitivity to intensity correlations from stars using commercial telescopes and larger existing research telescopes. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Malbet, F.; Creech-Eakman, M.J.; Tuthill, P.G. |
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Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging V |
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1809 |
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| Author |
Zhang, J.; Verevkin, A.; Slysz, W.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, Roman |
| Title |
Time-resolved characterization of NbN superconducting single-photon optical detectors |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
10313 |
Issue |
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Pages |
103130F (1 to 3) |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) are very promising devices for their picosecond response time, high intrinsic quantum efficiency, and high signal-to-noise ratio within the radiation wavelength from ultraviolet to near infrared (0.4 gm to 3 gm) [1-3]. The single photon counting property of NbN SSPDs have been investigated thoroughly and a model of hotspot formation has been introduced to explain the physics of the photon- counting mechanism [4-6]. At high incident flux density (many-photon pulses), there are, of course, a large number of hotspots simultaneously formed in the superconducting stripe. If these hotspots overlap with each other across the width w of the stripe, a resistive barrier is formed instantly and a voltage signal can be generated. We assume here that the stripe thickness d is less than the electron diffusion length, so the hotspot region can be considered uniform. On the other hand, when the photon flux is so low that on average only one hotspot is formed across w at a given time, the formation of the resistive barrier will be realized only when the supercurrent at sidewalks surpasses the critical current (jr) of the superconducting stripe [1]. In the latter situation, the formation of the resistive barrier is associated with the phase-slip center (PSC) development. The effect of PSCs on the suppression of superconductivity in nanowires has been discussed very recently [8, 9] and is the subject of great interest. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Armitage, J. C. |
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Opto-Canada: SPIE Regional Meeting on Optoelectronics, Photonics, and Imaging, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
| Notes |
Downloaded from http://www2.ece.rochester.edu/projects/ufqp/PDF/2002/213NbNTimeOPTO_b.pdf This artcle was published in 2017 with only first author indicated (Zhang, J.). There were 8 more authors! |
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Serial |
1750 |
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| Author |
Korneev, A. A. |
| Title |
Superconducting NbN microstrip single-photon detectors |
Type |
Abstract |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Proc. Quantum Optics and Photon Counting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Quantum Optics and Photon Counting |
| Volume |
11771 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors (SSPD) invented two decades ago have evolved to a mature technology and have become devices of choice in the advanced applications of quantum optics, such as quantum cryptography and optical quantum computing. In these applications SSPDs are coupled to single-mode fibers and feature almost unity detection efficiency, negligible dark counts, picosecond timing jitter and MHz photon count rate. Meanwhile, there are great many applications requiring coupling to multi-mode fibers or free space. ‘Classical’ SSPDs with 100-nm-wide superconducting strip and covering area of about 100 µm2 are not suitable for further scaling due to degradation of performance and low fabrication yield. Recently we have demonstrated single-photon counting in micron-wide superconducting bridges and strips. Here we present our approach to the realization of practical photon-counting detectors of large enough area to be efficiently coupled to multi-mode fibers or free space. The detector is either a meander or a spiral of 1-µm-wide strip covering an area of 50x50 µm2. Being operated at 1.7K temperature it demonstrates the saturated detection efficiency (i.e. limited by the absorption in the detector) up to 1550 nm wavelength, about 10 ns dead time and timing jitter in range 50-100 ps. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Prochazka, I.; Štefaňák, M.; Sobolewski, R.; Gábris, A. |
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Quantum Optics and Photon Counting; SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, 2021, Online Only |
| Notes |
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1784 |
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