| Records |
| Author |
Schwaab, G.W.; Auen, K.; Bruendermann, E.; Feinaeugle, R.; Gol’tsman, G.N.; Huebers, H.-W.; Krabbe, A.; Roeser, H.-P.; Sirmain, G. |
| Title |
2- to 6-THz heterodyne receiver array for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
3357 |
Issue |
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Pages |
85-96 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, applications, stratospheric observatory, airborne |
| Abstract |
The Institute of Space Sensor Technology of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is developing a heterodyne array receiver for the frequency range 2 to 6 THz for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). Key science issues in that frequency range are the observation of lines of atoms [e.g. (OI)], ions [e.g. (CII), (NII)], and molecules (e.g. OH, HD, CO) with high spectral resolution to study the dynamics and evolution of galactic and extragalactic objects. Long term goal is the development of an integrated array heterodyne receiver with superconducting hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers and p-type Ge or Si lasers as local oscillators. The first generation receiver will be composed of HEB mixers in a 2 pixel 2 polarization array which will be pumped by a gas laser local oscillator. Improved Schottky diode mixers are the backup solution for the HEBs. The state of the art of HEB mixer and p-type Ge laser technology are described as well as possible improvements in the ’conventional’ optically pumped far-infrared laser and Schottky diode mixer technology. Finally, the frequency coverage of the first generation heterodyne receiver for some important astronomical transitions is discussed. The expected sensitivity is compared to line fluxes measured by the ISO satellite. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Phillips, T.G. |
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Advanced Technology MMW, Radio, and Terahertz Telescopes |
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Serial |
1583 |
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| Author |
Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
| Title |
High speed hot-electron superconducting bolometer |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
2104 |
Issue |
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Pages |
181-182 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEb, Nb, Al |
| Abstract |
Physical limitation of response time of a superconducting bolometer as well as the nature of non-equilibrium detection of radiation have been investigated for Al, Nb and NbN thin films in spectral range from submillimeter to near-infraredwavelengths [1,2]. In the case of ideal heat removal from the film with the f_‘. 100A thickness the detection mechanism is an electron heating effect that is not selective to radiation wavelength in a very broad range. The response time ofan electron heating bolometer is determined by an electron-phonon interaction time. This time is of about 10 ns, 0.5 ns and 20 ps for Al, Nb, and NbN correspondingly near the critical temperature of the superconducting film. Thesensitive area of the bolometer consists of a number of narrow strips (with awidth of 1µm) connected in parallel to contact pads; these pads together witha sapphire substrate and a ground plate represent the microstrip transmissionline with an impedance of 50 Q. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Birch, J.R.; Parker, T.J. |
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18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves |
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no |
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Serial |
1652 |
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| Author |
Krause, S.; Mityashkin, V.; Antipov, S.; Gol’tsman, G.; Meledin, D.; Desmaris, V.; Belitsky, V.; Rudziński, M. |
| Title |
Reduction of phonon escape time for nbn hot electron bolometers by using gan buffer layers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
53-59 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixer |
| Abstract |
In this paper, we investigated the influence of the GaN buffer layer on the phonon escape time of phonon-cooled hot electron bolometers (HEBs) based on NbN material and compared our findings to conventionally employed Si substrate. The presented experimental setup and operation of the HEB close to the critical temperature of the NbN film allowed for the extraction of phonon escape time in a simplified manner. Two independent experiments were performed at GARD/Chalmers and MSPU on a similar experimental setup at frequencies of approximately 180 and 140 GHz, respectively, and have shown reproducible and consistent results. By fitting the normalized IF measurement data to the heat balance equations, the escape time as a fitting parameter has been deduced and amounts to 45 ps for the HEB based on Si substrate as in contrast to a significantly reduced escape time of 18 ps for the HEB utilizing the GaN buffer layer under the assumption that no additional electron diffusion has taken place. This study indicates a high phonon transmissivity of the NbN-to-GaN interface and a prospective increase of IF bandwidth for HEB made of NbN on GaN buffer layers, which is desirable for future THz HEB heterodyne receivers. |
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2156-3446 |
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Serial |
1330 |
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| Author |
Shurakov, A.; Seliverstov, S.; Kaurova, N.; Finkel, M.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
| Title |
Input bandwidth of hot electron bolometer with spiral antenna |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
400-405 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB bolometers bandwidth, log-spiral antenna |
| Abstract |
We report the results of our study of the input bandwidth of hot electron bolometers (HEB) embedded into the planar log-spiral antenna. The sensitive element is made of the ultrathin superconducting NbN film patterned as a bridge at the feed of the antenna. The contacts between the antenna and a sensitive element are made from in situ deposited gold (i.e., deposited over NbN film without breaking vacuum), which gives high quality contacts and makes the response of the HEB at higher frequencies less affected by the RF loss. An accurate experimental spectroscopic procedure is demonstrated that leads to the confirmation of the wide ( 8 THz) bandwidth in this antenna coupled device. |
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2156-342X |
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no |
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1161 |
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| Author |
Jiang, Ling; Miao, Wei; Zhang, Wen; Li, Ning; Lin, Zhen Hui; Yao, Qi Jun; Shi, Sheng-Cai; Svechnikov, S. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Kaurova, N. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Characterization of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB mixer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn. |
| Volume |
54 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
2944-2948 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
In this paper, the performance of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer, cryogenically cooled by a close-cycled 4-K refrigerator, is thoroughly investigated at 300, 500, and 850 GHz. The lowest receiver noise temperatures measured at the respective three frequencies are 1400, 900, and 1350 K, which can go down to 659, 413, and 529 K, respectively, after correcting the loss and associated noise contribution of the quasi-optical system before the measured superconducting HEB mixer. The stability of the quasi-optical superconducting HEB mixer is also investigated here. The Allan variance time measured with a local oscillator pumping at 500 GHz and an IF bandwidth of 110 MHz is 1.5 s at the dc-bias voltage exhibiting the lowest noise temperature and increases to 2.5 s at a dc bias twice that voltage. |
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0018-9480 |
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1448 |
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