| Records |
| Author |
Marksteiner, M.; Divochiy, A.; Sclafani, M.; Haslinger, P.; Ulbricht, H.; Korneev, A.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Arndt, M. |
| Title |
A superconducting NbN detector for neutral nanoparticles |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Nanotechnol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nanotechnol. |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
45 |
Pages |
455501 |
| Keywords |
SSPD; SNSPD; *Electric Conductivity; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nanoparticles/*chemistry/ultrastructure; Nanotechnology/*methods; *Photons |
| Abstract |
We present a proof-of-principle study of superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD) for the detection of individual neutral molecules/nanoparticles at low energies. The new detector is applied to characterize a laser desorption source for biomolecules and allows retrieval of the arrival time distribution of a pulsed molecular beam containing the amino acid tryptophan, the polypeptide gramicidin as well as insulin, myoglobin and hemoglobin. We discuss the experimental evidence that the detector is actually sensitive to isolated neutral particles. |
| Address |
University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. markus.arndt@univie.ac.at |
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English |
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0957-4484 |
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PMID:19822928 |
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no |
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1239 |
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| Author |
Titova, N; Kardakova, A.; Tovpeko, N; Ryabchun, S.; Mandal, S.; Morozov, D.; Klemencic, G. M.; Giblin, S.R.; Williams, O. A.; Goltsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Superconducting diamond films as perspective material for direct THz detectors |
Type |
Abstract |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Proc. 28th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 28th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
82 |
| Keywords |
KID, HEB, superconducting diamond films, boron-doped diamond films, Al, TiN, Si substrates, NEP |
| Abstract |
Superconducting films with a high resistivity in the normal state have established themselves as the best materials for direct THz radiation sensors, such as kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) [1] and hot electron bolometers (nano-HEBs) [2]. The primary characteristics of the future instrument such as the sensitivity and the response time are determined by the material parameters such as the electron-phonon (e-ph) interaction time, the electron density and the resistivity of the material. For direct detectors, such as KIDs and nano-HEBs, to provide a high sensitivity and low noise one prefer materials with long e-ph relaxation times and low values of the electron density. As a potential material for THz radiation detection we have studied superconducting diamond films. A significant interest to diamond for the development of electronic devices is due to the evolution of its properties with the boron dopant concentration. At a high boron doping concentration, n B ~5·10 20 cm -3 , diamond has been reported to become a superconducting with T c depending on the doping level. Our previous study of energy relaxation in single-crystalline boron-doped diamond films epitaxially grown on a diamond shows a remarkably slow energy-relaxation at low temperatures. The electron-phonon cooling time varies from 400 ns to 700 ns over the temperature range 2.2 K to 1.7 K [3]. In superconducting materials such as Al and TiN, traditionally used in KIDs, the e-ph cooling times at 1.7 K correspond to ~20 ns [4] and ~100 ns [5], correspondingly. Such a noticeable slow e-ph relaxation in boron-doped diamond, in combination with a low value of carrier density (~10 21 cm -3 ) in comparison with typical metals (~10 23 cm -3 ) and a high normal state resistivity (~1500 μΩ·cm) confirms a potential of superconducting diamond for superconducting bolometers and resonator detectors. However, the price and the small substrate growth are of single crystal diamond limit practical applications of homoepitaxial diamond films. As an alternative way with more convenient technology, one can employ heteroepitaxial diamond films grown on large-size Si substrates. Here we report about measurements of e-ph cooling times in superconducting diamond grown on silicon substrate and discuss our expectations about the applicability of boron-doped diamond films to superconducting detectors. Our estimation of limit value of noise-equivalent power (NEP) and the energy resolution of bolometer made from superconducting diamond is order 10 -17 W/Hz 1/2 at 2 K and the energy resolution is of 0.1 eV that corresponds to counting single-photon up to 15 um. The estimation was obtained by using the film thickness of 70 nm and ρ ~ 1500 μΩ·cm, and the planar dimensions that are chosen to couple bolometer with 75 Ω log-spiral antenna. Although the value of NEP is far yet from what might like to have for certain astronomical applications, we believe that it can be improved by a suitable fabrication process. Also the direct detectors, based on superconducting diamond, will offer low noise performance at about 2 K, a temperature provided by inexpensive close-cycle refrigerators, which provides another practical advantage of development and application of these devices. [1] P.K. Day, et. al, Nature, 425, 817, 2003. [2] J. Wei, et al, Nature Nanotech., 3, 496, 2008. [3] A. Kardakova, et al, Phys. Rev. B, 93, 064506, 2016. [4] P. Santhanam and D. Prober, Phys. Rev. B, 29, 3733, 1984 [5] A. Kardakova, et al, Appl. Phys. Lett, vol. 103, p. 252602, 2013. |
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1173 |
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| Author |
Мошкова, М. А.; Дивочий, А. В.; Морозов, П. В.; Золотов, Ф. И.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Смирнов, К. В. |
| Title |
Высокоэффективные NBN однофотонные детекторы с разрешением числа фотонов |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Сборн. науч. труд. VII международн. конф. по фотонике и информац. опт. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Сборн. науч. труд. VII международн. конф. по фотонике и информац. опт. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
400-401 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
Разработаны и исследованы сверхпроводниковые однофотонные детекторы, способные к разрешению до 3-х фотонов в коротком импульсе излучения и имеющие квантовую эффективность детектирования одиночных фотонов ~60% на длине волны lambda=1.55 мкм. Проведенная модернизация технологии изготовления детекторов, позволила получить приемные устройства с мультифотонной квантовой эффективностью, приближающейся к расчетным значениям. |
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Russian |
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978-5-7262-2445-9 |
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| Notes |
УДК 535(06)+004(06) |
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no |
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Serial |
1250 |
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Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Tarkhov, M.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Voronov, B.; Divochiy, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Pan, D.; Sobolewski, R. |
| Title |
Superconducting single-photon nanostructured detectors for advanced optical applications |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proc. Symposium on Photonics Technologies for 7th Framework Program |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
400 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We present superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on NbN thin-film nanostructures and operated at liquid helium temperatures. The SSPDs are made of ultrathin NbN films (2.5-4 nm thick, Tc= 9-11K) as meander-shaped nanowires covering the area of 10× 10 µm2. Our detectors are operated at the temperature well below the critical temperature Tc and are DC biased by a current Ib close to the meander critical current Ic. The operation principle of the detector is based on the use of the resistive region in a narrow ultra-thin superconducting stripe upon the absorption of an incident photon. The developed devices demonstrate high sensitivity and response speed in a broadband range from UV to mid-IR (up to 6 µm), making them very attractive for advanced optical technologies, which require efficient detectors of single quanta and low-density optical radiation. |
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no |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ chulkova2006superconducting |
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1021 |
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| Author |
Ozhegov, R. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Ultrafast superconducting bolometer receivers for terahertz applications |
Type |
Abstract |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Proc. PIERS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. PIERS |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
867 |
| Keywords |
HEB |
| Abstract |
The research by the group of Moscow State Pedagogical University into the hot-electron phenomena in thin superconducting films has led to the development of new types of detectors and their use both in fundamental and applied studies. In this paper, we present the results of testing the terahertz HEB receiver systems based on ultrathin (∼ 4 nm) NbN and MoRe detectors with a response time of 50 ps and 1 ns, respectively. We have developed three types of devices which differ in the way a terahertz signal is coupled to the detector and cover the following ranges: 0.3–3 THz, 0.1–30 THz and 25–70 THz. In the case of the receiving system optimized for 0.3–3 THz, the sensitive element (a strip of asuperconductor with planar dimensions of 0.2μm (length) by 1.7μm (width)) was integrated witha planar broadband log-spiral antenna. For additional focusing ofthe incident radiation a silicon hyperhemispherical lens was used. For the 0.1–30 THz receivingsystem, the sensitive element was patterned as parallel strips(2μm wide each) filling an area of 500×500μm2with a filling factor of 0.5. In the receivingsystem of this type we used direct coupling of the incident radiation to the sensitive element. Inthe 25–70 THz range (detector type 2/2a in Table 1) we used a square-shaped superconductingdetector with planar dimensions of 10×10μm2. Incident radiation was coupled to the detectorwith the use of a germanium hyperhemispherical lens.The response time of the above receiving systems is determined by the cooling rate of the hotelectrons in the film. That depends on the electron-phonon interaction time, which is less forultrathin NbN than in MoRe. |
| Address |
Moscow, Russia |
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The Electromagnetics Academy |
Place of Publication |
777 Concord Avenue, Suite 207 Cambridge, MA 02138 |
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1559-9450 |
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978-1-934142-09-7 |
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no |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ ozhegovultrafast |
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1022 |
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Манова, Н.Н.; Корнеева, Ю. П.; Корнеев, А. А., Гольцман, Г. Н. |
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Cверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор, интегрированный с оптическим резонатором |
Type |
Conference Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Науч. сессия НИЯУ МИФИ |
Abbreviated Journal |
Науч. сессия НИЯУ МИФИ |
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92-93 |
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SSPD |
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978-5-7262-1227-2 |
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УДК 533.14(06)+004.056(06) Фотоника и информационная оптика |
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1143 |
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Kitaygorsky, J.; Komissarov, I.; Jukna, A.; Pan, D.; Minaeva, O.; Kaurova, N.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Voronov, B.; Milostnaya, I.; Gol'tsman, G.; Sobolewski, R.R. |
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Dark counts in nanostructured nbn superconducting single-photon detectors and bridges |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
275-278 |
| Keywords |
SSPD; SNSPD |
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We present our studies on dark counts, observed as transient voltage pulses, in current-biased NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), as well as in ultrathin (~4 nm), submicrometer-width (100 to 500 nm) NbN nanobridges. The duration of these spontaneous voltage pulses varied from 250 ps to 5 ns, depending on the device geometry, with the longest pulses observed in the large kinetic-inductance SSPD structures. Dark counts were measured while the devices were completely isolated (shielded by a metallic enclosure) from the outside world, in a temperature range between 1.5 and 6 K. Evidence shows that in our two-dimensional structures the dark counts are due to the depairing of vortex-antivortex pairs caused by the applied bias current. Our results shed some light on the vortex dynamics in 2D superconductors and, from the applied point of view, on intrinsic performance of nanostructured SSPDs. |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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1248 |
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Smirnov, K. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Pentin, I. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Infrared and terahertz detectors on basis of superconducting nanostructures |
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Conference Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Microwave and Telecom. Technol. (CriMiCo), 20th Int. Crimean Conf. |
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823-824 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, HEB |
| Abstract |
Results of development of single-photon receiving systems of visible, infrared and terahertz range based on thin-film superconducting nanostructures are presented. The receiving systems are produced on the basis of superconducting nanostructures, which function by means of hot-electron phenomena. |
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IEEE |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ smirnov2010infrared |
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1025 |
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Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
| Title |
NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector for mid-infrared |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
Phys. Procedia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Procedia |
| Volume |
36 |
Issue |
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72-76 |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) is typically 100 nm-wide supercondiucting strip in a shape of meander made of 4-nm-thick film. To reduce response time and increase voltage response a parallel connection of the strips was proposed. Recently we demonstrated that reduction of the strip width improves the quantum effciency of such a detector at wavelengths longer than 1.5 μm. Being encourage by this progress in quantum effciency we improved the fabrication process and made parallel-wire SSPD with 40-nm-wide strips covering total area of 10 μm x 10 μm. In this paper we present the results of the characterization of such a parallel-wire SSPD at 10.6 μm wavelength and demonstrate linear dependence of the count rate on the light power as it should be in case of single-photon response. |
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1875-3892 |
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no |
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1382 |
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Kitaygorsky, Jennifer; Komissarov, I.; Jukna, A.; Minaeva, O.; Kaurova, N.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Voronov, B.; Milostnaya, I.; Gol'tsman, G.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Fluctuations in two-dimensional superconducting NbN nanobridges and nanostructures meanders |
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Abstract |
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2007 |
Publication |
Proc. APS March Meeting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. APS March Meeting |
| Volume |
52 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
L9.00013 |
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| Abstract |
We have observed fluctuations, manifested as sub-nanosecond to nanosecond transient, millivolt-amplitude voltage pulses, generated in two-dimensional NbN nanobridges, as well as in extended superconducting meander nanostructures, designed for single photon counting. Both nanobridges and nano-stripe meanders were biased at currents close to the critical current and measured in a range of temperatures from 1.5 to 8 K. During the tests, the devices were blocked from all incoming radiation by a metallic enclosure and shielded from any external magnetic fields. We attribute the observed spontaneous voltage pulses to the Kosterlitz-Thouless-type fluctuations, where the high enough applied bias current reduces the binding energy of vortex-antivortex pairs and, subsequently, thermal fluctuations break them apart causing the order parameter to momentarily reduce to zero, which in turn causes a transient voltage pulse. The duration of the voltage pulses depended on the device geometry (with the high-kinetic inductance meander structures having longer, nanosecond, pulses) while their rate was directly related to the biasing current as well as temperature. |
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