| Records |
| Author |
Hubers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Schwarz, M.; Gunther, B.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B. |
| Title |
Heterodyne receiver for 3-5 THz with hot-electron bolometer mixer |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
5498 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
579-586 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy and planetary research need quantum limited sensitivity. In instruments which are currently build for SOFIA and Herschel superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) will be used to achieve this goal at frequencies above 1.4 THz. The local oscillator and the mixer are the most critical components for a heterodyne receiver operating at 3-5 THz. The design and performance of an optically pumped THz gas laser optimized for this frequency band will be presented. In order to optimize the performance for this frequency hot electron bolometer mixers with different in-plane dimensions and logarithmic-spiral feed antennas have been investigated. Their noise temperatures and beam patterns were measured. Above 3 THz the best performance was achieved with a superconducting bridge of 2.0 x 0.2 μm2 incorporated in a logarithmic spiral antenna. The DSB noise temperatures were 2700 K, 4700 K and 6400 K at 3.1 THz, 4.3 THz and 5.2 THz, respectively. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for THz heterodyne receivers up to at least 5 THz. |
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| Publisher |
SPIE |
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Editor  |
Zmuidzinas, J.; Holland, W.S.; Withington, S. |
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Conference |
Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy II |
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no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1483 |
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| Author |
Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J.; de Korte, P.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
| Title |
Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
5498 |
Issue |
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Pages |
168-176 |
| Keywords |
Hot electron bolometers, bandwidth, noise temperature, experimental |
| Abstract |
NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers are at this moment the best heterodyne detectors for frequencies above 1 THz. However, the fabrication procedure of these devices is such that the quality of the interface between the NbN superconducting film and the contact structure is not under good control. This results in a contact resistance between the NbN bolometer and the contact pad. We compare identical bolometers, with different NbN – contact pad interfaces, coupled with a spiral antenna. We find that cleaning the NbN interface and adding a thin additional superconductor prior to the gold contact deposition improves the noise temperature and the bandwidth of the HEB mixers with more than a factor of 2. We obtain a DSB noise temperature of 950 K at 2.5 THz and a Gain bandwidth of 5-6 GHz. For use in real receiver systems we design small volume (0.15x1 micron) HEB mixers with a twin slot antenna. We find that these mixers combine good sensitivity (900 K at 1.6 THz) with low LO power requirement, which is 160 – 240 nW at the Si lens of the mixer. This value is larger than expected from the isothermal technique and the known losses in the lens by a factor of 3-3.5. |
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SPIE |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Zmuidzinas, J.; Holland, W.S.; Withington, S. |
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Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy II |
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no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1744 |
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| Author |
Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
NbN hot electron bolometer mixers with superior performance for space applications |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
11-17 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, applications |
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Place of Publication |
Noordwijk |
Editor |
Armandillo, E.; Leone, B. |
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International workshop on low temperature electronics- WOLTE 6 - Noordwijk |
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no |
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Serial |
1496 |
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| Author |
Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
Low noise NbN superconducting hot electron bolometer mixers at 1.9 and 2.5 THz |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
S224-S228 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers (HEBs) have been realized with negligible contact resistance between the bolometer itself and the contact structure. Using a combination of in situ cleaning of the NbN film and the use of an additional superconducting interlayer of a 10 nm NbTiN layer between the Au of the contact structure and the NbN film superior noise temperatures have been obtained as low as 950 K at 2.5 THz and 750 K at 1.9 THz. Here we address in detail the DC characterization of these devices, the interface transparencies between the bolometers and the contacts and the consequences of these factors on the mixer performance. |
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0953-2048 |
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no |
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Serial |
558 |
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| Author |
Klaassen, T. O.; Hovenier, J. N.; Adam, A. J. L.; Fischer, J.; Jakob, G.; Poglitsch, A.; Redlich, B. |
| Title |
Terahertz calorimetry for the Herschel Space Observatory |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
815-816 |
| Keywords |
mirror, reflection index, emissivity, calorimetry, space observatory, terahertz, THz |
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no |
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Serial |
578 |
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| Author |
Semenov, Alexei; Richter, Heiko; Smirnov, Konstantin; Voronov, Boris; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm |
| Title |
The development of terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometric mixers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
436-439 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We present recent advances in the development of NbN hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixers for flying terahertz heterodyne receivers. Three important issues have been addressed: the quality of the source NbN films, the effect of the bolometer size on the spectral properties of different planar feed antennas, and the local oscillator (LO) power required for optimal operation of the mixer. Studies of the NbN films with an atomic force microscope indicated a surface structure that may affect the performance of the smallest mixers. Measured spectral gain and noise temperature suggest that at frequencies above 2.5 THz the spiral feed provides better overall performance than the double-slot feed. Direct measurements of the optimal LO power support earlier estimates made in the framework of the uniform mixer model. |
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no |
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357 |
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Pan, S. K.; A. R. Kerr, M. W. Pospieszalski; Lauria, E. F.; Crady, W. K.; Horner, N.; Srikanth, Jr. S.; Bryerton, E.; Saini, K.; Claude, S. M. X.; Chin, C. C.; Dindo, P.; Rodrigues, G.; Derdall, D.; Zhang, J. Z.; Lichtenberger, A. W. |
| Title |
A fixed-tuned integrated SIS mixer with ultra-wideband IF and quantum-limited sensitivity for ALMA band 3 (84-116 GHz) receivers |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Pages |
55-61 |
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Place of Publication |
Northampton, MA |
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no |
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RPLAB @ s @ SIS_bandw_8GHz |
Serial |
358 |
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| Author |
Yorke, Harold W.; Paine, Christopher G.; Bradford, Charles M.; Mark Dragovan; Nash, Al E.; Dooley, Jennifer A.; Lawrence, Charles R. |
| Title |
Thermal design trades for SAFIR architecture concepts |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
5487 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1617-1624 |
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no |
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RPLAB @ s @ sun_shield_SAFIR_SPIE_2004 |
Serial |
340 |
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| Author |
Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Kaurova, N. S.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Noise temperature measurements of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixer at 2.5 and 3.8 THz |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
236-241 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixer, NbN, direct detection effect |
| Abstract |
We present the results of noise temperature measurements of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixers based on a 3.5 nm NbN film deposited on a high-resistivity Si substrate with a 200 nm – thick MgO buffer layer. The mixer element was integrated with a log-periodic spiral antenna. The noise temperature measurements were performed at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz local oscillator frequencies for the 3 µm x 0.2 µm active area devices. The best uncorrected receiver noise temperatures found for these frequencies are 1300 K and 3100 K, respectively. A water vapour discharge laser was used as the LO source. We also present the results of direct detection contribution to the measured Y-factor and of a possible error of noise temperature calculation. This error was more than 8% for the mixer with in-plane dimensions of 2.4 x 0.16 µm 2 at the optimal noise temperature point. The use of a mesh filter enabled us to avoid the effect of direct detection and decrease optical losses by 0.5 dB. The paper is concluded by the investigation results of the mixer polarization response. It was shown that the polarization can differ from the circular one at 3.8 THz by more than 2 dB. |
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Northampton, Massachusetts, USA |
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no |
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344 |
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| Author |
Ozhegov, R.; Morozov, D.; Maslennikov, S.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
Submillimeter wave range imaging system for registering human body radiation and finding out the things covered under clothes |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. 3rd Int. exhibition and conf. Non-Destructive Testing Equipment and Devices |
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Pages |
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Place of Publication |
Moscow |
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345 |
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