| Records |
| Author |
Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Kollberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Richter, H.; Huebers, H.-W. |
| Title |
1.6 THz heterodyne receiver for the far infrared space telescope |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
| Volume |
372-376 |
Issue |
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Pages |
427-431 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, applications |
| Abstract |
A low noise heterodyne receiver is being developed for the terahertz range using a phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer based on 3.5 nm thick superconducting NbN film. In the 1–2 GHz intermediate frequency band the double-sideband receiver noise temperature was 450 K at 0.6 THz, 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. In the 3–8 GHz IF band the lowest receiver noise temperature was 700 K at 0.6 THz, 1500 K at 1.6 THz and 3000 K at 2.5 THz while it increased by a factor of 3 towards 8 GHz. |
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0921-4534 |
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no |
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1527 |
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| Author |
Semenov, Alexei; Hübers, Heinz.-Wilhelm; Richter, Heiko; Birk, Manfred; Krocka, Michael; Mair, Ulrich; Smirnov, Konstantin; Gol'tsman, Grigory; Voronov, Boris |
| Title |
Performance of terahertz heterodyne receiver with a superconducting hot-electron mixer |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
229-234 |
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| Abstract |
During the past decade major advances have been made regarding low noise mixers for terahertz heterodyne receivers. State of the art hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers have noise temperatures close to the quantum limit and require less than a microwatt power from the local oscillator (L0). The technology is now at a point where the performance of a practical receiver employing such mixer, rather than the figures of merit of the mixer itself, is of major concern. We have incorporated a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer in a 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver and investigated its performance. This yields important information for future development of heterodyne receivers such as GREAT (German receiver for astronomy at THz frequencies aboard SOFIA) [1] and TELIS (Terahertz limb sounder), a balloon borne heterodyne receiver for atmospheric research [2]. Both are currently under development at DLR. |
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no |
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1529 |
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| Author |
Semenov, Alexei; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Engel, Andreas; Gol'tsman, Gregory N. |
| Title |
Background limited superconducting quantum detector for astronomy |
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Abstract |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
NASA/ADS |
Abbreviated Journal |
NASA/ADS |
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Pages |
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SQD |
| Abstract |
We present the concept of the superconducting quantum detector for astronomy. Response to a single absorbed photon appears due to successive formation of a normal spot and phase-slip-centers in a narrow strip carrying sub-critical supercurrent. The detector simultaneously has a moderate energy resolution and a variable cut-off wavelength depending on both the material used and operation conditions. We simulated performance of the background-limited direct detector having the 100- micrometer cut-off wavelength. Low dark count rate will allow to realize 10-21 W Hz-1/2 noise equivalent power at 4 K background radiation. The intrinsic recovery time of the counter is rather determined by diffusion of nonequilibrium electrons, thus, thermal fluctuations do not hamper energy resolution of the detector. Provided an appropriate readout technique, the resolution should be better than 1/20 at 50- micrometer wavelength. Planar layout and relatively simple technology favor integration of the detector into an array. |
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Monterey, CA |
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Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop, held 1-3 April 2002 |
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id.62 |
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1535 |
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| Author |
Kawamura, J.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Papa, D. C.; Hunter, T. R.; Patt, F.; Gol’tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
| Title |
Terahertz-frequency waveguide NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
952-954 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We have developed a low-noise waveguide heterodyne receiver for operation near 1 THz using phonon-cooled NbN hot-electron bolometers. The mixer elements are submicron-sized microbridges of 4 nm-thick NbN film fabricated on a quartz substrate. Operating at a bath temperature of 4.2 K, the double-sideband receiver noise temperature is 760 K at 1.02 THz and 1100 K at 1.26 THz. The local oscillator is provided by solid-state sources, and power measured at the source is less than 1 /spl mu/W. The intermediate frequency bandwidth exceeds 2 GHz. The receiver was used to make the first ground-based heterodyne detection of a celestial spectroscopic line above 1 THz. |
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1558-2515 |
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no |
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1546 |
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Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Krabbe, A.; Birk, M.; Wagner, G.; Semenov, A.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. |
| Title |
Parylene anti-reflection coating of a quasi-optical hot-electron-bolometric mixer at terahertz frequencies |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Infrared Physics & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Infrared Physics & Technology |
| Volume |
42 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
41-47 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, anti-reflection coating |
| Abstract |
Parylene C was investigated as anti-reflection coating for silicon at terahertz frequencies. Measurements with a Fourier-transform spectrometer show that the transmittance of pure silicon can be improved by about 30% when applying a layer of Parylene C with a quarter wavelength optical thickness. The 10% bandwidth of this coating extends from 1.5 to 3 THz for a center frequency of 2.3–2.5 THz, where the transmittance is constant. Heterodyne measurements demonstrate that the noise temperature of a hot-electron-bolometric mixer can be reduced significantly by coating the silicon lens of the hybrid antenna with a quarter wavelength Parylene C layer. Compared to the same mixer with an uncoated lens the improvement is about 30% at a frequency of 2.5 THz. |
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1350-4495 |
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no |
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1548 |
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| Author |
Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Semenov, Alexei; Schubert, Josef; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Voronov, Boris; Gershenzon, Evgeni |
| Title |
Performance of the phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer between 0.7 THz and 5.2 THz |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Proc. 8-th Int. Conf. on Terahertz Electronics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 8-th Int. Conf. on Terahertz Electronics |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
117-119 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We report on the phonon cooled NbN hot electron bolometer as mixer in the terahertz frequency range. Its hybrid antenna consists of a hyperhemispheric silicon lens and a logarithmic-spiral feed antenna. Noise temperatures have been measured between 0.7 THz and 5.2 THz. A quarter wavelength layer of Parylene works as antireflection coating for the silicon lens and reduces the noise temperature by about 30. It was found that the antenna pattern at 2.5 THz is determined by the feed antenna and not by the diameter of the lens. |
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Darmstadt, Germany |
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International Conference on Terahertz Electronics [8th], Held inDarmstadt, Germany on 28-29 September 2000 |
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no |
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Serial |
1553 |
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| Author |
Darula, Marian; Semenov, Alex D.; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Schubert, Josef |
| Title |
Quasioptical high-Tc superconductor Josephson mixer at terahertz frequencies |
Type |
Abstract |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
515 |
| Keywords |
HTS Josephson mixers |
| Abstract |
Mixers based on Josephson junctions from conventional superconductor materials have demonstrated excellent performance at subgap frequencies. The advantages of Josephson mixers are low optimal power of the local oscillator and large intermediate frequency bandwidth but their noise temperature increases dramatically at frequencies corresponding to the energy gap of the superconductor, which is typically below 1 THz for widely used materials. The large energy gap of oxide superconductors makes them promising candidates for development of terahertz Josephson mixers. Here we report on experimental study of the quasioptical mixer utilizing bicrystal Josephson junction from high-transition-temperature YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ film. Junctions with a width of 2 µm were fabricated from 100 nm thick laser ablated films on bicrystal MgO substrates and had the and the J C R n product of about 2 mV at 4.2 K. The planar complementary logarithmic spiral antenna incorporated into co-planar waveguide was patterned from 200 nm thick gold film thermally evaporated in situ on top of the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ film. The mixer chip was clamped to the extended hemispherical silicon lens. Performance of the mixer was investigated at 4.5 K bath temperature. We used FIR laser as a local oscillator at frequencies 0.698 and 2.52 THz. System noise temperature (DSB) was determined from Y-factor measured with 300 K and 77 K loads. At 0.698 THz the lowest noise temperature 1750 K was observed when the mixer was biased with the fixed current to the region in the vicinity of either the first Shapiro step or the critical current. Between these two bias points the noise temperature increased to ≈ 20000 K. As function of the local oscillator power the noise temperature reached the minimum when the critical current was suppressed to the half of its equilibrium value. Power of the local oscillator absorbed by the mixer at optimal operation was of the order 100 nW. The present design of our antenna limits the upper operation frequency to the value of 1.8 THz. Nevertheless, we clearly observed Shapiro steps at the frequency 2.52 THz. Bearing in mind an improved design of the antenna, we estimate the 3000 K DSB noise temperature at this frequency. |
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no |
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1555 |
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| Author |
Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H.-W.; Schwaab, G.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
| Title |
Heterodyne measurements of a NbN superconducting hot electron mixer at terahertz frequencies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
3757-3760 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
The performance of a NbN based phonon-cooled Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixer is investigated in the 0.65-3.12 THz frequency range. The device is made from a 3 nm thick NbN film on high resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The in-plane dimensions of the bolometer strip are 0.2/spl times/2 /spl mu/m. The best results of the DSB noise temperature at 1.5 GHz IF frequency obtained with one device are: 1300 K at 650 GHz, 4700 K at 2.5 THz and 10000 K at 3.12 THz. The measurements were performed at 4.5 K ambient temperature. The amount of local oscillator (LO) power absorbed in the bolometer is about 100 nW. The mixer is linear to within 1 dB compression up to the signal level 10 dB below that of the LO. The intrinsic single sideband conversion gain measured at 650 GHz is -9 dB, the total conversion gain is -14 dB. |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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Serial |
1569 |
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| Author |
Schubert, J.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schwaab, G.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. |
| Title |
Noise temperature and sensitivity of a NbN hot-electron mixer at frequencies from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
190-199 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We report on noise temperature measurements of a NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer at different bias regimes. The device was a 3 nm thick bridge with in-plane dimensions of 1.7 x 0.2 gm 2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. Measurements were performed at frequencies ranging from 0.7 THz up to 5.2 THz. The measured DSB noise temperatures are 1500 K (0.7 THz), 2200 K (1.4 THz), 2600 K (1.6 THz), 2900 K (2.5 THz), 4000 K (3.1 THz) 5600 K (4.3 THz) and 8800 K (5.2 THz). Two bias regimes are possible in order to achieve low noise temperatures. But only one of them yields sensitivity fluctuations close to the theoretical limit. |
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no |
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1573 |
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| Author |
Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Schwaab, G.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
| Title |
NbN hot electron bolometric mixers at frequencies between 0.7 and 3.1 THz |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
238-246 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
The performance of NbN based phonon-cooled Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixers is investigated in the 0.7-3.1 THz frequency range. The devices are made from a 3.5-4 nm thick NbN film on high resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The length of the bolometer microbridge is 0.1- 0.2 gm, the width is 1-2 gm. The best results of the DSB receiver noise temperature measured at 1.5 GHz intermediate frequency are: 800 K at 0.7 THz, 1100 K at 1.6 THz, 2000 K at 2.5 THz and 4200 K at 3.1 THz. The measurements were performed with a far infrared laser as the local oscillator (LO) source. The estimated LO power required is less than 500 nW at the receiver input. First results on the spiral antenna polarization measurements are reported. |
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1575 |
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