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Author |
Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Lipatov, A. P.; Pearlman, A. J.; Cross, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A. A.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Title |
Advanced nanostructured optical NbN single-photon detector operated at 2.0 K |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
5732 |
Issue |
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Pages  |
520-529 |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
We present our studies on quantum efficiency (QE), dark counts, and noise equivalent power (NEP) of the latest generation of nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) operated at 2.0 K. Our SSPDs are based on 4 nm-thick NbN films, patterned by electron beam lithography as highly-uniform 100÷120-nm-wide meander-shaped stripes, covering the total area of 10x10 μm2 with the meander filling factor of 0.7. Advances in the fabrication process and low-temperature operation lead to QE as high as 30-40% for visible-light photons (0.56 μm wavelength)-the saturation value, limited by optical absorption of the NbN film. For 1.55 μm photons, QE was 20% and decreased exponentially with the wavelength reaching 0.02% at the 5-μm wavelength. Being operated at 2.0-K temperature the SSPDs revealed an exponential decrease of the dark count rate, what along with the high QE, resulted in the NEP as low as 5x10-21 W/Hz-1/2, the lowest value ever reported for near-infrared optical detectors. The SSPD counting rate was measured to be above 1 GHz with the pulse-to-pulse jitter below 20 ps. Our nanostructured NbN SSPDs operated at 2.0 K significantly outperform their semiconducting counterparts and find practical applications ranging from noninvasive testing of CMOS VLSI integrated circuits to ultrafast quantum communications and quantum cryptography. |
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Spie |
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Razeghi, M.; Brown, G.J. |
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Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II |
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1478 |
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Author |
Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Izbenko, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Title |
Nano-structured superconducting single-photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
520 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
527-529 |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
NbN detectors, formed into meander-type, 10×10-μm2 area structures, based on ultrathin (down to 3.5-nm thickness) and nanometer-width (down to below 100 nm) NbN films are capable of efficiently detecting and counting single photons from the ultraviolet to near-infrared optical wavelength range. Our best devices exhibit QE >15% in the visible range and ∼10% in the 1.3–1.5-μm infrared telecommunication window. The noise equivalent power (NEP) ranges from ∼10−17 W/Hz1/2 at 1.5 μm radiation to ∼10−19 W/Hz1/2 at 0.56 μm, and the dark counts are over two orders of magnitude lower than in any semiconducting competitors. The intrinsic response time is estimated to be <30 ps. Such ultrafast detector response enables a very high, GHz-rate real-time counting of single photons. Already established applications of NbN photon counters are non-invasive testing and debugging of VLSI Si CMOS circuits and quantum communications. |
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0168-9002 |
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1495 |
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Author |
Voevodin, E. I.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Chulkova, G. M. |
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Title |
Capture of free holes by charged acceptors in uniaxially deformed Ge |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov |
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Volume |
22 |
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3 |
Pages |
540-543 |
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Keywords |
Ge, free holes, capture |
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Abstract |
Цель настоящей работы — исследование кинетики примесной фотопроводимости p-Ge при сильном одноосном сжатии в широком диапазоне изменения интенсивности примесного подсвета, создающего свободные дырки, и определение сечения каскадного захвата дырок на мелкие заряженные акцепторы в условиях преобладания электрон-фононного механизма потерь энергии. |
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Russian |
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Захват свободных дырок заряженными акцепторами в одноосно деформированном Ge |
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no |
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1698 |
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Gayduchenko, I.; Xu, S. G.; Alymov, G.; Moskotin, M.; Tretyakov, I.; Taniguchi, T.; Watanabe, K.; Goltsman, G.; Geim, A. K.; Fedorov, G.; Svintsov, D.; Bandurin, D. A. |
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Title |
Tunnel field-effect transistors for sensitive terahertz detection |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Nat. Commun. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat. Commun. |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
543 |
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Keywords |
field-effect transistors, bilayer graphene, BLG |
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The rectification of electromagnetic waves to direct currents is a crucial process for energy harvesting, beyond-5G wireless communications, ultra-fast science, and observational astronomy. As the radiation frequency is raised to the sub-terahertz (THz) domain, ac-to-dc conversion by conventional electronics becomes challenging and requires alternative rectification protocols. Here, we address this challenge by tunnel field-effect transistors made of bilayer graphene (BLG). Taking advantage of BLG's electrically tunable band structure, we create a lateral tunnel junction and couple it to an antenna exposed to THz radiation. The incoming radiation is then down-converted by the tunnel junction nonlinearity, resulting in high responsivity (>4 kV/W) and low-noise (0.2 pW/[Formula: see text]) detection. We demonstrate how switching from intraband Ohmic to interband tunneling regime can raise detectors' responsivity by few orders of magnitude, in agreement with the developed theory. Our work demonstrates a potential application of tunnel transistors for THz detection and reveals BLG as a promising platform therefor. |
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Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. bandurin@mit.edu |
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English |
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2041-1723 |
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Notes |
PMID:33483488; PMCID:PMC7822863 |
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no |
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1261 |
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Author |
Baubert, J.; Salez, M.; Delorme, Y.; Pons, P.; Goltsman, G.; Merkel, H.; Leconte, B. |
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Title |
Membrane-based HEB mixer for THz applications |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
5116 |
Issue |
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Pages |
551-562 |
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Keywords |
membrane NbN HEB mixers, heterodyne receiver, stress-less membrane, coupling efficiency, submillimeter-waves frequency, low-cost space applications |
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Abstract |
We report in this paper a new concept for 2.7 THz superconducting Niobium nitride (NbN) Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer (HEB). The membrane process was developped for space telecommnunication applications a few years ago and the HEB mixer concept is now considered as the best choice for low-noise submillimeter-wave frequency heterodyne receivers. The idea is then to join these two technologies. The novel fabrication scheme is to fabricate a NbN HEB mixer on a 1 μm thick stress-less Si3N4/SiO2 membrane. This seems to present numerous improvements concerning : use at higher RF frequencies, power coupling efficiency, HEB mixer sensitivity, noise temperature, and space applications. This work is to be continued within the framework of an ESA TRP project, a 2.7 THz heterodyne camera with numerous applications including a SOFIA airborne receiver. This paper presents the whole fabrication process, the validation tests and preliminary results. Membrane-based HEB mixer theory is currently being investigated and further tests such as heterodyne and Fourier transform spectrometry measurement are planed shortly. |
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SPIE |
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Chiao, J.-C.; Varadan, V.K.; Cané, C. |
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Smart Sensors, Actuators, and MEMS |
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Call Number |
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1520 |
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