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Author |
Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Антипов, С. В.; Масленников, С. Н.; Смирнов, К. В.; Поляков, С. Л.; Чжан, В.; Свечников, С. И.; Каурова, Н. С.; Гришина, Е. В.; Воронов, Б. М.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
Title |
Квазиоптические смесители терагерцового диапазона на основе эффекта разогрева электронов в тонких пленках NbN |
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Conference Article |
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2006 |
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Proc. 16th Int. Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology |
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2 |
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688-689 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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Представлены результаты измерения рактеристик смесителей на эффекте разогрева электронов в тонких сверхпроводниковых пленках NbN. Смесители были изготовлены на основе пленок NbN толщиной 2-3.5 нм осажденных на кремниевую подложку с буферным подсло- ем MgO. Смесительный элемент согласовывался с планар- ной логопериодической спиральной антенной. Лучшее зна- чение шумовой температуры приемника на основе NbN смесителя составило 1300 К и 3100 К на частотах гетеро- дина 2.5 TГц и 3.8 ТГц, соответственно. Максимальное зна- чение полосы преобразования, измеренной на частоте 900 |Ц, достигло значения 5.2 ГГц для смесителя изготовлен- ного из NbN пленки толщиной 2 нм. Оптимальная мощность Представлены результаты измерения ха- гетеродинного источника составила 1-3 мкВт для смесите- лей с различным объемом смесительного элемента. |
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Russian |
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Duplicated as 1445 |
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1446 |
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Schubert, J.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schwaab, G.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Noise temperature of an NbN hot-electron bolometric mixer at frequencies from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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12 |
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11 |
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748-750 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
We report on noise temperature measurements of an NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The devices were 3 nm thick films with in-plane dimensions 1.7 × 0.2 µm2 and 0.9 × 0.2 µm2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic-spiral antenna. Measurements were performed at seven frequencies ranging from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. The measured DSB noise temperatures are 1500 K (0.7 THz), 2200 K (1.4 THz), 2600 K (1.6 THz), 2900 K (2.5 THz), 4000 K (3.1 THz), 5600 K (4.3 THz) and 8800 K (5.2 THz). |
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298 |
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Tong, C.-Y. E.; Meledin, D.; Loudkov, D.; Blundell, R.; Erickson, N.; Kawamura, J.; Mehdi, I.; Gol’tsman, G. |
Title |
A 1.5 THz Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer operated by a planar diode based local oscillator |
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Conference Article |
Year |
2003 |
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IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Digest |
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2 |
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751-754 |
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waveguide NbN HEB mixers |
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We have developed a 1.5 THz superconducting NbN Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer. It is operated by an all-solid-state Local Oscillator comprising of a cascade of 4 planar doublers following an MMIC based W-band power amplifier. The threshold available pump power is estimated to be 1 /spl mu/W. |
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Philadelphia, PA, USA |
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1516 |
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Ekstrom, H.; Karasik, B.; Weikle, R.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Gol’tsman, G.; Kollberg, E.; Gershenzon, E. |
Title |
Mixers using superconducting Nb films in the resistive state |
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Conference Article |
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1993 |
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23rd European Microwave Conf. |
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23rd European Microwave Conf. |
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787-789 |
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Nb HEB mixers |
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The mixing of 20 GHz radiation in a Nb superconducting film in the resistive state was studied. The experiment gave evidence of electron-heating to be the origin of the non-linear phenomenon. The requirements on the operation mode and on the film parameters in order to obtain small conversion losses or even gain are determined. Our measurements indicate a conversion loss of about 6-8 dB. The hot-electron bolometer is considered to be very promising for use in heterodyne receivers in a wide frequency range from microwaves to terahertz frequencies. |
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1651 |
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Karasik, B. S.; Elantiev, A. I. |
Title |
Noise temperature limit of a superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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Journal Article |
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1996 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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68 |
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6 |
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853-855 |
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HEB mixer noise temperature, Johnson noise, thermal fluctuation noise, noise bandwidth |
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0003-6951 |
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260 |
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Rönnung, F.; Cherednichenko, S.; Winkler, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
Title |
A nanoscale YBCO mixer optically coupled with a bow tie antenna |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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12 |
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11 |
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853-855 |
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YBCO HTS HEB mixers |
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The bolometric response of YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO) hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) to near-infrared radiation was studied. Devices were fabricated from a 50 nm thick film and had in-plane areas of 10 × 10 µm2, 2 × 0.2 µm2, 1 × 0.2µm2 and 0.5 × 0.2 µm2. We found that nonequilibrium phonons cool down more effectively for the bolometers with smaller area. For the smallest bolometer the bolometric component in the response is 10 dB less than for the largest one. |
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0953-2048 |
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1563 |
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Hans Ekstrom; Karasik, Boris S.; Kollberg, Erik L.; Sigfrid Yngvesson |
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Conversion gain and noise of niobium superconducting hot–electron–mixers |
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Journal Article |
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1995 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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43 |
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4 |
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938-947 |
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Nb HEB mixers |
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254 |
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Kawamura, J.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Papa, D. C.; Hunter, T. R.; Patt, F.; Gol’tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Terahertz-frequency waveguide NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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11 |
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1 |
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952-954 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We have developed a low-noise waveguide heterodyne receiver for operation near 1 THz using phonon-cooled NbN hot-electron bolometers. The mixer elements are submicron-sized microbridges of 4 nm-thick NbN film fabricated on a quartz substrate. Operating at a bath temperature of 4.2 K, the double-sideband receiver noise temperature is 760 K at 1.02 THz and 1100 K at 1.26 THz. The local oscillator is provided by solid-state sources, and power measured at the source is less than 1 /spl mu/W. The intermediate frequency bandwidth exceeds 2 GHz. The receiver was used to make the first ground-based heterodyne detection of a celestial spectroscopic line above 1 THz. |
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1558-2515 |
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1546 |
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Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H. W.; Richter, H. |
Title |
NbN hot electron bolometric mixers for terahertz receivers |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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11 |
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1 |
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962-965 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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Sensitivity and gain bandwidth measurements of phonon-cooled NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers are presented. The best receiver noise temperatures are: 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. Parylene as an antireflection coating on silicon has been investigated and used in the optics of the receiver. The dependence of the mixer gain bandwidth (GBW) on the bias voltage has been measured. Starting from low bias voltages, close to operating conditions yielding the lowest noise temperature, the GBW increases towards higher bias voltages, up to three times the initial value. The highest measured GBW is 9 GHz within the same bias range the noise temperature increases by a factor of two. |
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312 |
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Pentin, I. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Vaks, V. L.; Pripolzin, S. I.; Pavel’ev, D. G.; Koshurinov, Y. I.; Ivanov, A. S. |
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Semiconducting superlattice as a solid-state terahertz local oscillator for NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Tech. Phys. |
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Tech. Phys. |
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57 |
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7 |
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971-974 |
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semiconducting superlattice frequency multiplier, NbN HEB mixers |
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We present the results of our studies of the semiconducting superlattice (SSL) frequency multiplier and its application as part of the solid state local oscillator (LO) in the terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer. We show that the SSL output power level increases as the ambient temperature is lowered to 4.2 K, the standard HEB operation temperature. |
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1063-7842 |
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1378 |
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Cherednichenko, S.; Yagoubov, P.; Il'in, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Large bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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Proc. 27th Eur. Microwave Conf. |
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2 |
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972-977 |
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HEB mixer, fabrication process |
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The bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers has been systematically investigated with respect to the film thickness and film quality variation. The films, 2.5 to 10 nm thick, were fabricated on sapphire substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering. All devices consisted of several parallel strips, each 1 um wide and 2 um long, placed between Ti-Au contact pads. To measure the gain bandwidth we used two identical BWOs operating in the 120-140 GHz frequency range, one functioning as a local oscillator and the other as a signal source. The majority of the measurements were made at an ambient temperature of 4.2 K with optimal LO and DC bias. The maximum 3 dB bandwidth (about 4 GHz) was achieved for the devices made of films which were 2.5-3.5 nm thick, had a high critical temperature, and high critical current density. A theoretical analysis of bandwidth for these mixers based on the two-temperature model gives a good description of the experimental results if one assumes that the electron temperature is equal to the critical temperature. |
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Jerusalem, Israel |
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IEEE |
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27th Eur. Microwave Conf. |
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1075 |
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Tretyakov, I. V.; Anfertyev, V. A.; Revin, L. S.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Vaks, V. L.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Sensitivity and resolution of a heterodyne receiver based on the NbN HEB mixer with a quantum-cascade laser as a local oscillator |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
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Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
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60 |
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12 |
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988-992 |
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NbN HEB mixer |
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We present the results of experimental studies of the basic characteristics and operation features of a terahertz heterodyne detector based on the superconducting NbN HEB mixer and a quantum cascade laser as a local oscillator operating at a frequency of 2.02 THz. The measured noise temperature of such a mixer amounted to 1500 K. The spectral resolution of the detector is determined by the width of the local-oscillator spectral line whose measured value does not exceed 1 MHz. The quantum-cascade laser could be linearly tuned with respect to frequency with the coefficient 7.2 MHz/mA within the limits of the current oscillation bandwidth. |
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0033-8443 |
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1307 |
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Yagoubov, Pavel; Kroug, Matthias; Merkel, Harald; Kollberg, Erik; Schubert, Josef; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm |
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NbN hot electron bolometric mixers at frequencies between 0.7 and 3.1 THz |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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12 |
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11 |
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989-991 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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The performance of NbN-based phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixers is investigated in the 0.7-3.1 THz frequency range. The devices are made from a 3.5-4 nm thick NbN film on high resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The length of the bolometer microbridge is 0.1-0.2 µm; the width is 1-2 µm. The best results of the DSB receiver noise temperature measured at 1.5 GHz intermediate frequency are: 800 K at 0.7 THz, 1100 K at 1.6 THz, 2000 K at 2.5 THz and 4200 K at 3.1 THz. The measurements were performed with a far infrared laser as the local oscillator (LO) source. The estimated LO power requirement is less than 500 nW at the receiver input. First results on spiral antenna polarization measurements are reported. |
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0953-2048 |
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295 |
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Ozhegov, R. V.; Gorshkov, K. N.; Okunev, O. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer as element of thermal imager matrix |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Tech. Phys. Lett. |
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Tech. Phys. Lett. |
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36 |
Issue |
11 |
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1006-1008 |
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HEB mixers |
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The possibility of using a matrix of sensitive elements on a 12-mm-diameter hyperhemispherical lens in a thermal imager operating in the terahertz range has been studied. Dimensions of a lens region acceptable for arrangement of the matrix, in which the receiver noise temperature varies within 16% of the mean value, are determined to be 3.3% of the lens diameter. Deviations of the main lobe of the directivity pattern are evaluated, which amount to ±1.25° relative to the direction toward the optimum position of a mixer. The fluctuation sensitivity of the receiver measured in experiment is 0.5 K at a frequency of 300 GHz. |
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1063-7850 |
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1390 |
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Gerecht, E.; Musante, C.F.; Zhuang, Y.; Ji, M.; Yngvesson, K.S.; Goyette, T.; Waldman, J. |
Title |
NbN hot electron bolometric mixer with intrinsic receiver noise temperature of less than five times the quantum noise limit |
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Conference Article |
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2000 |
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Proc. IMS |
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2 |
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1007-1010 |
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HEB mixer |
Abstract |
In recent years, improvements in device development and quasi-optical coupling techniques utilizing planar antennas have led to a significant achievement in low noise receivers for the edges of the submillimeter frequency regime. Hot electron bolometric (HEB) receivers made of thin superconducting films such as NbN have produced a viable option for instruments designed to measure the molecular spectra for astronomical applications as well as in remote sensing of the atmosphere in the THz regime. This paper describes an NbN HEB mixer with intrinsic DSB receiver noise temperature of at most five times the quantum noise limit at frequencies as high as 2.24 THz |
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477 |
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