| Records |
| Author |
Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Elantev, A. I.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
| Title |
Subnanosecond switching of YBaCuO films between superconducting and normal states induced by current pulse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume |
77 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages  |
4064-4070 |
| Keywords |
YBCO HTS switches |
| Abstract |
A study is reported of the current switching in high‐quality YBaCuO films deposited onto NdGaO3 and ZrO2 substrates between superconducting (S) and normal (N) states. The films 60–120 nm thick prepared by laser ablation were structured into single strips between gold contacts. The time dependence of the resistance after application of the voltage step to the film was monitored. Experiment performed within certain ranges of voltage amplitudes and temperatures has shown the occurrence of the fast stage (shorter than 400 ps) both in S‐N and N‐S transitions. A fraction of the film resistance changing within this stage in the S‐N transition increases with the current amplitude. A subnanosecond N‐S stage becomes more pronounced for shorter pulses. The fast switching is followed by the much slower change of resistance. The mechanism of switching is discussed in terms of the hot‐electron phenomena in YBaCuO. The contributions of other thermal processes (e.g., a phonon escape from the film, a heat diffusion in the film and substrate, a resistive domain formation) in the subsequent stage of the resistance dynamic have been also discussed. The basic limiting characteristics (average dissipated power, energy needed for switching, maximum repetition rate) of a picosecond switch which is proposed to be developed are estimated. |
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0021-8979 |
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no |
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1623 |
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Gol'tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Okunev, O. V.; Dzardanov, A. L.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Ekstrom, H.; Jacobsson, S.; Kollberg, E. |
| Title |
NbN hot electron superconducting mixers for 100 GHz operation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
3065-3068 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
NbN is a promising superconducting material for hot-electron superconducting mixers with an IF bandwidth larger than 1 GHz. In the 1OO GHz frequency range, the following parameters were obtained for 50 /spl Aring/ thick NbN films at 4.2 K: receiver noise temperature (DSB) /spl sim/1000 K; conversion loss /spl sim/10 dB; IF bandwidth /spl sim/1 GHz; and local oscillator power /spl sim/1 /spl mu/W. An increase of the critical current of the NbN film, increased working temperature, and a better mixer matching may allow a broader IF bandwidth up to 2 GHz, reduced conversion losses down to 3-5 dB and a receiver noise temperature (DSB) down to 200-300 K. |
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1051-8223 |
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About LO power required |
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255 |
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| Author |
Karasik, B. S.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Zorin, M. A.; Elantev, A. I.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
| Title |
High speed current switching of homogeneous YBaCuO film between superconducting and resistive states |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
3042-3045 |
| Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB switches |
| Abstract |
Transitions of thin structured YBaCuO films from superconducting (S) to normal (N) state and back induced by a supercritical current pulse has been studied. A subnanosecond stage in the film resistance dynamic has been observed. A more gradual (nanosecond) ramp in the time dependence of the resistance follows the fast stage. The fraction of the film resistance which is attained during the fast S-N stage rises with the current amplitude. Subnanosecond N-S switching is more pronounced for smaller amplitudes of driving current and for shorter pulses. The phenomena observed are viewed within the framework of an electron heating model. The expected switching time and repetition rate of an optimized current controlling device are estimated to be 1-2 ps and 80 GHz respectively. |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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Serial |
1620 |
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Gol'tsman, G.; Kouminov, P.; Goghidze, I.; Gershenzon, E. |
| Title |
Nonequilibrium kinetic inductive response of YBCO thin films to low power laser pulses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
2591-2594 |
| Keywords |
YBCO HTS KID |
| Abstract |
We have discovered a transient nonequilibrium kinetic inductive voltage response of YBCO thin films to 20 ps pulses of YAG:Nd laser radiation with 0.63 /spl mu/m and 1.54 /spl mu/m wavelength. By increasing the sensitivity of the read-out system with 100 ps resolution time and diminishing the light intensity (fluence 0.1-2 /spl mu/J/cm/sup 2/) and transport current (density /spl les/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/) we were able to observe a peculiar bipolar signal form with nearly equal amplitudes for each sign. The integration of the kinetic inductive response over time gives the result which is qualitatively, of the same form as the response in the resistive and normal states: the nonequilibrium picosecond scale component is followed by the bolometric nanosecond component. The nonequilibrium response is interpreted as suppression of the order parameter by excess quasiparticles followed by a change both in resistance (for the resistive state) and in kinetic inductance (for the superconducting state). |
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1051-8223 |
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1621 |
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Zorin, M.; Gol'tsman, G.N.; Karasik, B.S.; Elantev, A.I.; Gershenzon, E.M.; Lindgren, M.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D. |
| Title |
Optical mixing in thin YBa2Cu3O7-x films |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
2431-2434 |
| Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
High quality, j/sub c/ (77 K)>10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/, epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x films of 50 nm thickness were patterned into ten parallel 1 /spl mu/m wide strips. The film structure was coupled to a single-mode fiber. Mixer response was obtained at 0.78 /spl mu/m using laser frequency modulation and an optical delay line. Using two semiconductor lasers at 1.55 /spl mu/m wavelength the beating signal was used to measure the photoresponse up to 18 GHz. Nonequilibrium photoresponse in the resistive state of the superconductor was observed. Bolometric response dominates up to 3 GHz, after which the nonequilibrium response is constant up to the frequency limit of our registration system. Using an electron heating model the influence of different thermal processes on the conversion loss has been analyzed. Ways of increasing the sensitivity are also discussed. |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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1619 |
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Karasik, B. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Ekstrom, H.; Jacobsson, S.; Kollberg, E.; Yngvesson, K. S. |
| Title |
Hot electron quasioptical NbN superconducting mixer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
2232-2235 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
Hot electron superconductor mixer devices made of thin NbN films on SiO/sub 2/-Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/-Si membrane have been fabricated for 300-350 GHz operation. The device consists of 5-10 parallel strips each 5 /spl mu/m long by 1 /spl mu/m wide which are coupled to a tapered slot-line antenna. The I-V characteristics and position of optimum bias point were studied in the temperature range 4.5-8 K. The performance of the mixer at higher temperatures is closer to that predicted by theory for uniform electron heating. The intermediate frequency bandwidth versus bias has also been investigated. At the operating temperature 4.2 K a bandwidth as wide as 0.8 GHz has been measured for a mixer made of 6 nm thick film. The bandwidth tends to increase with operating temperature. The performance of the NbN mixer is expected to be better for higher frequencies where the absorption of radiation should be more uniform. |
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1051-8223 |
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1622 |
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de Lange, G.; Kuipers, J. J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Panhuyzen, R. A.; van de Stadt, H.; de Graauw, M. W. M. |
| Title |
Superconducting resonator circuits at frequencies above the gap frequency |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
77 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1795-1804 |
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no |
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257 |
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Parvitte, B.; Thomas, X.; Courtois, D. |
| Title |
Wide band (2.5 GHz) infrared heterodyne spectrometer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Int. J. Infrared and Millimeter Waves |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1533-1540 |
| Keywords |
HgCdTe detector mixer |
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0195-9271 |
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no |
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Serial |
470 |
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Ptitsina, N. G.; Chulkova, G. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
| Title |
Influence of the interference of electron-phonon and electron-impurity scattering on the conductivity of unordered Nb films |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
JETP |
Abbreviated Journal |
JETP |
| Volume |
80 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
960-964 |
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| Abstract |
The temperature dependence of the resistivity of Nb thin films has been studied at T=4.2-300 K. It has been shown that quantum interference between electron-phonon and electron-impurity scattering determines the temperature dependence of the resistivity of the films investigated over a broad temperature range. The magnitude of the contribution of the electron-phonon-impurity,interference is described satisfactorily by the theory developed by Reizer and Sergeev {Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 92,2291 (1987) [Sov. Phys. JETP 65, 1291 (1987)l). The interaction constants of electrons with longitudinal and transverse phonons in Nb films have been determined for the first time by comparing the experimental data with the theory. The values of the constants obtained are consistent with the data on the inelastic electron-phonon scattering times in the films investigated. The contribution of the transverse phonons is dominant both in the interference correction to the resistivity and in the electron energy relaxation. |
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RPLAB @ phisix @ |
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989 |
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Hans Ekstrom; Karasik, Boris S.; Kollberg, Erik L.; Sigfrid Yngvesson |
| Title |
Conversion gain and noise of niobium superconducting hot–electron–mixers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
43 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
938-947 |
| Keywords |
Nb HEB mixers |
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254 |
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Ekstrom H.; Karasik B. S.; Kollberg E.L.; Yngvesson K.S. |
| Title |
Conversion Gain and Noise of Niobium Superconducting Hot-Electron-Mixers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
43 |
Issue |
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Pages |
938-947 |
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| Abstract |
A study has been done of microwave mixing at 20 GHz using the nonlinear (power dependent) resistance of thin niobium strips in the resistive state. Our experiments give evidence that electron-heating is the main cause of the nonlinear phenomenon. Also a detailed phenomenological theory for the determination of conversion properties is presented. This theory is capable of predicting the frequency-conversion loss rather accurately for arbitrary bias by examining the I-V-characteristic. Knowing the electron temperature relaxation time, and using parameters derived from the I-V-characteristic also allows us to predict the -3-dB IF bandwidth. Experimental results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. The require ments on the mode of operation and on the film parameters for minimizing the conversion loss (and even achieving conversion gain) are discussed in some detail. Our measurements demon-strate an intrinsic conversion loss as low as 1 dB. The maximum IF frequency defined for -3-dB drop in conversion gain, is about 80 MHz. Noise measurements indicate a device output noise temperature of about 50 K and SSB mixer noise temperature below 250 K. This type of mixer is considered very promising for use in low-noise heterodyne receivers at THz frequencies. |
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RPLAB @ atomics90 @ |
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964 |
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Verevkin, A. I.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Chulkova, G. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Yngvesson, K. S. |
| Title |
Electron energy relaxation in a 2D channel in AlGaAs-GaAs heterostructures under quasiequilibrium conditions at low temperatures |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
JETP Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
JETP Lett. |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
591-595 |
| Keywords |
2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures |
| Abstract |
The energy relaxation time of 2D electrons, Te, has been measured under quasiequilibrium conditions in AlGaAs—GaAs heterojunctions over the temperature range T= 1.5—20 K. At T> 4 K, Te depends only weakly on the temperature, while at T< 4 K 7;'(T) there is a dependence fr; lNT. A linear dependence 7: 1 (T) in the Bloch—-Grfineisen temperature region (T< 5 K) is unambiguous evidence that a piezoacoustic mechanism of an electron—phonon interaction is predominant in the inelastic scattering of electrons. The values of T6 in this temperature range agree very accurately with theoretical results reported by Karpus [Sov. Phys. Semicond. 22 (1988)]. At higher temperatures, where scat—tering by deformation acoustic phonons becomes substantial, there is a significant discrepancy between the experimental and theoretical re-sults. |
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1624 |
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Semenov, A. D.; Nebosis, R. S.; Gousev, Yu. P.; Heusinger, M. A.; Renk, K. F. |
| Title |
Analysis of the nonequilibrium photoresponse of superconducting films to pulsed radiation by use of a two-temperature model |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. B |
| Volume |
52 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
581-590 |
| Keywords |
HEB, NbN phonon scecific heat, Cp |
| Abstract |
Photoresponse of a superconducting film in the resistive state to pulsed radiation has been studied in the framework of a model assuming that two different effective temperatures can be assigned to the quasiparticle and phonon nonequilibrium distributions. The coupled electron-phonon-substrate system is described by a system of time-dependent energy-balance differential equations for effective temperatures. An analytical solution of the system is given and calculated voltage transients are compared with experimental photoresponse signals taking into account the radiation pulse shape and the time resolution of the readout electronics. It is supposed that a resistive state (vortices, fluxons, network of intergrain junctions, hot spots, phase slip centers) provides an ultrafast connection between electron temperature changes and changes of the film resistance and thus plays a minor role in the temporal evolution of the response. In accordance with experimental observations a two-component response was revealed from simulations. The slower component corresponds to a bolometric mechanism while the fast component is connected with the relaxation of the electron temperature. Calculated photoresponse transients are presented for different ratios of the electron and phonon specific heat, radiation pulse durations and fluences, and frequency band passes of registration electronics. From the amplitude of the bolometric component we determine the radiation energy absorbed in a film. This enables us to reveal an intrinsic electron-phonon scattering time even if it is much shorter than the time resolution of readout electronics. We analyze experimental voltage transients for NbN, YBa2Cu3O7, and TlBa2Ca2Cu3O9 superconducting films and find the electron-phonon interaction times at the transition temperatures of 17, 2.5, and 1.8 ps, respectively. The values are in reasonable agreement with data of other experiments. |
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903 |
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Krasnosvobodtsev, S. I.; Shabanova, N,P.; Ekimov, E.V.; Nozdrin, V.S.; Pechen, E,V. |
| Title |
Critical magnetic field of NbC: new data on clean superconductor films |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Zh. Eks. Teor.Fiz. |
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534-537 |
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| Abstract |
The temperature dependence of the upper critical magnetic fields of exceptionally low-defect-density films of the superconducting compound NbC has been investigated, and previously unknown parameters of this clean superconductor and its electronic characteristics have been evaluated. An electron density of states at the Fermi level equal to 1.3 states/ eV. Nb atom, a Fermi velocity equal to 2.2X lo7 cmls, a plasma frequency equal to 3.6 eV, and a coherence length to 24 nm have been obtained with an electron mean free path exceeding 40 nm. A vortex-free state existing over the entire temperature range below T, which causes a many-fold increase in the critical magnetic field of the films when the field is aligned parallel to their surface, has been discovered in very thin films of superconducting niobium carbide. |
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RPLAB @ atomics90 @ |
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956 |
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Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Schuch, R.; Lutz, C. R.; Jr.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Mueller, E. R.; Waldivian, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
| Title |
Hot electron detection and mixing experiments in NbN at 119 micrometer wavelength |
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Conference Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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284-293 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, detectors |
| Abstract |
We have performed preliminary experiments with the goal of demonstrating a Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) mixer for a 119 micrometer wavelength (2.5 THz). We have chosen a NbN device of size 700 x 350 micrometers. This device can easily be coupled to a laser LO source, which is advantageous for performing a prototype experiment. The relatively large size of the device means that the LO power required is in the mW range; this power can be easily obtained from a THz laser source. We have measured the amount of laser power actually absorbed in the device, and from this have estimated the best optical coupling loss to be about 10 di . We are developing methods for improving the optical coupling further. Preliminary measurements of the response of the device to a chopped black-body have not yet resulted in a measured receiver noise temperature. We expect to be able to complete this measurement in the near future. |
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