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Author Boogaard, G.R.; Verbruggen, A.H.; Belzig, W.; Klapwijk T.M.
Title Resistance of superconducting nanowires connected to normal-metal leads Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Phys. Rev. B Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. B
Volume 69 Issue Pages (down) 220503(R)(1-4)
Keywords
Abstract We study experimentally the low temperature resistance of superconducting nanowires connected to normal metal reservoirs. Wefind that a substantial fraction of the nanowires is resistive, down to the lowest tempera-ture measured, indicative of an intrinsic boundary resistance due to the Andreev-conversion of normal current to supercurrent. The results are successfully analyzed in terms of the kinetic equations for diffusive superconductors.
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Call Number RPLAB @ atomics90 @ Serial 960
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Author Ciulin, V.; Carter, S. G.; Sherwin, M. S.
Title Terahertz optical mixing in biased GaAs single quantum wells Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Phys. Rev. B Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. B
Volume 70 Issue 11 Pages (down) 115312-(1-6)
Keywords optical mixing
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1098-0121 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 501
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Author González, Francisco Javier; Alda, Javier; Ilic, Bojan; Boreman, Glenn D.
Title Infrared Antennas Coupled to Lithographic Fresnel Zone Plate Lenses Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Applied Optics Abbreviated Journal Appl. Opt.
Volume 43 Issue 33 Pages (down) 6067-6073
Keywords optical antennas
Abstract Several designs for Fresnel zone plate lenses (FZPLs) to be used in conjunction with antenna-coupled infrared detectors have been fabricated and tested. The designs comprise square and circular FZPLs with different numbers of Fresnel zones working in transmissive or reflective modes designed to focus infrared energy on a square-spiral antenna connected to a microbolometer. A 163× maximum increase in response was obtained from a 15-zone circular FZPL in the transmissive mode. Sensor measurements of normalized detectivity D* resulted in a 2.67× increase with FZPLs compared with measurements made of square-spiral antennas without FZPLs. The experimental results are discussed and compared with values obtained from theoretical calculations.
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Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 740
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Author Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Matvienko, V.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Currie, M.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K.; Zhang, J.; Słysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, Roman
Title Sensitivity and gigahertz counting performance of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 84 Issue 26 Pages (down) 5338-5340
Keywords SSPD, NEP, QE
Abstract We have measured the quantum efficiencysQEd, GHz counting rate, jitter, and noise-equivalentpowersNEPdof nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectorssSSPDsdin thevisible to infrared radiation range. Our 3.5-nm-thick and 100- to 200-nm-wide meander-typedevices(total area 10310mm2), operating at 4.2 K, exhibit an experimental QE of up to 20% inthe visible range and,10% at 1.3 to 1.55mm wavelength and are potentially sensitive up tomidinfrareds,10mmdradiation. The SSPD counting rate was measured to be above 2 GHz withjitter,18 ps, independent of the wavelength. The devices’ NEP varies from,10−17W/Hz1/2for1.55mm photons to,10−20W/Hz1/2for visible radiation. Lowering the SSPD operatingtemperature to 2.3 K significantly enhanced its performance, by increasing the QE to,20% andlowering the NEP level to,3310−22W/Hz1/2, both measured at 1.26mm wavelength.
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 532
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Author Meledin, D. V.; Marrone, D. P.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Gibson, H.; Blundell, R.; Paine, S. N.; Papa, D.C.; Smith, M.; Hunter, T. R.; Battat, J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.
Title A 1-THz superconducting hot-electron-bolometer receiver for astronomical observations Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.
Volume 52 Issue 10 Pages (down) 2338-2343
Keywords NbN HEB mixer, applications
Abstract In this paper, we describe a superconducting hot-electron-bolometer mixer receiver developed to operate in atmospheric windows between 800-1300 GHz. The receiver uses a waveguide mixer element made of 3-4-nm-thick NbN film deposited over crystalline quartz. This mixer yields double-sideband receiver noise temperatures of 1000 K at around 1.0 THz, and 1600 K at 1.26 THz, at an IF of 3.0 GHz. The receiver was successfully tested in the laboratory using a gas cell as a spectral line test source. It is now in use on the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory terahertz test telescope in northern Chile.
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ISSN 0018-9480 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1484
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Author Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.
Title Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 84 Issue 11 Pages (down) 1958-1960
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. We show experimentally that both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by more than a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature TN,DSB=950 K

at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, uncorrected for losses in the optics. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz.
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Call Number Serial 352
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Author Yu, B; Zeng, F; Yang, Y; Xing, Q; Chechin, A; Xin, X; Zeylikovich, I; Alfano R. R.
Title Torsional vibrational modes of tryptophan studied by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Biophys. J. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 86 Issue 3 Pages (down) 1649-1654
Keywords THz applications
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 491
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Author Yorke, Harold W.; Paine, Christopher G.; Bradford, Charles M.; Mark Dragovan; Nash, Al E.; Dooley, Jennifer A.; Lawrence, Charles R.
Title Thermal design trades for SAFIR architecture concepts Type Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal
Volume 5487 Issue Pages (down) 1617-1624
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Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ s @ sun_shield_SAFIR_SPIE_2004 Serial 340
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Author Verevkin, A.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Zhang, J.; Currie, M.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R.
Title Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for near-infrared-wavelength quantum communications Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication J. Modern Opt. Abbreviated Journal J. Modern Opt.
Volume 51 Issue 9-10 Pages (down) 1447-1458
Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract The paper reports progress on the design and development of niobium-nitride, superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultrafast counting of near-infrared photons for secure quantum communications. The SSPDs operate in the quantum detection mode, based on photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-width superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 3.5 nm thick NbN films and kept at cryogenic (liquid helium) temperatures inside a cryostat. The detector experimental quantum efficiency in the photon-counting mode reaches above 20% in the visible radiation range and up to 10% at the 1.3–1.55 μn infrared range. The dark counts are below 0.01 per second. The measured real-time counting rate is above 2 GHz and is limited by readout electronics (the intrinsic response time is below 30 ps). The SSPD jitter is below 18 ps, and the best-measured value of the noise-equivalent power (NEP) is 2 × 10−18 W/Hz1/2. at 1.3 μm. In terms of photon-counting efficiency and speed, these NbN SSPDs significantly outperform semiconductor avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers.
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ISSN 0950-0340 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1488
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Author Siddiqi, I.; Prober, D. E.
Title Nb–Au bilayer hot-electron bolometers for low-noise THz heterodyne detection Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 84 Issue 8 Pages (down) 1404
Keywords HEB, mixers, dynamic range, saturation, LO power, local oscillator power, Nb
Abstract The sensitivity of present Nb diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers is not quantum limited, and can be improved by reducing the superconducting transition temperature TC. Lowering TC reduces thermal fluctuations, resulting in a decrease of the mixer noise temperature TM. However, lower TC mixers have reduced dynamic range and saturate more easily due to background noise. We present 30 GHz microwave measurements on a bilayer HEB system, Nb–Au, in which TC can be tuned with Au layer thickness to obtain the maximum sensitivity for a given noise background. These measurements are intended as a guide for the optimization of THz mixers. Using a Nb–Au mixer with TC = 1.6 K, we obtain TM = 50 K with 2 nW of local oscillator (LO) power. Good mixer performance is observed over a wide range of LO power and bias voltage and such a device should not exhibit saturation in a THz receiver.
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ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 571
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Author Klaassen, T. O.; Hovenier, J. N.; Adam, A. J. L.; Fischer, J.; Jakob, G.; Poglitsch, A.; Redlich, B.
Title Terahertz calorimetry for the Herschel Space Observatory Type Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 815-816
Keywords mirror, reflection index, emissivity, calorimetry, space observatory, terahertz, THz
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 578
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Author van't Klooster, K.; Myasnikova, S. E.; Parshin, V. V.; Kasparek, W.
Title Results of reflection loss measurements of sample material for radio astronomy telescope antenna for Planck Project Type Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. 14th international crimean conference on microwave and telecommunication technology Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 753-755
Keywords mirror, reflection index, emissivity, Fabry-Perot interferometer, space observatory, terahertz, THz
Abstract Advanced radio telescope antennas for space applications are realised by the use of stable composite materials, which are lighter in general than various metal realisations. Reflectivity measurements have been carried out on high technology samples for the Planck radio telescope. Highly accurate results have been obtained at the Applied Physics Institute in Nizhny Novgorod, and an independent measurement with a totally different setup at the University of Stuttgart confirmed that one of the samples showed a strange behaviour. Moreover, it confirmed the high accuracy of the testing method.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 579
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Author Alexandre Karpov; David Miller; Rice, Frank R.; Stern, Jeffrey A.; Bruce Bumble; LeDuc, Henry G.; Jonas Zmuidzinas
Title Low-noise SIS mixer for far-infrared radio astronomy Type Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal
Volume 5498 Issue Pages (down) 616-621
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Publisher Place of Publication Glasgow, Scotland, UK Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ s @ nt_SIS_550at1p2THz Serial 353
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Author Antipov, S. V.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title Noise performance of quasioptical ultrathin NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 2.5 and 3.8 THz Type Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. 5-th MSMW Abbreviated Journal Proc. 5-th MSMW
Volume 2 Issue Pages (down) 592-594
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract To put space-based and airborne heterodyne instruments into operation at frequencies above 1 THz the superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) will be incorporated into heterodyne receiver as a mixer. At frequencies above 1.3 THz the sensitivity of the NbN HEB mixers outperform the one of the Schottky diodes and SIS-mixers, and the receiver noise temperature of the NbN HEB mixers increase with frequency. In this paper we present the results of the noise temperature measurements within one batch of NbN HEB mixers based on 3.5 mn thick superconducting NbN film grown on Si substrate with MgO buffer layer at the LO frequencies 2.5 THz and 3.8 THz.
Address Kharkov, Ukraine
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Kharkov, Ukraine Editor
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Area Expedition Conference The Fifth International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Waves (IEEE Cat. No.04EX828)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 351
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Author Hubers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Schwarz, M.; Gunther, B.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B.
Title Heterodyne receiver for 3-5 THz with hot-electron bolometer mixer Type Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE
Volume 5498 Issue Pages (down) 579-586
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy and planetary research need quantum limited sensitivity. In instruments which are currently build for SOFIA and Herschel superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) will be used to achieve this goal at frequencies above 1.4 THz. The local oscillator and the mixer are the most critical components for a heterodyne receiver operating at 3-5 THz. The design and performance of an optically pumped THz gas laser optimized for this frequency band will be presented. In order to optimize the performance for this frequency hot electron bolometer mixers with different in-plane dimensions and logarithmic-spiral feed antennas have been investigated. Their noise temperatures and beam patterns were measured. Above 3 THz the best performance was achieved with a superconducting bridge of 2.0 x 0.2 μm2 incorporated in a logarithmic spiral antenna. The DSB noise temperatures were 2700 K, 4700 K and 6400 K at 3.1 THz, 4.3 THz and 5.2 THz, respectively. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for THz heterodyne receivers up to at least 5 THz.
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Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Zmuidzinas, J.; Holland, W.S.; Withington, S.
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy II
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1483
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