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Antipov, S. V.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Noise performance of quasioptical ultrathin NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 2.5 and 3.8 THz |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. 5-th MSMW |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 5-th MSMW |
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2 |
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592-594 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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To put space-based and airborne heterodyne instruments into operation at frequencies above 1 THz the superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) will be incorporated into heterodyne receiver as a mixer. At frequencies above 1.3 THz the sensitivity of the NbN HEB mixers outperform the one of the Schottky diodes and SIS-mixers, and the receiver noise temperature of the NbN HEB mixers increase with frequency. In this paper we present the results of the noise temperature measurements within one batch of NbN HEB mixers based on 3.5 mn thick superconducting NbN film grown on Si substrate with MgO buffer layer at the LO frequencies 2.5 THz and 3.8 THz. |
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Kharkov, Ukraine |
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Kharkov, Ukraine |
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The Fifth International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Waves (IEEE Cat. No.04EX828) |
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351 |
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Jiang, L.; Zhang, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. H.; Li, J.; Shi, S. C.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Kaurova, N. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Characterization of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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Conference Article |
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2005 |
Publication |
Proc. PIERS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. PIERS |
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1 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
587-590 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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In this paper, we report the performance of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB (hot electron bolome-ter) mixer measured at 500 GHz. The quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB mixer is cryogenically cooled bya 4-K close-cycled refrigerator. Its receiver noise temperature and conversion gain are thoroughly investigatedfor different LO pumping levels and dc biases. The lowest receiver noise temperature is found to be approxi-mately 1200 K, and reduced to about 445 K after correcting theloss of the measurement system. The stabilityof the mixer’s IF output power is also demonstrated. |
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Hangzhou, China |
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1931-7360 |
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Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium |
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1482 |
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Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Wang, Z.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Mueller, E. R.; Waldman, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Cherednichenco, S. I.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Optimization of hot eleciron bolometer mixing efficiency in NbN at 119 micrometer wavelength |
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Conference Article |
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1996 |
Publication |
Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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584-600 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We describe an investigation of a NbN HEB mixer for 2.5 THz. An intrinsic conversion loss of 23 dB has been measured with a two-laser measurement technique. The conversion loss was limited by the LO power available and is expected to decrease to 10 dB or less when sufficient LO power is available. For this initial experiment we used a prototype device which is directly coupled to the laser beams. We present results for a back-short technique that improves the optical coupling to the device and describe our progress for an antenna-coupled device with a smaller dimension. Based on our measured data for conversion loss and device output noise level, we predict that NbN HEB mixers will be capable of achieving DSB receiver noise temperatures of ten times the quantum noise limit in the THz range. |
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1616 |
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Hubers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Schwarz, M.; Gunther, B.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B. |
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Title |
Heterodyne receiver for 3-5 THz with hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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Conference Article |
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2004 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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5498 |
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579-586 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy and planetary research need quantum limited sensitivity. In instruments which are currently build for SOFIA and Herschel superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) will be used to achieve this goal at frequencies above 1.4 THz. The local oscillator and the mixer are the most critical components for a heterodyne receiver operating at 3-5 THz. The design and performance of an optically pumped THz gas laser optimized for this frequency band will be presented. In order to optimize the performance for this frequency hot electron bolometer mixers with different in-plane dimensions and logarithmic-spiral feed antennas have been investigated. Their noise temperatures and beam patterns were measured. Above 3 THz the best performance was achieved with a superconducting bridge of 2.0 x 0.2 μm2 incorporated in a logarithmic spiral antenna. The DSB noise temperatures were 2700 K, 4700 K and 6400 K at 3.1 THz, 4.3 THz and 5.2 THz, respectively. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for THz heterodyne receivers up to at least 5 THz. |
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SPIE |
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Zmuidzinas, J.; Holland, W.S.; Withington, S. |
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Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy II |
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1483 |
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Gol’tsman, G.N. |
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Overview of recent results for superconducting NbN terahertz and optical detectors and mixers |
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Miscellaneous |
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2014 |
Publication |
SM2 – Seminar on Terahertz Photonics |
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0562 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD, HEB |
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We present our recent achievements in the development of sensitive and ultrafast thin-film superconducting sensors: hot-electron bolometers (HEB), HEB-mixers for terahertz range and infrared single-photon counters. These sensors have already demonstrated a performance that makes them devices-of-choice for many terahertz and optical applications. |
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1746 |
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Maslennikov, S. N.; Morozov, D. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Okunev, O. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Imaging system for submillimeter wave range based on AlGaAs/GaAs hot electron bolometer mixers |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. 5-th MSMW |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 5-th MSMW |
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2 |
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558-560 |
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AlGaAs/GaAs HEB mixers |
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Electromagnetic radiation of the submillimeter (SMM) range is dispersed and absorbed significantly less than infrared (IR) radiation when passing through different objects. That is the reason for the development of an SMM imaging system. In this paper, we discuss the design of an SMM heterodyne imager, based on a matrix of AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure hot electron bolometer mixers (HEB) with relatively high (about 77 K) operating temperature. The predicted double side band (DSB) noise temperature is about 1000 K and optimal local oscillator (LO) power is about 1 /spl mu/W for such mixers, which seems to be quite prospective for an SMM heterodyne imager. |
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Kharkov, Ukraine |
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The Fifth International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Waves (IEEE Cat. No.04EX828) |
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1487 |
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Gol'tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Seleznev, V.; Słysz, W.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Sobolewski, Roman |
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Superconducting nanostructured detectors capable of single-photon counting in the THz range |
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Conference Article |
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2005 |
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Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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555-557 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present the results of the NbN superconducting single-photon detector sensitivity measurement in the visible to mid-IR range. For visible and near IR light (0.56 — 1.3μm wavelengths) the detector exhibits 30% quantum efficiency saturation value limited by the NbN film absorption and extremely low level of dark counts (2x10 -4 s -1). The detector manifested single-photon counting up to 6 μm wavelength with the quantum efficiency reaching 10 -2 % at 5.6 μm and 3 K temperature. |
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1476 |
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Baubert, J.; Salez, M.; Delorme, Y.; Pons, P.; Goltsman, G.; Merkel, H.; Leconte, B. |
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Membrane-based HEB mixer for THz applications |
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Conference Article |
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2003 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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5116 |
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551-562 |
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membrane NbN HEB mixers, heterodyne receiver, stress-less membrane, coupling efficiency, submillimeter-waves frequency, low-cost space applications |
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We report in this paper a new concept for 2.7 THz superconducting Niobium nitride (NbN) Hot-Electron Bolometer mixer (HEB). The membrane process was developped for space telecommnunication applications a few years ago and the HEB mixer concept is now considered as the best choice for low-noise submillimeter-wave frequency heterodyne receivers. The idea is then to join these two technologies. The novel fabrication scheme is to fabricate a NbN HEB mixer on a 1 μm thick stress-less Si3N4/SiO2 membrane. This seems to present numerous improvements concerning : use at higher RF frequencies, power coupling efficiency, HEB mixer sensitivity, noise temperature, and space applications. This work is to be continued within the framework of an ESA TRP project, a 2.7 THz heterodyne camera with numerous applications including a SOFIA airborne receiver. This paper presents the whole fabrication process, the validation tests and preliminary results. Membrane-based HEB mixer theory is currently being investigated and further tests such as heterodyne and Fourier transform spectrometry measurement are planed shortly. |
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SPIE |
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Chiao, J.-C.; Varadan, V.K.; Cané, C. |
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Smart Sensors, Actuators, and MEMS |
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1520 |
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Kurochkin, V. L.; Zverev, A. V.; Kurochkin, Y. V.; Ryabtsev, I. I.; Neizvestnyi, I. G.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Larionov, P. A. |
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Long-distance fiber-optic quantum key distribution using superconducting detectors |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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Proc. Optoelectron. Instrum. |
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Proc. Optoelectron. Instrum. |
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51 |
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6 |
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548-552 |
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QKD, SSPD, SNSPD |
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This paper presents the results of experimental studies on quantum key distribution in optical fiber using superconducting detectors. Key generation was obtained on an experimental setup based on a self-compensation optical circuit with an optical fiber length of 101.1 km. It was first shown that photon polarization encoding can be used for quantum key distribution in optical fiber over a distance in excess of 300 km. |
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8756-6990 |
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1342 |
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Schwaab, G. W.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Erichsen, Patrik; Gol'tsman, G.; Semenov, A.; Verevkin, A.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E. |
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A high resolution spectrometer for the investigation of molecular structures in the THZ range |
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Conference Article |
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1999 |
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Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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530-538 |
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antireflection coatings, dielectric mirrors |
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A status report on the design study of a novel tunable far-infrared (TuFTR) spectrometer for the investigation of the structure of weakly bound molecular complexes is given. The goal is a sensitive TuFIR spectrometer with full frequency coverage from 1-6 THz. To hit the goal, advanced sources (e.g. p-Ge lasers) and detectors (e.g. superconducting hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers) shall be employed to extend the technique of cavity ringdown spectroscopy, that is currently used at optical and infrared frequencies to the FIR spectral range. Critical for such a system are high-Q resonators that still allow good optical coupling, and wideband antireflection coatings to increase detector sensitivity and decrease optical path losses. 2 nd order effective media theory and an iterative multilayer algorithm have been employed to design wideband antireflection coatings for dielectrics with large dielectric constants like Ge or Si. Taking into account 6 layers, for Si bandwidths of 100% of the center frequency could be obtained with power reflectivities below 1% for both polarizations simultaneously. Wideband dielectric mirrors including absorption losses were also studied yielding a bandwidth of about 50% with reflectivities larger than 99.5%. |
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