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| Author | Shcheslavskiy, V.; Morozov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Smirnov, K.; Becker, W. | ||||
| Title | Erratum: “Ultrafast time measurements by time-correlated single photon counting coupled with superconducting single photon detector” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 053117 (2016)] | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Rev. Sci. Instrum. | Abbreviated Journal | Rev. Sci. Instrum. |
| Volume | 87 | Issue | 6 | Pages  |
069901 |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, TCSPC, jitter | ||||
| Abstract | In the original paper1the Ref. 10 should be M. Sanzaro, N. Calandri, A. Ruggeri, C. Scarcella, G. Boso, M. Buttafava, and A. Tosi, Proc. SPIE9370, 93701T (2015). | ||||
| Address | Becker & Hickl GmbH, Nahmitzer Damm 30, Berlin 12277, Germany | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0034-6748 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:27370512 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1810 | |||
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| Author | Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Gorska, M.; Rieger, E.; Dorenbos, P.; Zwiller, V.; Milostnaya, I.; Minaeva, O.; Antipov, A.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Gol’tsman, G.N.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Pan, D.; Pearlman, A.; Cross, A.; Komissarov, I.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Fiber-coupled NbN superconducting single-photon detectors for quantum correlation measurements | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 6583 | Issue | Pages |
65830J (1 to 11) | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting single-photon detectors, single-photon detectors, fiber-coupled optical detectors, quantum correlations, superconducting devices | ||||
| Abstract | We have fabricated fiber-coupled superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), designed for quantum-correlationtype experiments. The SSPDs are nanostructured ( 100-nm wide and 4-nm thick) NbN superconducting meandering stripes, operated in the 2 to 4.2 K temperature range, and known for ultrafast and efficient detection of visible to nearinfrared photons with almost negligible dark counts. Our latest devices are pigtailed structures with coupling between the SSPD structure and a single-mode optical fiber achieved using a micromechanical photoresist ring placed directly over the meander. The above arrangement withstands repetitive thermal cycling between liquid helium and room temperature, and we can reach the coupling efficiency of up to 33%. The system quantum efficiency, measured as the ratio of the photons counted by SSPD to the total number of photons coupled into the fiber, in our early devices was found to be around 0.3 % and 1% for 1.55 &mgr;m and 0.9 &mgr;m photon wavelengths, respectively. The photon counting rate exceeded 250 MHz. The receiver with two SSPDs, each individually biased, was placed inside a transport, 60-liter liquid helium Dewar, assuring uninterrupted operation for over 2 months. Since the receiver’s optical and electrical connections are at room temperature, the set-up is suitable for any applications, where single-photon counting capability and fast count rates are desired. In our case, it was implemented for photon correlation experiments. The receiver response time, measured as a second-order photon cross-correlation function, was found to be below 400 ps, with timing jitter of less than 40 ps. | ||||
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| Publisher | Spie | Place of Publication | Editor | Dusek, M.; Hillery, M.S.; Schleich, W.P.; Prochazka, I.; Migdall, A.L.; Pauchard, A. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Photon Counting Applications, Quantum Optics, and Quantum Cryptography | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1431 | |||
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| Author | Baeva, E. M.; Sidorova, M. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochy, A. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Semenov, A. V.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Khrapai, V. S.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Thermal properties of NbN single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Phys. Rev. Applied | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. Applied |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | 6 | Pages |
064063 (1 to 8) |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We investigate thermal properties of a NbN single-photon detector capable of unit internal detection efficiency. Using an independent calibration of the coupling losses, we determine the absolute optical power absorbed by the NbN film and, via resistive superconductor thermometry, the temperature dependence of the thermal resistance Z(T) of the NbN film. In principle, this approach permits simultaneous measurement of the electron-phonon and phonon-escape contributions to the energy relaxation, which in our case is ambiguous because of the similar temperature dependencies. We analyze Z(T) with a two-temperature model and impose an upper bound on the ratio of electron and phonon heat capacities in NbN, which is surprisingly close to a recent theoretical lower bound for the same quantity in similar devices. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2331-7019 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1226 | |||
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| Author | Zolotov, P. I.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Morozov, P. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Smirnov, K. V. | ||||
| Title | Development of high-effective superconducting single-photon detectors aimed for mid-IR spectrum range | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume | 917 | Issue | Pages |
062037 | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We report on development of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) with high intrinsic quantum efficiency in the wavelength range 1.31 – 3.3 μm. By optimization of the NbN film thickness and its compound, we managed to improve detection efficiency of the detectors in the range up to 3.3 μm. Optimized devices showed intrinsic quantum efficiencies as high as 10% at mid-IR range. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1233 | |||
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| Author | Zhang, X.; Lita, A. E.; Smirnov, K.; Liu, H. L.; Zhu, D.; Verma, V. B.; Nam, S. W.; Schilling, A. | ||||
| Title | Strong suppression of the resistivity near the superconducting transition in narrow microbridges in external magnetic fields | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. B |
| Volume | 101 | Issue | 6 | Pages |
060508 (1 to 6) |
| Keywords | MoSi, WSi films | ||||
| Abstract | We have investigated a series of superconducting bridges based on homogeneous amorphous WSi and MoSi films, with bridge widths w ranging from 2 to 1000μm and film thicknesses d∼4−6 and 100 nm. Upon decreasing the bridge widths below the respective Pearl lengths, we observe in all cases distinct changes in the characteristics of the resistive transitions to superconductivity. For each of the films, the resistivity curves R(B,T) separate at a well-defined and field-dependent temperature T∗(B) with decreasing the temperature, resulting in a dramatic suppression of the resistivity and a sharpening of the transitions with decreasing bridge width w. The associated excess conductivity in all the bridges scales as 1/w, which may suggest either the presence of a highly conducting region that is dominating the electric transport, or a change in the vortex dynamics in narrow enough bridges. We argue that this effect can only be observed in materials with sufficiently weak vortex pinning. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2469-9950 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1800 | |||
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| Author | Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Górska, M.; Latta, C.; Zwiller, V.; Pearlman, A.; Cross, A.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Verevkin, A.; Currie, M.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Fiber-coupled quantum-communications receiver based on two NbN superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 5957 | Issue | Pages |
59571K (1 to 10) | |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, single-photon detectors, quantum communication, quantum cryptography, superconductors, infrared optical detectors | ||||
| Abstract | We present the design and performance of a novel, two-channel single-photon receiver, based on two fiber-coupled NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). The SSPDs are nanostructured superconducting meanders covering an area of 100 μm2 and are known for ultrafast and efficient counting of single, visible-to-infrared photons. Their operation has been explained within a phenomenological hot-electron photoresponse model. Our receiver is intended for fiber-based quantum cryptography and communication systems, operational at near-infrared (NIR) telecommunication wavelengths, λ = 1.3 μm and λ = 1.55 μm. Coupling between the NbN detector and a single-mode optical fiber was achieved using a specially designed, micromechanical photoresist ring, positioned directly over the SSPD active area. The positioning accuracy of the ring was below 1 μm. The receiver with SSPDs was placed (immersed) in a standard liquid-helium transport Dewar and kept without interruption for over two months at 4.2 K. At the same time, the optical fiber inputs and electrical outputs were kept at room temperature. Our best system reached a system quantum efficiency of up to 0.3 % in the NIR radiation range, with the detector coupling efficiency of about 30 %. The response time was measured to be about 250 ps and was limited by our read-out electronics. The measured jitter was close to 35 ps. The presented performance parameters show that our NIR single photon detectors are suitable for practical quantum cryptography and for applications in quantum-correlation experiments. | ||||
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| Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Rogalski, A.; Dereniak, E.L.; Sizov, F.F. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Infrared Photoelectronics | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1459 | |||
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| Author | Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Slepneva, S.; Seleznev, V.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Slysz, W.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting nanostructured detectors capable of single photon counting of mid-infrared optical radiation | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 5957 | Issue | Pages |
59570A (1 to 9) | |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, single-photon detectors, superconductors, superconducting | ||||
| Abstract | We report on our progress in research and development of ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on ultrathin NbN nanostructures. Our SSPDs were made of the 4-nm-thick NbN films with Tc 11 K, patterned as meander-shaped, 100-nm-wide strips, and covering an area of 10×10 μm2. The detectors exploit a combined detection mechanism, where upon a single-photon absorption, a hotspot of excited electrons and redistribution of the biasing supercurrent, jointly produce a picosecond voltage transient signal across the superconducting nanostripe. The SSPDs are typically operated at 4.2 K, but their sensitivity in the infrared radiation range can be significantly improved by lowering the operating temperature from 4.2 K to 2 K. When operated at 2 K, the SSPD quantum efficiency (QE) for visible light photons reaches 30-40%, which is the saturation value limited by the optical absorption of our 4-nm-thick NbN film. With the wavelength increase of the incident photons,the QE of SSPDs decreases significantly, but even at the wavelength of 6 μm, the detector is able to count single photons and exhibits QE of about 10-2 %. The dark (false) count rate at 2 K is as low as 2x10-4 s,-1 which makes our detector essentially a background-limited sensor. The very low dark-count rate results in a noise equivalent power (NEP) below 10-18 WHz-1/2 for the mid-infrared range (6 μm). Further improvement of the SSPD performance in the mid-infrared range can be obtained by substituting NbN for another, lower-Tc materials with a narrow superconducting gap and low quasiparticles diffusivity. The use of such superconductors should shift the cutoff wavelength below 10 μm. | ||||
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| Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Rogalski, A.; Dereniak, E.L.; Sizov, F.F. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Infrared Photoelectronics | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1458 | |||
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| Author | Shcheslavskiy, V.; Morozov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Vakhtomin, Yu.; Smirnov, K.; Becker, W. | ||||
| Title | Ultrafast time measurements by time-correlated single photon counting coupled with superconducting single photon detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Rev. Sci. Instrum. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 87 | Issue | Pages |
053117 (1 to 5) | |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, TCSPC, jitter | ||||
| Abstract | Time resolution is one of the main characteristics of the single photon detectors besides quantum efficiency and dark count rate. We demonstrate here an ultrafast time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) setup consisting of a newly developed single photon counting board SPC-150NX and a superconducting NbN single photon detector with a sensitive area of 7 × 7 μm. The combination delivers a record instrument response function with a full width at half maximum of 17.8 ps and system quantum efficiency ~5% at wavelength of 1560 nm. A calculation of the root mean square value of the timing jitter for channels with counts more than 1% of the peak value yielded about 7.6 ps. The setup has also good timing stability of the detector–TCSPC board. | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1077 | |||
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| Author | Smirnov, K. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Sidorova, M. V.; Karpova, U. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Zotova, A. N.; Vodolazov, D. Y. | ||||
| Title | Rise time of voltage pulses in NbN superconducting single photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 109 | Issue | 5 | Pages |
052601 |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We have found experimentally that the rise time of voltage pulse in NbN superconducting single photon detectors increases nonlinearly with increasing the length of the detector L. The effect is connected with dependence of resistance of the detector Rn, which appears after photon absorption, on its kinetic inductance Lk and, hence, on the length of the detector. This conclusion is confirmed by our calculations in the framework of two temperature model. D.Yu.V. acknowledges the support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 15-42-02365). K.V.S. acknowledges the financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Contract No. 3.2655.2014/K). |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1236 | |||
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| Author | Romanov, N. R.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Smirnov, K. V. | ||||
| Title | Electron diffusivity measurements of VN superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume | 1124 | Issue | Pages |
051032 | |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, VN | ||||
| Abstract | The research of ultrathin vanadium nitride (VN) films as a promising candidate for superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) is presented. The electron diffusivity measurements are performed for such devices. Devices that were fabricated out from 9.9 nm films had diffusivity coefficient of 0.41 cm2/s and from 5.4 nm – 0.54 cm2/s. Obtained values are similar to other typical SSPD materials. The diffusivity that increases along with decreasing of the film thickness is expected to allow fabrication of the devices with improved characteristics. Fabricated VN SSPDs showed prominent single-photon response in the range 0.9-1.55 µm. | ||||
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1229 | |||
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| Author | Zolotov, P. I.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Lubenchenko, A. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Shurkaeva, I. V.; Smirnov, K. V. | ||||
| Title | Influence of sputtering parameters on the main characteristics of ultra-thin vanadium nitride films | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume | 1124 | Issue | Pages |
051030 | |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, VN | ||||
| Abstract | We researched the relation between deposition and ultra-thin VN films parameters. To conduct the experimental study we varied substrate temperature, Ar and N2 partial pressures and deposition rate. The study allowed us to obtain the films with close to the bulk values transition temperatures and implement such samples in order to fabricate superconducting single-photon detectors. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1228 | |||
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| Author | Smirnov, K.; Divochiy, A.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Morozov, P.; Zolotov, P.; Antipov, A.; Seleznev, V. | ||||
| Title | NbN single-photon detectors with saturated dependence of quantum efficiency | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 3 | Pages |
035011 (1 to 8) |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | The possibility of creating NbN superconducting single-photon detectors with saturated dependence of quantum efficiency (QE) versus normalized bias current was investigated. It was shown that the saturation increases for the detectors based on finer films with a lower value of Rs300/Rs20. The decreasing of Rs300/Rs20 was related to the increasing influence of quantum corrections to conductivity of superconductors and, in turn, to the decrease of the electron diffusion coefficient. The best samples have a constant value of system QE 94% at Ib/Ic ~ 0.8 and wavelength 1310 nm. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0953-2048 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1232 | |||
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| Author | Zinoni, C.; Alloing, B.; Li, L. H.; Marsili, F.; Fiore, A.; Lunghi, L.; Gerardino, A.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Single-photon experiments at telecommunication wavelengths using nanowire superconducting detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 91 | Issue | 3 | Pages |
031106 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, APD | ||||
| Abstract | The authors report fiber-coupled superconducting single-photon detectors with specifications that exceed those of avalanche photodiodes, operating at telecommunication wavelength, in sensitivity, temporal resolution, and repetition frequency. The improved performance is demonstrated by measuring the intensity correlation function g(2)(τ) of single-photon states at 1300nm produced by single semiconductor quantum dots. This work was supported by Swiss National Foundation through the “Professeur borsier” and NCCR Quantum Photonics program, FP6 STREP “SINPHONIA” (Contract No. NMP4-CT-2005-16433), IP “QAP” (Contract No. 15848), NOE “ePIXnet,” and the Italian MIUR-FIRB program. |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Erratum: 1395 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1396 | |||
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| Author | Shangina, E. L.; Smirnov, K. V.; Morozov, D. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A. A.; Toropov, A. I.; Mauskopf, P. | ||||
| Title | Concentration dependence of energy relaxation time in AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions: direct measurements | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Semicond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Semicond. Sci. Technol. |
| Volume | 26 | Issue | 2 | Pages |
025013 |
| Keywords | AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions | ||||
| Abstract | We present measurements of the energy relaxation time, τε, of electrons in a single heterojunction in a quasi-equilibrium state using microwave time-resolved spectroscopy at 4.2 K. We find the relaxation time has a power-law dependence on the carrier density of the two-dimensional electron gas, τε∝nγs with γ = 0.40 ± 0.02 for values of the carrier density, ns, from 1.6 × 1011 to 6.6 × 1011cm−2. The results are in good agreement with predictions taking into account the scattering of the carriers by both piezoelectric and deformation potential acoustic phonons. We compare these results with indirect measurements of the energy relaxation time from energy loss measurements involving Joule heating of the electron gas. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0268-1242 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1215 | |||
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| Author | Smirnov, Konstantin; Vachtomin, Yury; Divochiy, Alexander; Antipov, Andrey; Goltsman, Gregory | ||||
| Title | Dependence of dark count rates in superconducting single photon detectors on the filtering effect of standard single mode optical fibers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Express |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 2 | Pages |
022501 (1 to 4) |
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| Publisher | IOP Publishing | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1882-0778 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ smirnov2015dependence | Serial | 1049 | ||
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